Add this as a self type (#1708)

2026-09-03 02:47:12 +02:00 · 2026-09-02 09:04:15 -07:00
parent 1208fa9438
commit 2b697015c7
305 changed files with 1487 additions and 561 deletions
@@ -751,6 +751,12 @@ class JavaCodeGenerator(
    when (this) {
      PType.UNKNOWN -> OBJECT.nullableIf(nullable)
      PType.NOTHING -> TypeName.VOID
+      PType.MODULE,
+      PType.THIS ->
+        // TODO: support self types: `class Foo<T extends Foo<T>>`
+        throw JavaCodeGeneratorException(
+          "Pkl `${this}` types are not supported by the Java code generator."
+        )
      is PType.StringLiteral -> STRING.nullableIf(nullable)
      is PType.Class -> {
        // if in doubt, spell it out
@@ -649,6 +649,12 @@ class KotlinCodeGenerator(
    when (this) {
      PType.UNKNOWN -> ANY_NULL
      PType.NOTHING -> NOTHING
+      PType.MODULE,
+      PType.THIS ->
+        // TODO: support self types: `class Foo<T extends Foo<T>>`
+        throw KotlinCodeGeneratorException(
+          "Pkl `${this}` types are not supported by the Kotlin code generator."
+        )
      is PType.StringLiteral -> STRING
      is PType.Class -> {
        // if in doubt, spell it out
@@ -57,6 +57,17 @@ public abstract class PType implements Serializable {
        }
      };

+  /** The {@code this} type. */
+  public static final PType THIS =
+      new PType() {
+        @Serial private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+          return "this";
+        }
+      };
+
  private PType() {}

  public List<PType> getTypeArguments() {
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ import org.pkl.core.ast.expression.primary.GetMemberKeyNode;
 import org.pkl.core.ast.expression.primary.GetModuleNode;
 import org.pkl.core.ast.expression.primary.GetModuleOwnerNode;
 import org.pkl.core.ast.expression.primary.GetOwnerNode;
+import org.pkl.core.ast.expression.primary.GetReceiverClassNode;
 import org.pkl.core.ast.expression.primary.GetReceiverNode;
 import org.pkl.core.ast.expression.primary.GetTypeAliasModuleNode;
 import org.pkl.core.ast.expression.primary.OuterNode;
@@ -208,6 +209,7 @@ import org.pkl.core.stdlib.registry.ExternalMemberRegistry;
 import org.pkl.core.stdlib.registry.MemberRegistryFactory;
 import org.pkl.core.util.CollectionUtils;
 import org.pkl.core.util.EconomicMaps;
+import org.pkl.core.util.ErrorMessages;
 import org.pkl.core.util.IoUtils;
 import org.pkl.core.util.Pair;
 import org.pkl.parser.Span;
@@ -279,6 +281,7 @@ import org.pkl.parser.syntax.Type.NothingType;
 import org.pkl.parser.syntax.Type.NullableType;
 import org.pkl.parser.syntax.Type.ParenthesizedType;
 import org.pkl.parser.syntax.Type.StringConstantType;
+import org.pkl.parser.syntax.Type.ThisType;
 import org.pkl.parser.syntax.Type.UnionType;
 import org.pkl.parser.syntax.Type.UnknownType;
 import org.pkl.parser.syntax.TypeAlias;
@@ -370,7 +373,105 @@ public class AstBuilder extends AbstractAstBuilder<Object> {

  @Override
  public UnresolvedTypeNode visitModuleType(ModuleType type) {
-    return new UnresolvedTypeNode.Module(createSourceSection(type));
+    var sourceSection = createSourceSection(type);
+    checkModuleType(type, sourceSection);
+    return new UnresolvedTypeNode.Module(sourceSection);
+  }
+
+  private void checkModuleType(ModuleType type, SourceSection sourceSection) {
+    // `class X extends module` is fine
+    if (type.parent() instanceof Class classNode && classNode.getSuperClass() == type) {
+      return;
+    }
+    var currentScope = symbolTable.getCurrentScope();
+    if (!currentScope.getConstLevel().isConst()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    String errorMessage = null;
+    // only classes/typealiases/annotations will apply "MODULE" const level
+    if (currentScope.getConstLevel() == ConstLevel.MODULE) {
+      for (var scope = currentScope; scope != null; scope = scope.getParent()) {
+        if (scope.isAnnotationScope()) {
+          errorMessage = ErrorMessages.create("invalidModuleTypeInAnnotation");
+          break;
+        } else if (scope.isClassScope()) {
+          errorMessage = ErrorMessages.create("invalidModuleTypeInClass");
+          break;
+        } else if (scope.isTypeAliasScope()) {
+          errorMessage = ErrorMessages.create("invalidModuleTypeInTypeAlias");
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // Only properties and methods will apply "ALL" const level
+    else {
+      for (var scope = currentScope; scope != null; scope = scope.getParent()) {
+        if (scope.isPropertyScope() || scope.isMethodScope()) {
+          var parentScope = scope.getParent();
+          assert parentScope != null;
+          // if the parent also has "ALL", we haven't found the originating const property/method
+          // yet.
+          if (parentScope.getConstLevel() == ConstLevel.ALL) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          var message =
+              scope.isPropertyScope() ? "invalidModuleTypeInProperty" : "invalidModuleTypeInMethod";
+          errorMessage = ErrorMessages.create(message, scope.getQualifiedName());
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    assert errorMessage != null;
+    // TODO: when making this an error, update comment on moduleClass in ReferenceTypeNode.eval
+    VmContext.get(null)
+        .getLogger()
+        .warn(
+            errorMessage + " This will be an error in a future release.",
+            VmUtils.createStackFrame(sourceSection, null));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public UnresolvedTypeNode visitThisType(ThisType type) {
+    var sourceSection = createSourceSection(type);
+    // need to pass explicit class name for property and method arg/return type annotations.
+    // this is because type annotations on class properties/methods are initialized when the
+    // ClassNode
+    // is executed, and the frame's receiver is the enclosing module rather than the class.
+    // do not need: when in any object or at the module level (where `this` is the receiver's class)
+    org.pkl.core.runtime.Identifier className = null;
+    for (var scope = symbolTable.getCurrentScope(); scope != null; scope = scope.getParent()) {
+      if (scope.isObjectScope() || scope.isCustomThisScope()) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (scope instanceof ClassScope foundClassScope) {
+        className = foundClassScope.getName();
+        break;
+      }
+      // it's still safe to break on ObjectScope because this is valid:
+      // typealias Foo = List(any((it) -> it == new Dynamic { it is this })) // this == Dynamic
+      if (scope.isTypeAliasScope()) {
+        throw exceptionBuilder()
+            .withSourceSection(sourceSection)
+            .evalError("invalidThisTypeInTypeAlias")
+            .build();
+      }
+    }
+
+    ExpressionNode getClassNode;
+    if (isBaseModule && className != null) {
+      getClassNode = new GetBaseModuleClassNode(className);
+    } else if (className == null) {
+      getClassNode = new GetReceiverClassNode(sourceSection);
+    } else if (className.isLocalProp()) {
+      getClassNode =
+          new ReadQualifiedLocalPropertyNode(
+              sourceSection, className, false, new GetModuleNode(sourceSection));
+    } else {
+      getClassNode =
+          ReadPropertyNodeGen.create(
+              sourceSection, className, false, new GetModuleNode(sourceSection));
+    }
+    return new UnresolvedTypeNode.This(sourceSection, getClassNode);
  }

