Implement Pkl binary renderer and parser (#1203)

Implements a binary renderer for Pkl values, which is a lossless capturing of Pkl data.

This follows the pkl binary format that is already used with `pkl server` calls, and is
made available as a Java API and also an in-language API.

Also, introduces a binary parser into the corresponding `PObject` types in Java.

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/input/api/pklbinary1.msgpack.yaml.pkl

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+open module encoding1
+
+import "pkl:pklbinary"
+import "pkl:base"
+
+class Foo {
+  dynamic: Dynamic = new {
+    hello = "world"
+    ["hello"] = "world"
+    "hello world"
+  }
+  string: String = "foo"
+  map = Map("foo", "bar")
+  mapping: Mapping = new { ["foo"] = "bar" }
+  list = List("foo", "bar")
+  listing: Listing = new { "foo"; 0 }
+  set = Set("foo", "bar")
+  duration = 123.h
+  dataSize = 123.gib
+  pair = Pair("foo", "bar")
+  intSeq = IntSeq(123, 456)
+  regex = Regex("foo.*")
+  func: ((String, Int) -> Boolean)? =
+    (a, b) -> a.sha256Int + b % 2 == 0
+  bytes = Bytes(0x01, 0x02, 0x03)
+  moduleClass: Class
+  baseModuleClass: Class = base.getClass()
+  pklbinaryModuleClass: Class = pklbinary.getClass()
+  stdlibClass: Class = PcfRenderer
+  someClass: Class = Foo
+  stdlibTypealias: TypeAlias = UInt 
+  someTypealias: TypeAlias = Bar
+  something: Any = new PcfRenderer {} // a non-external class from pkl:base
+}
+
+typealias Bar = Mapping<String, String>
+
+classInstance: Foo = new {
+  moduleClass = Map(true, module.getClass())[true]
+}
+
+hidden noFunc: Foo = (classInstance) { func = null }
+
+hidden encoded: Bytes = new pklbinary.Renderer {}.renderValue(noFunc)
+
+output {
+  bytes = encoded
+}

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/input/pklbinary/basic.msgpack.yaml.pkl

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+extends ".../pklbinaryTest.pkl"
+
+res1 = "bar"
+res2 = ""
+res3 = 1
+res4 = 2.3
+res5 = true
+res6 = false
+res7 = null 

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/input/pklbinary/classes.msgpack.yaml.pkl

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+module com.foo.bar.MyModule
+
+extends ".../pklbinaryTest.pkl"
+
+class Person {
+  firstName: String
+  lastName: String
+  age: Int
+}
+
+barnOwl: Person = new {
+  firstName = "Barn Owl"
+  lastName = "Bird"
+  age = 38
+}
+
+pigeon: Person = new {
+  firstName = "Pigeon"
+  lastName = "Bird"
+  age = 41
+}
+
+typealias MyPerson = Person
+
+personClass = Person
+
+personTypeAlias = MyPerson

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/input/pklbinary/datasize.msgpack.yaml.pkl

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+extends ".../pklbinaryTest.pkl"
+
+res1: DataSize = 1.b
+res2: DataSize = 2.kb
+res3: DataSize = 3.kib
+res4: DataSize = 4.mb
+res5: DataSize = 5.mib
+res6: DataSize = 6.gb
+res7: DataSize = 7.gib
+res8: DataSize = 8.tb
+res9: DataSize = 9.tib
+res10: DataSize = 10.pb
+res11: DataSize = 11.pib

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/input/pklbinary/duration.msgpack.yaml.pkl

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+extends ".../pklbinaryTest.pkl"
+
+res1 = 1.ns
+res2 = 2.us
+res3 = 3.ms
+res4 = 4.s
+res5 = 5.min
+res6 = 6.h
+res7 = 7.d

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/input/pklbinary/intseq.msgpack.yaml.pkl

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+extends ".../pklbinaryTest.pkl"
+
+res1 = IntSeq(1, 3)
+res2 = IntSeq(1, 4).step(5)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/input/pklbinary/list.msgpack.yaml.pkl

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+extends ".../pklbinaryTest.pkl"
+
+res1: List<Int> = List(1, 3, 5, 7)
+res2: Listing<Int> = new { 2; 4; 6; 8 }
+res3: List<Int> = List()
+res4: Listing<Int> = new {}
+res5: List<List<Int>> = List(List(1, 2))
+res6: Listing<Listing<Int>> = new { new { 1; 2 } }

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/input/pklbinary/map.msgpack.yaml.pkl

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+extends ".../pklbinaryTest.pkl"
+
+res1: Map = Map("foo", 1, "bar", 2)
+res2: Mapping = new {
+  ["foo"] = 1
+  ["bar"] = 2
+}
+res3: Mapping = new {
+  ["childMap"] = new Mapping {
+    ["childFoo"] = 3
+  }
+}
+res4: Mapping = new {
+  [Map("foo", 1)] = new Mapping {
+    ["bar"] = 2
+  }
+}
+// https://github.com/apple/pkl/issues/1151
+res5: Mapping = new {
+  local self = this
+  ["foo"] = new Dynamic { name = "foo" }
+  ["bar"] = new Dynamic { name = self["foo"].name + "bar" }
+}

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/input/pklbinary/pair.msgpack.yaml.pkl

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+extends ".../pklbinaryTest.pkl"
+
+res1 = Pair(1, 2)
+res2 = Pair("foo", "bar")

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/input/pklbinary/regex.msgpack.yaml.pkl

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+extends ".../pklbinaryTest.pkl"
+
+res1 = Regex("abc")
+res2 = Regex("")
+res3 = Regex("(?m)^abc$")

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/input/pklbinary/set.msgpack.yaml.pkl

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+extends ".../pklbinaryTest.pkl"
+
+res1: Set<Int> = Set(1, 3, 5, 7)
+res2: Set<Int> = Set()
+res3: Set<Any> = Set(1, true, "", null)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/input/pklbinaryTest.pkl

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+open module pklbinaryTest
+
+import "pkl:pklbinary"
+
+output {
+  // ensure no output file written for this specific module, only children that add properties
+  when (module.toMap().isEmpty) {
+    text = ""
+  } else {
+    value = if (module.toMap().isEmpty) "" else module
+    renderer = new pklbinary.Renderer {}
+  }
+}

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/api/jsonRenderer8.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at pkl.base#JsonRenderer.renderDocument (file:///$snippetsDir/input/api/jsonRend
 
 Consider adding a converter to `output.converters`.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/api/jsonnetRenderer7.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at pkl.jsonnet#Renderer.renderDocument (file:///$snippetsDir/input/api/jsonnetRe
 
 Consider adding a converter to `output.converters`.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/api/pListRenderer7.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at pkl.base#PListRenderer.renderDocument (file:///$snippetsDir/input/api/pListRe
 
 Consider adding a converter to `output.converters`.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/api/pcfRenderer8.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at pkl.base#PcfRenderer.renderDocument (file:///$snippetsDir/input/api/pcfRender
 