  @Override
@@ -410,6 +410,18 @@ public final class SymbolTable {
      return curr;
    }

+    public final boolean isAnnotationScope() {
+      return this instanceof AnnotationScope;
+    }
+
+    public final boolean isPropertyScope() {
+      return this instanceof PropertyScope;
+    }
+
+    public final boolean isMethodScope() {
+      return this instanceof MethodScope;
+    }
+
    public final boolean isLetScope() {
      return this instanceof LetExpressionScope;
    }
@@ -422,6 +434,10 @@ public final class SymbolTable {
      return this instanceof ClassScope;
    }

+    public final boolean isObjectScope() {
+      return this instanceof ObjectScope;
+    }
+
    public final boolean isClassMemberScope() {
      var effectiveScope = skipLambdaAndLetScopes();
      var parent = effectiveScope.parent;
@@ -454,6 +470,10 @@ public final class SymbolTable {
      return this instanceof ForGeneratorScope;
    }

+    public final boolean isTypeAliasScope() {
+      return this instanceof TypeAliasScope;
+    }
+
    public ConstLevel getConstLevel() {
      return constLevel;
    }
@@ -1010,7 +1030,6 @@ public final class SymbolTable {

    @Override
    public @Nullable VariableResolution doResolveProperty(String name, int levelsUp) {
-
      var member = properties.get(name);
      if (member == null) return null;
      return new LexicalProperty(false, member.modifiers, levelsUp);
@@ -1018,7 +1037,6 @@ public final class SymbolTable {

    @Override
    public @Nullable MethodResolution doResolveMethod(String name, int levelsUp) {
-
      var member = methods.get(name);
      if (member == null) return null;
      return new LexicalMethod(false, isClosed, false, member.modifiers, levelsUp);
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ import org.pkl.core.runtime.VmUtils;
@NodeInfo(shortName = "module")
 public final class GetModuleNode extends ExpressionNode {

+  // NB: When used in an open module, this may resolve to instances of a regular class that extends
+  // the module.
+
  public GetModuleNode(SourceSection sourceSection) {
    super(sourceSection);
  }
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2024-2026 Apple Inc. and the Pkl project authors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.pkl.core.ast.expression.primary;
+
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.VirtualFrame;
+import com.oracle.truffle.api.source.SourceSection;
+import org.pkl.core.ast.ExpressionNode;
+import org.pkl.core.runtime.VmUtils;
+
+public final class GetReceiverClassNode extends ExpressionNode {
+
+  public GetReceiverClassNode(SourceSection sourceSection) {
+    super(sourceSection);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object executeGeneric(VirtualFrame frame) {
+    return VmUtils.getClass(VmUtils.getReceiver(frame));
+  }
+}
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ public final class GetParentForTypeNode extends ExpressionNode {
    var defaultValue =
        typeNode.createDefaultValue(frame, VmLanguage.get(this), sourceSection, qualifiedName);

-    // can't cache default value for `module` type in a non-final module because it's a self-type
-    // (the default value changes when inherited).
+    // can't cache default value for `module`/`this` types in a non-final modules/classes because
+    // they're self types (the default value changes when inherited).
    if (typeNode.isFinalType() && defaultValue != null) {
      unresolvedTypeNode = null;
      this.defaultValue = defaultValue;
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ import org.pkl.core.TypeParameter;
 import org.pkl.core.ast.*;
 import org.pkl.core.ast.builder.SymbolTable.CustomThisScope;
 import org.pkl.core.ast.expression.primary.GetModuleNode;
+import org.pkl.core.ast.expression.primary.GetReceiverClassNode;
+import org.pkl.core.ast.expression.primary.GetReceiverNode;
 import org.pkl.core.ast.frame.WriteFrameSlotNode;
 import org.pkl.core.ast.frame.WriteFrameSlotNodeGen;
 import org.pkl.core.ast.internal.SyntheticNode;
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ import org.pkl.core.ast.member.ListingOrMappingTypeCastNode;
 import org.pkl.core.ast.member.ObjectMember;
 import org.pkl.core.ast.member.UntypedObjectMemberNode;
 import org.pkl.core.runtime.*;
+import org.pkl.core.stdlib.VmObjectFactory;
 import org.pkl.core.util.EconomicMaps;
 import org.pkl.core.util.EconomicSets;
 import org.pkl.core.util.LateInit;
@@ -144,7 +147,7 @@ public abstract class TypeNode extends PklNode {
        true,
        typeNode -> {
          // assumption: don't need to worry about `NonFinalClassTypeNode`
-          if (typeNode instanceof NonFinalModuleTypeNode) {
+          if (typeNode instanceof NonFinalSelfTypeNode) {
            ret.set(false);
            return false;
          }
@@ -411,43 +414,61 @@ public abstract class TypeNode extends PklNode {
    }
  }

-  /** The `module` type for a final module. */
-  public static final class FinalModuleTypeNode extends ObjectSlotTypeNode {
-    private final VmClass moduleClass;
+  /** The `module` or `this` type for a final module or class. */
+  public static final class FinalSelfTypeNode extends ObjectSlotTypeNode {
+    private final VmClass clazz;
+    private final PType pType;
+    private final VmObjectFactory<Void> mirrorFactory;

-    public FinalModuleTypeNode(SourceSection sourceSection, VmClass moduleClass) {
+    private FinalSelfTypeNode(
+        SourceSection sourceSection,
+        VmClass clazz,
+        PType pType,
+        VmObjectFactory<Void> mirrorFactory) {
      super(sourceSection);
-      this.moduleClass = moduleClass;
+      this.clazz = clazz;
+      this.pType = pType;
+      this.mirrorFactory = mirrorFactory;
+    }
+
+    public static FinalSelfTypeNode moduleType(SourceSection sourceSection, VmClass clazz) {
+      return new FinalSelfTypeNode(
+          sourceSection, clazz, PType.MODULE, MirrorFactories.moduleTypeFactory);
+    }
+
+    public static FinalSelfTypeNode thisType(SourceSection sourceSection, VmClass clazz) {
+      return new FinalSelfTypeNode(
+          sourceSection, clazz, PType.THIS, MirrorFactories.thisTypeFactory);
    }

    @Override
    protected Object executeLazily(VirtualFrame frame, Object value) {
-      if (value instanceof VmTyped typed && typed.getVmClass() == moduleClass) return value;
+      if (VmUtils.getClass(value) == clazz) return value;

-      throw typeMismatch(value, moduleClass);
+      throw typeMismatch(value, clazz);
    }

    @Override
    public VmTyped getMirror() {
-      return MirrorFactories.moduleTypeFactory.create(null);
+      return mirrorFactory.create(null);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean doIsEquivalentTo(TypeNode other) {
-      if (!(other instanceof FinalModuleTypeNode finalModuleTypeNode)) {
+      if (!(other instanceof FinalSelfTypeNode finalSelfTypeNode)) {
        return false;
      }
-      return moduleClass.equals(finalModuleTypeNode.moduleClass);
+      return clazz.equals(finalSelfTypeNode.clazz);
    }

    @Override
    protected PType doExport() {
-      return PType.MODULE;
+      return pType;
    }

    @Override
    public VmClass getVmClass() {
-      return moduleClass;
+      return clazz;
    }

    @Override
@@ -461,54 +482,77 @@ public abstract class TypeNode extends PklNode {
        VmLanguage language,
        SourceSection headerSection,
        String qualifiedName) {
-      return TypeNode.createDefaultValue(moduleClass);
+      return TypeNode.createDefaultValue(clazz);
    }
  }

-  /** The `module` type for an open module. */
-  public static final class NonFinalModuleTypeNode extends ObjectSlotTypeNode {
-    private final VmClass moduleClass; // only used by getVmClass()
-    @Child private ExpressionNode getModuleNode;
+  /** The `module` or `this` type for an open module or class. */
+  public static final class NonFinalSelfTypeNode extends ObjectSlotTypeNode {
+    private final VmClass clazz; // only used by getVmClass()
+    @Child private ExpressionNode getTargetNode;
+    private final PType pType;
+    private final VmObjectFactory<Void> mirrorFactory;

-    public NonFinalModuleTypeNode(SourceSection sourceSection, VmClass moduleClass) {
+    private NonFinalSelfTypeNode(
+        SourceSection sourceSection,
+        VmClass clazz,
+        ExpressionNode getTargetNode,
+        PType pType,
+        VmObjectFactory<Void> mirrorFactory) {
      super(sourceSection);
-      this.moduleClass = moduleClass;
-      getModuleNode = new GetModuleNode(sourceSection);
+      this.clazz = clazz;
+      this.getTargetNode = getTargetNode;
+      this.pType = pType;
+      this.mirrorFactory = mirrorFactory;
+    }
+
+    public static NonFinalSelfTypeNode moduleType(SourceSection sourceSection, VmClass clazz) {
+      return new NonFinalSelfTypeNode(
+          sourceSection,
+          clazz,
+          new GetModuleNode(sourceSection),
+          PType.MODULE,
+          MirrorFactories.moduleTypeFactory);
+    }
+
+    public static NonFinalSelfTypeNode thisType(SourceSection sourceSection, VmClass clazz) {
+      return new NonFinalSelfTypeNode(
+          sourceSection, clazz, new GetReceiverNode(), PType.THIS, MirrorFactories.thisTypeFactory);
    }

    @Override
    protected Object executeLazily(VirtualFrame frame, Object value) {
-      var moduleClass = ((VmTyped) getModuleNode.executeGeneric(frame)).getVmClass();
+      var clazz = ((VmObjectLike) getTargetNode.executeGeneric(frame)).getVmClass();

      if (value instanceof VmTyped typed) {
        var valueClass = typed.getVmClass();
-        if (moduleClass.isSuperclassOf(valueClass)) return value;
+        if (clazz.isSuperclassOf(valueClass)) return value;
      }

-      throw typeMismatch(value, moduleClass);
+      throw typeMismatch(value, clazz);
    }

    @Override
    public VmTyped getMirror() {
-      return MirrorFactories.moduleTypeFactory.create(null);
+      return mirrorFactory.create(null);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean doIsEquivalentTo(TypeNode other) {
-      if (!(other instanceof NonFinalModuleTypeNode nonFinalModuleTypeNode)) {
+      if (!(other instanceof NonFinalSelfTypeNode nonFinalSelfTypeNode)) {
        return false;
      }
-      return moduleClass.equals(nonFinalModuleTypeNode.moduleClass);
+      return clazz.equals(nonFinalSelfTypeNode.clazz);
    }

    @Override
    protected PType doExport() {
-      return PType.MODULE;
+      return pType;
    }

    @Override
    public VmClass getVmClass() {
-      return moduleClass;
+      return clazz;
    }

    @Override
@@ -522,8 +566,8 @@ public abstract class TypeNode extends PklNode {
        VmLanguage language,
        SourceSection headerSection,
        String qualifiedName) {
-      var moduleClass = ((VmTyped) getModuleNode.executeGeneric(frame)).getVmClass();
-      return TypeNode.createDefaultValue(moduleClass);
+      var clazz = ((VmObjectLike) getTargetNode.executeGeneric(frame)).getVmClass();
+      return TypeNode.createDefaultValue(clazz);
    }
  }

@@ -1954,7 +1998,7 @@ public abstract class TypeNode extends PklNode {
    protected final PType doExport() {
      var parameterTypes =
          Arrays.stream(parameterTypeNodes).map(TypeNode::export).collect(Collectors.toList());
-      return new PType.Function(parameterTypes, TypeNode.export(returnTypeNode));
+      return new PType.Function(parameterTypes, returnTypeNode.doExport());
    }

    @Override
@@ -2005,8 +2049,7 @@ public abstract class TypeNode extends PklNode {

    @Override
    protected final PType doExport() {
-      return new PType.Class(
-          BaseModule.getFunctionClass().export(), TypeNode.export(typeArgumentNode));
+      return new PType.Class(BaseModule.getFunctionClass().export(), typeArgumentNode.doExport());
    }

    @Specialization
@@ -2119,6 +2162,7 @@ public abstract class TypeNode extends PklNode {
  public abstract static class ReferenceTypeNode extends ValidatingObjectSlotTypeNode {
    @Child private TypeNode domainTypeNode;
    @Child private TypeNode referentTypeNode;
+    @Child private ExpressionNode getReceiverClassNode;
    @Child private ExpressionNode getModuleNode;

    public ReferenceTypeNode(
@@ -2126,6 +2170,7 @@ public abstract class TypeNode extends PklNode {
      super(sourceSection);
      this.domainTypeNode = domainTypeNode;
      this.referentTypeNode = referentTypeNode;
+      this.getReceiverClassNode = new GetReceiverClassNode(sourceSection);
      this.getModuleNode = new GetModuleNode(sourceSection);
      validate();
    }
@@ -2168,25 +2213,30 @@ public abstract class TypeNode extends PklNode {
      } catch (VmTypeMismatchException e) {
        CompilerDirectives.transferToInterpreter();
        throw new VmTypeMismatchException.Reference(
-            sourceSection,
-            value,
-            TypeNode.export(domainTypeNode),
-            TypeNode.export(referentTypeNode));
+            sourceSection, value, domainTypeNode.doExport(), referentTypeNode.doExport());
      }

-      var module = (VmTyped) getModuleNode.executeGeneric(frame);
-      return doEval(value, module);
+      // NB: this is correct because the `this` type is not allowed in typealias bodies.
+      // So `this` can only correspond to the receiver where the type check/annotation is written.
+      var thisClass = ((VmClass) getReceiverClassNode.executeGeneric(frame));
+
+      // NB: This will be wrong for deprecated usage of the `module` type in typealias bodies.
+      // It will always resolve to the module where the type check/annotation is written
+      // not the type itself. This is no _more_ broken than it was before.
+      var moduleClass = VmUtils.getClass(getModuleNode.executeGeneric(frame));
+
+      return doEval(value, thisClass, moduleClass);
    }

    @TruffleBoundary
-    private Object doEval(VmReference value, VmTyped module) {
-      var referentType = TypeNode.export(referentTypeNode);
-      if (value.referentTypeIsSubtypeOf(referentType, module.getVmClass().export())) {
+    private Object doEval(VmReference value, VmClass thisClass, VmClass moduleClass) {
+      var referentType = referentTypeNode.doExport();
+      if (value.referentTypeIsSubtypeOf(referentType, thisClass.export(), moduleClass.export())) {
        return value;
      }

      throw new VmTypeMismatchException.Reference(
-          sourceSection, value, TypeNode.export(domainTypeNode), referentType);
+          sourceSection, value, domainTypeNode.doExport(), referentType);
    }