 Consider adding a converter to `output.converters`.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/api/pklbinary1.msgpack.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+- 1
+- 'encoding1#Foo'
+- 'file:///$snippetsDir/input/api/pklbinary1.msgpack.yaml.pkl'
+- 
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'dynamic'
+    - 
+      - 1
+      - 'Dynamic'
+      - 'pkl:base'
+      - 
+        - 
+          - 16
+          - 'hello'
+          - 'world'
+        - 
+          - 17
+          - 'hello'
+          - 'world'
+        - 
+          - 18
+          - 0
+          - 'hello world'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'string'
+    - 'foo'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'map'
+    - 
+      - 2
+      - 
+        'foo': 'bar'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'mapping'
+    - 
+      - 3
+      - 
+        'foo': 'bar'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'list'
+    - 
+      - 4
+      - 
+        - 'foo'
+        - 'bar'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'listing'
+    - 
+      - 5
+      - 
+        - 'foo'
+        - 0
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'set'
+    - 
+      - 6
+      - 
+        - 'foo'
+        - 'bar'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'duration'
+    - 
+      - 7
+      - 123.0
+      - 'h'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'dataSize'
+    - 
+      - 8
+      - 123.0
+      - 'gib'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'pair'
+    - 
+      - 9
+      - 'foo'
+      - 'bar'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'intSeq'
+    - 
+      - 10
+      - 123
+      - 456
+      - 1
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'regex'
+    - 
+      - 11
+      - 'foo.*'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'func'
+    - null
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'bytes'
+    - 
+      - 15
+      - !!binary 'AQID'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'moduleClass'
+    - 
+      - 12
+      - 'encoding1'
+      - 'file:///$snippetsDir/input/api/pklbinary1.msgpack.yaml.pkl'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'baseModuleClass'
+    - 
+      - 12
+      - 'ModuleClass'
+      - 'pkl:base'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'pklbinaryModuleClass'
+    - 
+      - 12
+      - 'pkl.pklbinary'
+      - 'pkl:pklbinary'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'stdlibClass'
+    - 
+      - 12
+      - 'PcfRenderer'
+      - 'pkl:base'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'someClass'
+    - 
+      - 12
+      - 'encoding1#Foo'
+      - 'file:///$snippetsDir/input/api/pklbinary1.msgpack.yaml.pkl'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'stdlibTypealias'
+    - 
+      - 13
+      - 'UInt'
+      - 'pkl:base'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'someTypealias'
+    - 
+      - 13
+      - 'encoding1#Bar'
+      - 'file:///$snippetsDir/input/api/pklbinary1.msgpack.yaml.pkl'
+  - 
+    - 16
+    - 'something'
+    - 
+      - 1
+      - 'PcfRenderer'
+      - 'pkl:base'
+      - 
+        - 
+          - 16
+          - 'converters'
+          - 
+            - 3
+            - {}
+        - 
+          - 16
+          - 'extension'
+          - 'pcf'
+        - 
+          - 16
+          - 'indent'
+          - '  '
+        - 
+          - 16
+          - 'omitNullProperties'
+          - false
+        - 
+          - 16
+          - 'useCustomStringDelimiters'
+          - false

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/api/propertiesRenderer10.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at propertiesRenderer10.properties#foo (file:///$snippetsDir/input/api/propertie
 
 Consider adding a converter to `output.converters`.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/api/propertiesRenderer11.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at pkl.base#PropertiesRenderer.renderDocument (file:///$snippetsDir/input/api/pr
 
 Consider adding a converter to `output.converters`.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/api/propertiesRenderer4.pcf

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ res7 = "Cannot render value of type `DataSize` as Properties. Value: 1.mb"
 res8 = "Cannot render value of type `List` as Properties. Value: List(\"pigeon\", \"parrot\")"
 res9 = "Cannot render value of type `Set` as Properties. Value: Set(\"pigeon\", \"parrot\")"
 res10 = "Cannot render value of type `Map` as Properties. Value: Map(\"name\", \"pigeon\", \"age\", 42)"
-res11 = "Cannot render value of type `Listing` as Properties. Value: new Listing { ?; ? }"
+res11 = "Cannot render value of type `Listing` as Properties. Value: new Listing { \"pigeon\"; \"parrot\" }"
 res12 = "Cannot render value of type `Mapping` as Properties. Value: new Mapping { [\"name\"] = ?; [\"age\"] = ? }"
 res13 = "Cannot render value of type `Dynamic` as Properties. Value: new Dynamic { name = ?; age = ? }"
 res14 = "Cannot render value of type `propertiesRenderer4#Person` as Properties. Value: new Person { name = ?; age = ? }"

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/api/xmlRenderer8.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at pkl.xml#Renderer.renderDocument (file:///$snippetsDir/input/api/xmlRenderer8.
 
 Consider adding a converter to `output.converters`.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/api/xmlRendererInline3.xml

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@
     <name>Pigeon</name>
     <age>42</age>
   </pigeon2>
-  <res2>`xml.Element` is not supported here. Value: new Dynamic { _isXmlElement = true; name = ?; attributes = ?; isBlockFormat =...</res2>
-  <res3>`xml.Inline` is not supported here. Value: new Inline { value = ? }</res3>
+  <res2>`xml.Element` is not supported here. Value: new Dynamic { _isXmlElement = true; name = &quot;pigeon2&quot;; attributes {}; isBlockF...</res2>
+  <res3>`xml.Inline` is not supported here. Value: new Inline { value { name = ?; age = ? } }</res3>
 </root>

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/api/yamlRenderer7.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at pkl.base#YamlRenderer.renderDocument (file:///$snippetsDir/input/api/yamlRend
 
 Consider adding a converter to `output.converters`.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/basic/exceptions.err