    @Fallback
@@ -2739,6 +2789,7 @@ public abstract class TypeNode extends PklNode {
      return aliasedTypeNode.executeLazily(frame, value);
    }

+    /** See docstring on {@link TypeAliasTypeNode#executeLazily}. */
    @Override
    public Object executeEagerly(VirtualFrame frame, Object value) {
      return aliasedTypeNode.executeEagerly(frame, value);
@@ -3334,6 +3385,7 @@ public abstract class TypeNode extends PklNode {
    if (clazz.isInstantiable()) {
      if (clazz.isListingClass()) return VmListing.empty();
      if (clazz.isMappingClass()) return VmMapping.empty();
+      if (clazz.isDynamicClass()) return VmDynamic.empty();
      return clazz.getPrototype();
    }

@@ -103,8 +103,28 @@ public abstract class UnresolvedTypeNode extends PklNode {
      var module = (VmTyped) getModuleNode.executeGeneric(frame);
      var moduleClass = module.getVmClass();
      return moduleClass.isClosed()
-          ? new FinalModuleTypeNode(sourceSection, moduleClass)
-          : new NonFinalModuleTypeNode(sourceSection, moduleClass);
+          ? FinalSelfTypeNode.moduleType(sourceSection, moduleClass)
+          : NonFinalSelfTypeNode.moduleType(sourceSection, moduleClass);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** The `this` type. */
+  public static final class This extends UnresolvedTypeNode {
+    @Child private ExpressionNode getClassNode;
+
+    public This(SourceSection sourceSection, ExpressionNode getClassNode) {
+      super(sourceSection);
+      this.getClassNode = getClassNode;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TypeNode execute(VirtualFrame frame) {
+      CompilerDirectives.transferToInterpreter();
+
+      var clazz = (VmClass) getClassNode.executeGeneric(frame);
+      return clazz.isClosed()
+          ? FinalSelfTypeNode.thisType(sourceSection, clazz)
+          : NonFinalSelfTypeNode.thisType(sourceSection, clazz);
    }
  }

@@ -97,6 +97,9 @@ public final class MirrorFactories {
  public static final VmObjectFactory<Void> moduleTypeFactory =
      new VmObjectFactory<>(ReflectModule::getModuleTypeClass);

+  public static final VmObjectFactory<Void> thisTypeFactory =
+      new VmObjectFactory<>(ReflectModule::getThisTypeClass);
+
  public static final VmObjectFactory<Void> unknownTypeFactory =
      new VmObjectFactory<>(ReflectModule::getUnknownTypeClass);

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright © 2024 Apple Inc. and the Pkl project authors. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright © 2024-2026 Apple Inc. and the Pkl project authors. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@ public final class ReflectModule extends StdLibModule {
    return ModuleTypeClass.instance;
  }

+  public static VmClass getThisTypeClass() {
+    return ThisTypeClass.instance;
+  }
+
  public static VmClass getFunctionTypeClass() {
    return FunctionTypeClass.instance;
  }
@@ -152,6 +156,10 @@ public final class ReflectModule extends StdLibModule {
    static final VmClass instance = loadClass("ModuleType");
  }

+  private static final class ThisTypeClass {
+    static final VmClass instance = loadClass("ThisType");
+  }
+
  private static final class FunctionTypeClass {
    static final VmClass instance = loadClass("FunctionType");
  }
@@ -57,11 +57,7 @@ public final class VmReference extends VmValue {

  @TruffleBoundary
  public VmReference(VmTyped domain, VmClass clazz, Object data) {
-    this(
-        domain,
-        data,
-        RrbTree.empty(),
-        normalizeTypes(new PType.Class(clazz.export()), clazz.getModule().getVmClass().export()));
+    this(domain, data, RrbTree.empty(), normalizeTypes(new PType.Class(clazz.export())));
  }

  public VmReference(VmTyped domain, Object data, ImRrbt<VmTyped> path, PType referentType) {
@@ -92,14 +88,18 @@ public final class VmReference extends VmValue {
  // * transforming T? into T|Null
  // * dereferencing aliases (except for well-known stdlib alias types)
  // * flattening unions
-  // * when moduleClass is supplied, replace PType.MODULE with appropriate PType.Class
  // * drop PType.Function and PType.TypeVariable
-  private static PType normalizeTypes(PType type, PClass moduleClass) {
+  private static PType normalizeTypes(
+      PType type, @Nullable PType thisClass, @Nullable PType moduleClass) {
    var types = new HashSet<PType>();
-    normalizeTypes(type, moduleClass, types);
+    normalizeTypes(type, types, thisClass, moduleClass);
    return minimizeTypes(types);
  }

+  private static PType normalizeTypes(PType type) {
+    return normalizeTypes(type, null, null);
+  }
+
  private static PType minimizeTypes(Set<PType> types) {
    if (types.size() == 1) return types.iterator().next();
    // optimization: unknown allows all references, erase all candidates to only unknown
@@ -112,7 +112,8 @@ public final class VmReference extends VmValue {
    return new PType.Union(typesList);
  }

-  private static void normalizeTypes(PType type, PClass moduleClass, Set<PType> result) {
+  private static void normalizeTypes(
+      PType type, Set<PType> result, @Nullable PType thisClass, @Nullable PType moduleClass) {
    if (type == PType.UNKNOWN || type == PType.NOTHING || type instanceof PType.StringLiteral) {
      result.add(type);
    } else if (type instanceof PType.Class clazz) {
@@ -128,35 +129,51 @@ public final class VmReference extends VmValue {
      } else {
        var typeArgs = new ArrayList<PType>(clazz.getTypeArguments().size());
        for (var arg : clazz.getTypeArguments()) {
-          typeArgs.add(normalizeTypes(arg, moduleClass));
+          typeArgs.add(normalizeTypes(arg, thisClass, moduleClass));
        }
        result.add(new PType.Class(clazz.getPClass(), typeArgs));
      }
    }
    // normalize `T?` to `T | Null`
    else if (type instanceof PType.Nullable nullable) {
-      normalizeTypes(nullable.getBaseType(), moduleClass, result);
+      normalizeTypes(nullable.getBaseType(), result, thisClass, moduleClass);
      result.add(new PType.Class(BaseModule.getNullClass().export()));
      // erase `T(someConstraint)` to `T`
    } else if (type instanceof PType.Constrained constrained) {
-      normalizeTypes(constrained.getBaseType(), moduleClass, result);
+      normalizeTypes(constrained.getBaseType(), result, thisClass, moduleClass);
    } else if (type instanceof PType.Alias alias) {
      if (isPreservedTypeAlias(alias.getTypeAlias())) {
        result.add(alias);
      } else {
-        normalizeTypes(alias.getAliasedType(), alias.getTypeAlias().getModuleClass(), result);
+        normalizeTypes(alias.getAliasedType(), result, thisClass, moduleClass);
      }
    } else if (type instanceof PType.Union union) {
      for (var t : union.getElementTypes()) {
-        normalizeTypes(t, moduleClass, result);
+        normalizeTypes(t, result, thisClass, moduleClass);
      }
+    } else if (type == PType.THIS) {
+      assert thisClass != null;
+      // there are 4 entrypoints here:
+      // 1. init via the Reference constructor can only normalize an unparameterized PType.Class
+      // 2. typecheck via ReferenceTypeNode erases self types to their actual PType.Class
+      // 3. subscript access can only be achieved by first performing property access, at which time
+      // self types are erased
+      // 4. property access uses the enclosing receiver's class to substitute for these self types
+      // only property access and typecheck can produce THIS or MODULE.
+      // getCandidatePropertyType and referentTypeIsSubtypeOf always pass non-null `thisClass`.
+      result.add(thisClass);
    } else if (type == PType.MODULE) {
-      result.add(new PType.Class(moduleClass));
+      // this can be incorrect for usage of the module type in a class's property type annotation,
+      // which is deprecated!!
+      assert moduleClass != null;
+      // see PType.THIS case above
+      result.add(moduleClass);
    } else {
      // remaining types: PType.Function, PType.TypeVariable. no normalizing needed; TypeVariable
      // gets replaced upon instantiation, and Function can bubble up to users as a reference error
      // if accessed.
      result.add(type);
+      // PType.MODULE and PType.THIS can never be encountered here; caller must deref self types
    }
  }

@@ -243,7 +260,8 @@ public final class VmReference extends VmValue {
      throw new VmReferenceAccessError(type, VmReferenceAccessErrorType.EXTERNAL_MEMBER);
    }

-    normalizeTypes(prop.getType(), clazz.getPClass().getModuleClass(), result);
+    normalizeTypes(
+        prop.getType(), result, clazz, new PType.Class(clazz.getPClass().getModuleClass()));
  }

  private static PClassInfo<?> getClassInfo(Object value) {
@@ -273,19 +291,19 @@ public final class VmReference extends VmValue {
      if (!(key instanceof Long)) {
        throw new VmReferenceAccessError(type, VmReferenceAccessErrorType.CANNOT_FIND_MEMBER);
      }
-      normalizeTypes(clazz.getTypeArguments().get(0), clazz.getPClass().getModuleClass(), result);
+      normalizeTypes(clazz.getTypeArguments().get(0), result, null, null);
      return;
    }
    if (clazz.getPClass().getInfo() == PClassInfo.Mapping
        || clazz.getPClass().getInfo() == PClassInfo.Map) {
      var typeArgs = clazz.getTypeArguments();
-      var keyTypes = normalizeTypes(typeArgs.get(0), clazz.getPClass().getModuleClass());
+      var keyTypes = normalizeTypes(typeArgs.get(0));
      for (var kt : iterateTypes(keyTypes)) {
        if (kt == PType.UNKNOWN
            || (kt instanceof PType.Class klazz && klazz.getPClass().getInfo() == getClassInfo(key))
            || (kt instanceof PType.StringLiteral stringLiteral
                && stringLiteral.getLiteral().equals(key))) {
-          normalizeTypes(typeArgs.get(1), clazz.getPClass().getModuleClass(), result);
+          normalizeTypes(typeArgs.get(1), result, null, null);
          return;
        }
      }
@@ -303,13 +321,14 @@ public final class VmReference extends VmValue {
  /**
   * Tells if this reference's referent type is a subtype of {@code type}. Does not check domain.
   */
-  public boolean referentTypeIsSubtypeOf(PType type, PClass moduleClass) {
+  @TruffleBoundary
+  public boolean referentTypeIsSubtypeOf(PType type, PClass thisClass, PClass moduleClass) {
    // fast path: if referent is unknown it can match any type check
    if (referentType == PType.UNKNOWN) {
      return true;
    }

-    var checkType = normalizeTypes(type, moduleClass);
+    var checkType = normalizeTypes(type, new PType.Class(thisClass), new PType.Class(moduleClass));
    // fast path: short circuit if any referent is accepted
    if (checkType == PType.UNKNOWN || isClass(checkType, BaseModule.getAnyClass().export())) {
      return true;
@@ -137,6 +137,14 @@ public final class ReflectNodes {
    }
  }

+  public abstract static class thisType extends ExternalPropertyNode {
+    @Specialization
+    @TruffleBoundary
+    protected VmTyped eval(VmTyped self) {
+      return MirrorFactories.thisTypeFactory.create(null);
+    }
+  }
+
  public abstract static class unknownType extends ExternalPropertyNode {
    @Specialization
    @TruffleBoundary
@@ -1218,3 +1218,21 @@ Class `{0}` should either be declared `abstract`, or should implement method `{1
 noImplementationForAbstractMethods=\
 Class `{0}` should either be declared `abstract`, or should implement the following methods:\n\
 {1}
+
+invalidModuleTypeInProperty=\
+Cannot reference `module` type from const property `{0}`.
+
+invalidModuleTypeInMethod=\
+Cannot reference `module` type from const method `{0}`.
+
+invalidModuleTypeInClass=\
+Cannot reference `module` type within a class body.
+
+invalidModuleTypeInAnnotation=\
+Cannot reference `module` type within an annotation body.
+
+invalidModuleTypeInTypeAlias=\
+Cannot reference `module` type within a type alias body.
+
+invalidThisTypeInTypeAlias=\
+Cannot reference `this` type within a type alias body.
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ nullable: Person?
 stringLiteral: "yes"
 constrained: String(length.isBetween(3, 10))
 aliased: MyMap<Person>
+mod: module
+self: this

 hidden hiddenProp: String
 const constProp: String = "the const prop"
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+typealias MyList<T> = List<T>
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+open module moduleTypeProperty
+
+x = 1
+y = mod.x
+modName = module.getClass().toString()
+hidden mod: module
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import "pkl:math"
 import "pkl:ref"
+import "pkl:test"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String =
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String =
    let (data = reference.getData())
    let (root = if (data is Resource) data.name else data.toString())
    let (
@@ -19,13 +20,12 @@ typealias Ref<T> = ref.Reference<D, T>

 abstract class Resource {
  name: String
-  hidden fixed $: Ref<Resource>
+  hidden fixed $: Ref<this> = ref.Reference(d, getClass(), this)
 }

 class A extends Resource {
  id: String
  hidden outputs: AProperties
-  hidden fixed $: Ref<A> = ref.Reference(d, A, this)
 }

 /// Test doc comment
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ class AProperties {
 class B extends Resource {
  id: String
  hidden outputs: BProperties
-  hidden fixed $: Ref<B> = ref.Reference(d, B, this)
 }

 class BProperties {
@@ -128,6 +127,13 @@ class TypeHolder {
  prop: Listing<String | Boolean | Number>
 }

+class BadResource extends Resource {
+  // return a reference with referent that isn't `this`
+  fixed $ = ref.Reference(d, A, this)
+}
+
+badThisRef = test.catch(() -> new BadResource { name = "bad" }.$.toString())
+
 output {
  renderer {
    converters {
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ facts {
    modClassProps["aliased"].type ==
      reflect.DeclaredType(reflect.TypeAlias(BaseModule.MyMap))
        .withTypeArgument(reflect.DeclaredType(reflect.Class(BaseModule.Person)))
+    modClassProps["mod"].type == reflect.moduleType
+    modClassProps["self"].type == reflect.thisType
  }
  
  ["Reflecting a class"] {
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ amends "../snippetTest.pkl"
 import "pkl:ref"

 local class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = reference.getData().toString()
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = reference.getData().toString()
 }

 local const d: D = new {}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import "pkl:ref"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d: D = new {}
 typealias Ref<T> = ref.Reference<D, T>
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import "pkl:ref"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 typealias Ref<T> = ref.Reference<D, T>
 local d: D = new {}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import "pkl:ref"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 typealias Ref<T> = ref.Reference<D, T>
 local d: D = new {}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import "pkl:ref"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 typealias RefAlias1 = ref.Reference<D, Alias1?>
 local d: D = new {}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import "pkl:ref"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d: D = new {}