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ x | bar = throw("Something went wrong")
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at exceptions#foo.bar (file:///$snippetsDir/input/basic/exceptions.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/class3.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at class3#person (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/class3.pkl)
 Did you mean any of the following?
 address
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/constraints5.err

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ xx | max = 3
            ^
 at constraints5#res2.max (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/constraints5.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/inheritanceError1.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at inheritanceError1#Derived (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/inheritanceErro
 By default, classes are closed for extension.
 To make a class extensible, add an `open` modifier: `open class MyClass { ... }`
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/invalidInstantiation1.err

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ Examples:
 * `123` uses literal syntax to create an instance of class `Int`.
 * `Pair(1, 2)` uses the `Pair()` constructor method to create an instance of class `Pair`.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/invalidInstantiation2.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at invalidInstantiation2#res1 (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/invalidInstant
 Abstract classes cannot be instantiated.
 Instead, instantiate a concrete subclass.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/unionTypesErrorAlias.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ xx | a = "other"
          ^^^^^^^
 at unionTypesErrorAlias#res1.a (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/unionTypesErrorAlias.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/unionTypesErrorDifferent1.err

@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ x | a = List(1, 3.14, 2)
         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at unionTypesErrorDifferent1#res1.a (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/unionTypesErrorDifferent1.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/unionTypesErrorDifferent2.err

@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ x | a = List(1, 2, 3)
         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at unionTypesErrorDifferent2#res1.a (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/unionTypesErrorDifferent2.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/unionTypesErrorMultipleAliases.err

@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ x | res1: Alias1|Alias2 = new Dynamic { }
                           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at unionTypesErrorMultipleAliases#res1 (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/unionTypesErrorMultipleAliases.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/unionTypesErrorNested.err

@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ x | a = Map(
         ^^^^
 at unionTypesErrorNested#res1.a (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/unionTypesErrorNested.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/unionTypesErrorSimple.err

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ x | a = 42
         ^^
 at unionTypesErrorSimple#res1.a (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/unionTypesErrorSimple.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/unionTypesErrorString1.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ x | a = "foox"
         ^^^^^^
 at unionTypesErrorString1#res1.a (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/unionTypesErrorString1.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/unionTypesErrorString2.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ xx | a = "other"
          ^^^^^^^
 at unionTypesErrorString2#res1.a (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/unionTypesErrorString2.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/wrongType1.err

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ x | name = 42
            ^^
 at wrongType1#pigeon.name (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/wrongType1.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/wrongType2.err

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ x | age = "42"
           ^^^^
 at wrongType2#pigeon.age (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/wrongType2.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/wrongType3.err

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ xx | address = "Howdy St."
                ^^^^^^^^^^^
 at wrongType3#person.address (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/wrongType3.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/wrongType4.err

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ xx | street = 4.gb
               ^^^^
 at wrongType4#person.address.street (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/wrongType4.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/classes/wrongType6.err

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ x | names: List<String>(!isEmpty)
     ^^^^^
 at wrongType6#Person.names (file:///$snippetsDir/input/classes/wrongType6.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/analyzeImportsCannotFindModule.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ x | res = analyze.importGraph(Set(reflect.Module(cannotFindModule).uri))
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at analyzeImportsCannotFindModule#res (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/analyzeImportsCannotFindModule.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/analyzeImportsInvalidGlob.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ x | res = analyze.importGraph(Set(reflect.Module(invalidGlob).uri))
                                                  ^^^^^^^^^^^
 at analyzeImportsInvalidGlob#res (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/analyzeImportsInvalidGlob.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/analyzeInvalidModuleUri.err

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ at analyzeInvalidModuleUri#result (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/analyzeInva
 
 Illegal character in path at index 3: foo <>
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/analyzeRelativeModuleUri.err

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ x | result = analyze.importGraph(Set("foo.pkl"))
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at analyzeRelativeModuleUri#result (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/analyzeRelativeModuleUri.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/anyConverterError.err

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 The top-level value of a Pcf document must have type `Typed` or `Dynamic`, but got type `String`.
 Value: "anyConverterError"
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
 This value was converted during rendering. Previous: new ModuleClass {}. After: "anyConverterError".
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/cannotAmendFixedProperty1.err