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import "pkl:ref"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d: D = new {}

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import "pkl:ref"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d: D = new {}

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import "pkl:ref"
 import ".../input-helper/errors/ReferencedModule.pkl"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d: D = new {}

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import "pkl:ref"
 import ".../input-helper/errors/ReferencedModuleWithOutputOverride.pkl"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d: D = new {}

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import ".../input-helper/errors/ReferencedModuleWithOutputOverride.pkl"
 class ModuleSubclass extends ReferencedModuleWithOutputOverride

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d: D = new {}

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ class A {
 }

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d: D = new {}

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import "pkl:ref"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d: D = new {}
 typealias Ref<T> = ref.Reference<D, T>
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ class A {
 }

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d: D = new {}

 local test = ref.Reference(d, A, "").foo
 testInterpolation = "test:\(test)"

-// this tests that the interpolation appears in the output when referenceToString throws
+// this tests that the interpolation appears in the output when renderReference throws
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// interactions between references and self types
+
+import "pkl:ref"
+
+class D extends ref.Domain {
+  function renderReference(r: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String =
+    r.getPath().map((it) -> it.property ?? it.key.toString()).join(".")
+}
+
+// this type in a final class
+class Node {
+  parent: this?
+  children: List<this>
+}
+
+// this type in an open class
+open class Node2 {
+  parent: this?
+  children: List<this>
+}
+
+typealias R = ref.Reference<D, Node?>
+typealias R2 = ref.Reference<D, Node2?>
+
+res0: R = ref.Reference(new D {}, Node, null)
+res1: R = res0.parent
+res2: R = res0.parent.parent
+res3: R = res0.children[0]
+res4: R = res0.children[0].parent
+res5: R = res0.children[0].children[0]
+
+res0a: R2 = ref.Reference(new D {}, Node2, null)
+res1a: R2 = res0a.parent
+res2a: R2 = res0a.parent.parent
+res3a: R2 = res0a.children[0]
+res4a: R2 = res0a.children[0].parent
+res5a: R2 = res0a.children[0].children[0]
+
+output {
+  renderer {
+    converters {
+      [ref.Reference] = (it) -> it.toString()
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+open module reference29
+
+// interactions between references and self types
+// module type in an open module
+
+import "pkl:ref"
+import "reference29.pkl"
+
+class D extends ref.Domain {
+  function renderReference(r: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String =
+    r.getPath().map((it) -> it.property ?? it.key.toString()).join(".")
+}
+
+hidden parent: module?
+hidden children: List<module>
+
+typealias R = ref.Reference<D, reference29?>
+
+res0 = ref.Reference(new D {}, getClass(), null)
+res1: R = res0.parent
+res2: R = res0.parent.parent
+res3: R = res0.children[0]
+res4: R = res0.children[0].parent
+res5: R = res0.children[0].children[0]
+
+output {
+  renderer {
+    converters {
+      [ref.Reference] = (it) -> it.toString()
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import "pkl:ref"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d: D = new {}
 typealias Ref<T> = ref.Reference<D, T>
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// interactions between references and self types
+// module type in a final module
+
+import "pkl:ref"
+import "reference30.pkl"
+
+class D extends ref.Domain {
+  function renderReference(r: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String =
+    r.getPath().map((it) -> it.property ?? it.key.toString()).join(".")
+}
+
+hidden parent: module?
+hidden children: List<module>
+
+typealias R = ref.Reference<D, reference30?>
+
+res0 = ref.Reference(new D {}, getClass(), null)
+res1: R = res0.parent
+res2: R = res0.parent.parent
+res3: R = res0.children[0]
+res4: R = res0.children[0].parent
+res5: R = res0.children[0].children[0]
+
+output {
+  renderer {
+    converters {
+      [ref.Reference] = (it) -> it.toString()
+    }
+  }
+}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import "pkl:ref"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d: D = new {}
 typealias Ref<T> = ref.Reference<D, T>
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import "pkl:ref"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d: D = new {}
 typealias Ref<T> = ref.Reference<D, T>

 class D2 extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d2: D2 = new {}

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import "pkl:ref"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d: D = new {}
 typealias Ref<T> = ref.Reference<D, T>
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import "pkl:ref"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 local d: D = new {}
 typealias Ref<T> = ref.Reference<D, T>
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import "pkl:ref"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 typealias Ref<T> = ref.Reference<D, T>
 local d: D = new {}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import "pkl:ref"

 class D extends ref.Domain {
-  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+  function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
 }
 typealias Ref<T> = ref.Reference<D, T>
 local d: D = new {}
@@ -42,15 +42,15 @@ output {
  // force eval but don't render to prevent recursion
  value =
    let (r1 = res1)
-      let (r2 = res2)
-        let (r3 = res3)
-          let (r4 = res4)
-            let (r5 = res5)
-              let (r6 = res6)
-                let (r6a = res6a)
-                  let (r7 = res7)
-                    let (r8 = res8)
-                      let (r9 = res9)
-                        let (r10 = res10)
-                          new Dynamic { result = "ok" }
+    let (r2 = res2)
+    let (r3 = res3)
+    let (r4 = res4)
+    let (r5 = res5)
+    let (r6 = res6)
+    let (r6a = res6a)
+    let (r7 = res7)
+    let (r8 = res8)
+    let (r9 = res9)
+    let (r10 = res10)
+      new Dynamic { result = "ok" }
 }
@@ -44,15 +44,15 @@ output {
  // force eval but don't render to prevent recursion
  value =
    let (r1 = res1)
-      let (r2 = res2)
-        let (r3 = res3)
-          let (r4 = res4)
-            let (r5 = res5)
-              let (r6 = res6)
-                let (r6a = res6a)
-                  let (r7 = res7)
-                    let (r8 = res8)
-                      let (r9 = res9)
-                        let (r10 = res10)
-                          new Dynamic { result = "ok" }
+    let (r2 = res2)
+    let (r3 = res3)
+    let (r4 = res4)
+    let (r5 = res5)
+    let (r6 = res6)
+    let (r6a = res6a)
+    let (r7 = res7)
+    let (r8 = res8)
+    let (r9 = res9)
+    let (r10 = res10)
+      new Dynamic { result = "ok" }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+typealias Foo = module
+
+@Baz { valid = true is module }
+class Bar {
+  baz: module
+}
+
+class Baz extends Annotation {
+  valid: Boolean
+}
+
+const qux = true is module
+const function quux() = true is module
+
+const corge = new {
+  grault {
+    garply = true is module
+  }
+}
+
+hidden const waldo = (x: module) -> true
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+open module currentModuleType5
+
+import ".../input-helper/types/aliasHolder.pkl"
+
+local foo: aliasHolder.MyList<module> = List(this)
+x = 1
+y = foo.first.x
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import "pkl:test"
+
+import ".../input-helper/types/moduleTypeProperty.pkl"
+
+class ModuleSubclass extends moduleTypeProperty {
+  x = 2
+  hidden mod2: module
+  mod2x = mod2.x
+}
+
+x = -1
+
+res1 = new moduleTypeProperty {}
+res2 = new moduleTypeProperty {
+  mod = new ModuleSubclass {}
+}
+res3 = new ModuleSubclass {}
+res4 =
+  test.catch(() -> new ModuleSubclass {
+    mod = new moduleTypeProperty {}
+  }.output.text)
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+open module thisType1
+
+import "pkl:test"
+import "pkl:reflect"
+
+hidden x: Int = 1
+
+hidden res1: this = module
+
+res1a = res1.res2.x
+res1b = res1.res3.x
+res1c = res1.res5[1].x
+res1d = res1.res6a.x
+res1e = res1.res6b.x
+
+hidden res2: this = this
+hidden res3: this = (this) { x = super.x + 1 }
+res4: this? = null
+hidden res5: List<this> = List(this, (this) { x = super.x + 2 })
+hidden res6: List<this> = fun(this)
+hidden res6a: this = res6[0]
+hidden res6b: this = fun(new Good { x = 3 })[0]
+
+function fun(m: this): List<this> =
+  let (_x = x)
+    List((m) { x = super.x + _x })
+
+typealias Foo<T> = T
+
+function fun2(m: Foo<this>): List<this> =
+  let (_x = x)
+    List((m) { x = super.x + _x + 1 })
+
+class Bad {
+  res7: this = "abc"
+  res8: this = new Person {}
+  res9: this? = new Person {}
+  res10: List<this> = List(new Person {})
+}
+
+class Person
+
+res7 = test.catch(() -> new Bad {}.res7)
+res8 = test.catch(() -> new Bad {}.res8)
+res9 = test.catch(() -> new Bad {}.res9)
+res10 = test.catch(() -> new Bad {}.res10)
+
+class Good extends module {
+  x = 2
+}
+
+local res11 = new Good {}
+
+res11a = res11.res2.x
+res11b = res11.res3.x
+res11c = res11.res5[1].x
+res11d = res11.res6a.x
+
+res12 = test.catch(() -> res11.fun(module)[0].x)
+
+// this type not affected by custom this scope:
+hidden res13: List(this is List<this>) = List(module)
+res13a = res13[0].x
+
+// test generic typealias through inheritance from module
+res14 = fun2(this).map((it) -> it.x)
+res14a = test.catch(() -> res11.fun2(this))
+res14b = res11.fun2(res11)[0].x
+
+// test generic typealias without inheritance from module
+open class A {
+  x: Int = 1
+  function fun2(m: Foo<this>): List<this> =
+    let (_x = x)
+      List((m) { x = super.x + _x + 1 })
+}
+class B extends A
+
+local a = new A {}
+local b = new B {}
+res15 = a.fun2(a)
+res15a = test.catch(() -> b.fun2(a))
+res15b = b.fun2(b)
+
+// test function type, function literal param, object body param
+local c: (this) -> Dynamic = (xx: this) -> new Dynamic { x = xx.x * 2 }
+local d = (c) { xx: this ->
+  x = super.x + xx.x * 3
+}
+res16 = d.apply(this).x
+res16a = test.catch(() -> d.apply(new Dynamic { x = 1 }).x)
+
+// let expr binding type
+res17 =
+  let (xx: this = new module { x = 3 })
+    xx.x
+
+// for/when generator vars skip a level
+res18: Listing<Int> = new {
+  for (xx: this in List(module)) {
+    xx.x
+  }
+}
+
+// object property/method param/method return
+res19 = new Dynamic {
+  local foo: this = new Dynamic { x = 1 }
+  local function bar(a: this): this = new { x = foo.x + a.x }
+  baz = bar(new Dynamic { x = 2 })
+}
+
+// type cast, explicit new expr
+hidden res20 = new this { x = 6 } as this
+res20a = res20.x
+
+// constrained
+hidden res21: this(this.x > 5) = res20
+res21a = res21.x
+
+// lazy type check and default value
+hidden res22: Listing<this> = new {
+  new { x = 1 }
+  new Good {}
+  new { x = 3 }
+  new Good { x = 4 }
+}
+
+res22a = module.res22.toList().map((it) -> "\(it.getClass()): \(it.x)").toListing()
+res22b = new Good {}.res22.toList().map((it) -> "\(it.getClass()): \(it.x)").toListing()
+
+// annotation type
+
+open class ThisAnnotation extends Annotation {
+  @this { y = 1 }
+  y: Int
+}
+
+open class ThatAnnotation extends ThisAnnotation
+
+@ThisAnnotation { y = 2 }
+hidden annThis: Int = 1
+res23 = reflect.Class(getClass()).properties["annThis"].annotations.single
+res23a = res23.getClass().toString()
+res23b = reflect.Class(res23.getClass()).allProperties["y"].annotations.single.getClass().toString()
+
+@ThatAnnotation { y = 2 }
+hidden annThat: Int = 1
+res24 = reflect.Class(getClass()).properties["annThat"].annotations.single
+res24a = res24.getClass().toString()
+res24b = reflect.Class(res24.getClass()).allProperties["y"].annotations.single.getClass().toString()
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+typealias Foo = this
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// cover custom this contexts in a final module
+
+local foo: Listing(any((it) -> it is this)) = new { bar }
+local bar: Listing = new { foo }
+res1 = foo.length
+
+local baz: Listing = new {
+  new Listing { "hello" }
+  new Mapping { ["hello"] = "world" }
+  module
+}
+
+res2 = (baz) {
+  [[this is this]] {
+    res2 = "blah"
+  }
+  when (module is this) {
+    123
+  }
+  module is this
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+open module thisType4
+// cover custom this contexts in an open module
+
+local foo: Listing(any((it) -> it is this)) = new { bar }
+local bar: Listing = new { foo }
+res1 = foo.length
+
+local baz: Listing = new {
+  new Listing { "hello" }
+  new Mapping { ["hello"] = "world" }
+  module
+}
+
+res2 = (baz) {
+  [[this is this]] {
+    res2 = "blah"
+  }
+  when (module is this) {
+    123
+  }
+  module is this
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// test this type interacting with local class
+
+local class Foo {
+  bar: this? = new { bar = null }
+  baz = new Foo {} is this
+
+  function qux(a: this): this = this
+  function quux(a: Any): Boolean = a is this
+}
+
+local foo = new Foo {}
+
+res1 = foo.bar
+res2 = foo.baz
+res3 = foo.qux(new Foo {})
+res4 = foo.quux(new Foo {})
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+open module thisType6
+
+class Foo extends this
@@ -60,3 +60,4 @@ aValuesJoined = """
  ${b.outputs.nonString}
  """
 typeArgs = "${null.prop}"
+badThisRef = "Expected value of type `pkl.ref#Reference<reference#D, this>`, but got type `pkl.ref#Reference<reference#D, reference#A>`. Value: Reference(new D {}, reference#A, new BadResource { name = ? })"
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ facts {
    true
    true
    true
+    true
+    true
  }
  ["Reflecting a class"] {
    true
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ facts {
 }
 examples {
  ["Reflected module properties of unknown type metadata"] {
-    Set("int", "float", "string", "boolean", "duration", "dataSize", "pair", "list", "set", "map", "listing", "mapping", "dynamic", "typed", "int2", "float2", "string2", "boolean2", "duration2", "dataSize2", "pair2", "list2", "set2", "map2", "listing2", "mapping2", "dynamic2", "typed2", "any", "noth", "unkn", "union", "nullable", "stringLiteral", "constrained", "aliased", "hiddenProp", "constProp", "fixedProp")
+    Set("int", "float", "string", "boolean", "duration", "dataSize", "pair", "list", "set", "map", "listing", "mapping", "dynamic", "typed", "int2", "float2", "string2", "boolean2", "duration2", "dataSize2", "pair2", "list2", "set2", "map2", "listing2", "mapping2", "dynamic2", "typed2", "any", "noth", "unkn", "union", "nullable", "stringLiteral", "constrained", "aliased", "mod", "self", "hiddenProp", "constProp", "fixedProp")
    new {
      hasExpectedLocation = true
      docComment = "module property doc comment"
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 –– Pkl Error ––
 not supported