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ xx | bird {
      ^^^^
 at cannotAmendFixedProperty1#n (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/cannotAmendFixedProperty1.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/cannotAssignFixedProperty1.err

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ x | name = _name
     ^^^^
 at cannotAssignFixedProperty1#p (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/cannotAssignFixedProperty1.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/cannotAssignFixedProperty3.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ x | ...new Dynamic { name = "Osprey" }
                      ^^^^
 at cannotAssignFixedProperty3#p.name (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/cannotAssignFixedProperty3.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/cannotAssignToNothing.err

@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ x | value: nothing = "foo"
                      ^^^^^
 at cannotAssignToNothing#value (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/cannotAssignToNothing.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/cannotChangeFixed1.err

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ at cannotChangeFixed1#Dog (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/cannotChangeFixed1.
 
 Property `name` must be declared fixed, because it overrides a fixed property on parent class `cannotChangeFixed1#Animal`.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/cannotChangeFixed2.err

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ at cannotChangeFixed2#Dog (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/cannotChangeFixed2.
 
 Property `name` cannot be declared fixed, because it overrides a non-fixed property on parent class `cannotChangeFixed2#Animal`.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/cannotFindMapKey.err

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ Did you mean any of the following?
 "foyo"
 "xfoo"
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/cannotFindStdLibModule.err

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ pkl:EvaluatorSettings
 pkl:json
 pkl:jsonnet
 pkl:math
+pkl:pklbinary
 pkl:platform
 pkl:Project
 pkl:protobuf
@@ -31,10 +32,10 @@ x | res1 = nonExisting.bar
            ^^^^^^^^^^^
 at cannotFindStdLibModule#res1 (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/cannotFindStdLibModule.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/cannotInstantiateAbstractModule.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at cannotInstantiateAbstractModule#res1 (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/canno
 Abstract classes cannot be instantiated.
 Instead, instantiate a concrete subclass.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/cannotRenderMixin.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at pkl.base#PcfRenderer.renderDocument (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/cannot
 
 Consider adding a converter to `output.converters`.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constAnnotation.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to method `f1`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this method from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constAnnotation2.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to property `top`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this property from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constClassBody.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to property `notConst`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this property from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constExplicitThis.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to property `a`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this property from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constExplicitThisMethod.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to method `a`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this method from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constFunctionCallingNonConst.err

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ x | res = constFunctionCallingNonConst().apply("prefix")
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at constFunctionCallingNonConst#res (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/const/constFunctionCallingNonConst.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constImplicitThis.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to property `a`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this property from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constImplicitThisMethod.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to method `a`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this method from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constLexicalScope.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to property `bar`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this property from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constLocalMethod.err

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ x | res = foo()
           ^^^^^
 at constLocalMethod#obj.res (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/const/constLocalMethod.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constLocalProperty.err

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ x | res2 = qux
            ^^^
 at constLocalProperty#foo.res2 (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/const/constLocalProperty.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constMethod.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to method `fun`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this method from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constMethod2.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to method `bar`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this method from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constModule.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to property `notConst`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this property from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constOuter.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to property `notConst`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this property from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constOuter2.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to property `name`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this property from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constQualified.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to property `notConstDyn`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this property from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constSubclass.err

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ at constSubclass#Bar (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/const/constSubclass.pkl)
 
 Property `x` must be declared const, because it overrides a const property on parent class `constSubclass#Foo`.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constSubclass2.err

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ at constSubclass2#Bar (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/const/constSubclass2.pk
 
 Property `x` cannot be declared const, because it overrides a non-const property on parent class `constSubclass2#Foo`.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constSuper.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to property `bar`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this property from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constSuperMethod.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ To fix, do either of:
 1. Add modifier `const` to method `bar`
 2. Self-import this module, and reference this method from the import.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/const/constTypeAliasConstraint.err

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ x | myValue: MyValue = 1
                        ^
 at constTypeAliasConstraint#myValue (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/const/constTypeAliasConstraint.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/constraintDetails1.err

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ x | birds: Listing(firstOneIsSandy) = new {
                                       ^^^^^
 at constraintDetails1#birds (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/constraintDetails1.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/constraintDetails2.err

@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ x | new {
     ^^^^^
 at constraintDetails2#birds (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/constraintDetails2.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/constraintDetails3.err

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ x | foo: Listing(toList().every((it: Listing<Bird>) -> it[0].name == "Bob")) = n
                                                                                ^^^^^
 at constraintDetails3#foo (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/constraintDetails3.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/decodingException.err

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ x | res = Bytes(0xc0, 0xc1).decodeToString("UTF-8")
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at decodingException#res (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/decodingException.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/extendExternalClass.err

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ at extendExternalClass#Person (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/extendExternalC
 
 External classes can only be extended by standard library classes.
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/extendTypeAlias.err

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ x | class Baz extends Bar
                       ^^^
 at extendTypeAlias#Baz (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/extendTypeAlias.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/forGeneratorCannotIterateOverThisValue.err

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ x | for (n in 5) { n }
               ^
 at forGeneratorCannotIterateOverThisValue#foo (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/forGeneratorCannotIterateOverThisValue.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/forGeneratorCannotIterateOverTyped.err

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ x | for (_ in new Person {}) { 42 }
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at forGeneratorCannotIterateOverTyped#foo (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/forGeneratorCannotIterateOverTyped.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/forGeneratorWrongVariableName.err

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ x | ["\(idx)_2"] = o // at this point, `o` should be out of scope
                    ^
 at forGeneratorWrongVariableName#res[#2] (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/forGeneratorWrongVariableName.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/fullStackTraces.err

@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ xx | foo = f2()
            ^^^^
 at fullStackTraces#Foo.foo (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/fullStackTraces.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/fullStackTraces2.err

@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ x | foo = top
           ^^^
 at fullStackTraces2#Foo.foo (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/fullStackTraces2.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/functionNotFoundInClass.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at functionNotFoundInClass#res1 (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/functionNotFo
 Did you mean any of the following?
 bar(x)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/functionNotFoundInModule.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at functionNotFoundInModule#res1 (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/functionNotF
 Did you mean any of the following?
 bar(x)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/functionNotFoundInScope.err

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ fooa()
 fooc
 foob(x)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/functionNotFoundMaybeLambda.err

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ Did you mean any of the following?
 listing.apply(...)
 Listing
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/functionNotFoundMaybeProperty.err

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ at functionNotFoundMaybeProperty#call (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/functio
 Did you mean any of the following?
 prop
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/intrinsifiedTypeAlias1.err

@@ -2,18 +2,18 @@
 Expected value of type `Int`, but got type `String`.
 Value: "abc"
 
-xxx | typealias Int16 = Int(isBetween(-32768, 32767))
-                        ^^^
+xxxx | typealias Int16 = Int(isBetween(-32768, 32767))
+                         ^^^
 at intrinsifiedTypeAlias1#res1 (pkl:base)
 
 x | res1: Int16 = "abc"
                   ^^^^^
 at intrinsifiedTypeAlias1#res1 (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/intrinsifiedTypeAlias1.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/intrinsifiedTypeAlias2.err

@@ -2,18 +2,18 @@
 Type constraint `isBetween(0, 65535)` violated.
 Value: -1
 
-xxx | typealias UInt16 = Int(isBetween(0, 65535))
-                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxxx | typealias UInt16 = Int(isBetween(0, 65535))
+                              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at intrinsifiedTypeAlias2#res1 (pkl:base)
 
 x | res1: UInt16 = -1
                    ^^
 at intrinsifiedTypeAlias2#res1 (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/intrinsifiedTypeAlias2.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/intrinsifiedTypeAlias3.err

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ x | res1: NonNull = null
                     ^^^^
 at intrinsifiedTypeAlias3#res1 (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/intrinsifiedTypeAlias3.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)

pkl-core/src/test/files/LanguageSnippetTests/output/errors/intrinsifiedTypeAlias4.err

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ x | res1: Uri = 42
                 ^^
 at intrinsifiedTypeAlias4#res1 (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/intrinsifiedTypeAlias4.pkl)
 
-xxx | text = renderer.renderDocument(value)
-             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+xxx | renderer.renderDocument(value)
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.text (pkl:base)
 
-xxx | bytes = text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
-              ^^^^
+xxx | if (renderer is BytesRenderer) renderer.renderDocument(value) else text.encodeToBytes("UTF-8")
+                                                                         ^^^^
 at pkl.base#Module.output.bytes (pkl:base)