-x | function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<D, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
-                                                                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+x | function renderReference(reference: ref.Reference<this, Any>): String = throw("not supported")
+                                                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 at reference20#D.renderReference (file:///$snippetsDir/input/errors/reference20.pkl)

 xxx | function toString(): String = getDomain().renderReference(this)
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+res0 = ""
+res1 = "parent"
+res2 = "parent.parent"
+res3 = "children.0"
+res4 = "children.0.parent"
+res5 = "children.0.children.0"
+res0a = ""
+res1a = "parent"
+res2a = "parent.parent"
+res3a = "children.0"
+res4a = "children.0.parent"
+res5a = "children.0.children.0"
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+res0 = ""
+res1 = "parent"
+res2 = "parent.parent"
+res3 = "children.0"
+res4 = "children.0.parent"
+res5 = "children.0.children.0"
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+res0 = ""
+res1 = "parent"
+res2 = "parent.parent"
+res3 = "children.0"
+res4 = "children.0.parent"
+res5 = "children.0.children.0"
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+result = "ok"
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a class body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType1.pkl)
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a class body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType1.pkl)
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a class body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType1.pkl)
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a class body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType1.pkl)
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-result = "ok"
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+result = "ok"
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a class body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType2.pkl)
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a class body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType2.pkl)
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a class body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType2.pkl)
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a class body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType2.pkl)
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-result = "ok"
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+result = "ok"
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a class body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType2.pkl)
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a class body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType2.pkl)
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a class body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType2.pkl)
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a class body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType2.pkl)
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-result = "ok"
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+qux = false
+corge {
+  grault {
+    garply = false
+  }
+}
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within an annotation body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType4.pkl)
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a class body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType4.pkl)
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a type alias body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType4.pkl)
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type from const property `currentModuleType4#qux`. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType4.pkl)
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type from const property `currentModuleType4#corge`. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType4.pkl)
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type from const property `currentModuleType4#waldo`. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType4.pkl)
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type from const method `currentModuleType4#quux`. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType4.pkl)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+x = 1
+y = 1
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+x = -1
+res1 {
+  x = 1
+  y = 1
+  modName = "moduleTypeProperty"
+}
+res2 {
+  x = 1
+  y = 2
+  modName = "moduleTypeProperty"
+}
+res3 {
+  x = 2
+  y = 2
+  modName = "currentModuleType6#ModuleSubclass"
+  mod2x = -1
+}
+res4 = "Expected value of type `currentModuleType6#ModuleSubclass`, but got type `moduleTypeProperty`. Value: new ModuleClass { x = ?; y = ?; modName = ? }"
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a class body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/currentModuleType6.pkl)
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+res1a = 1
+res1b = 2
+res1c = 3
+res1d = 2
+res1e = 4
+res4 = null
+res7 = "Expected value of type `thisType1#Bad`, but got type `String`. Value: \"abc\""
+res8 = "Expected value of type `thisType1#Bad`, but got type `thisType1#Person`. Value: new Person {}"
+res9 = "Expected value of type `thisType1#Bad`, but got type `thisType1#Person`. Value: new Person {}"
+res10 = "Expected value of type `thisType1#Bad`, but got type `thisType1#Person`. Value: new Person {}"
+res11a = 2
+res11b = 3
+res11c = 4
+res11d = 4
+res12 = "Expected value of type `thisType1#Good`, but got type `thisType1`. Value: new ModuleClass { res1a = 1; res1b = 2; res1c = 3; res1d = 2; res1e = 4; res4..."
+res13a = 1
+res14 = List(3)
+res14a = "Expected value of type `thisType1#Good`, but got type `thisType1`. Value: new ModuleClass { res1a = 1; res1b = 2; res1c = 3; res1d = 2; res1e = 4; res4..."
+res14b = 5
+res15 = List(new {
+  x = 3
+})
+res15a = "Expected value of type `thisType1#B`, but got type `thisType1#A`. Value: new A { x = 1 }"
+res15b = List(new {
+  x = 3
+})
+res16 = 5
+res16a = "Expected value of type `thisType1`, but got type `Dynamic`. Value: new Dynamic { x = ? }"
+res17 = 3
+res18 {
+  1
+}
+res19 {
+  baz {
+    x = 3
+  }
+}
+res20a = 6
+res21a = 6
+res22a {
+  "thisType1: 1"
+  "thisType1#Good: 2"
+  "thisType1: 3"
+  "thisType1#Good: 4"
+}
+res22b {
+  "thisType1#Good: 1"
+  "thisType1#Good: 2"
+  "thisType1#Good: 3"
+  "thisType1#Good: 4"
+}
+res23 {
+  y = 2
+}
+res23a = "thisType1#ThisAnnotation"
+res23b = "thisType1#ThisAnnotation"
+res24 {
+  y = 2
+}
+res24a = "thisType1#ThatAnnotation"
+res24b = "thisType1#ThisAnnotation"
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+–– Pkl Error ––
+Cannot reference `this` type within a type alias body.
+
+x | typealias Foo = this
+                    ^^^^
+at thisType2#Foo (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/thisType2.pkl)
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+res1 = 1
+res2 {
+  new {
+    "hello"
+  }
+  new {
+    ["hello"] = "world"
+  }
+  new {
+    res1 = 1
+    res2 = "blah"
+  }
+  123
+  false
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+res1 = 1
+res2 {
+  new {
+    "hello"
+  }
+  new {
+    ["hello"] = "world"
+  }
+  new {
+    res1 = 1
+    res2 = "blah"
+  }
+  123
+  false
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+res1 {
+  bar = null
+  baz = true
+}
+res2 = true
+res3 {
+  bar {
+    bar = null
+    baz = true
+  }
+  baz = true
+}
+res4 = true
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+–– Pkl Error ––
+`this` is not a valid supertype.
+
+x | class Foo extends this
+                      ^^^^
+at thisType6#Foo (file:///$snippetsDir/input/types/thisType6.pkl)
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+pkl: WARN: Cannot reference `module` type within a type alias body. This will be an error in a future release. (file:///$snippetsDir/input-helper/types/typeAliasModule.pkl)
 –– Pkl Error ––
 Expected value of type `typeAliasModule`, but got type `typeAlias6`.
 Value: new ModuleClass { res = ? }
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright © 2024-2025 Apple Inc. and the Pkl project authors. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright © 2024-2026 Apple Inc. and the Pkl project authors. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -468,6 +468,9 @@ private fun findTypesUsedBy(
        )
      }
    }
+    PType.THIS -> {
+      // do nothing, the enclosing PType.Class has already been visited
+    }
    PType.NOTHING -> {}
    is PType.Nullable -> {
      findTypesUsedBy(type.baseType, enclosingType, enclosingPackage, result)
@@ -347,6 +347,9 @@ internal abstract class PageGenerator<out S>(
      PType.MODULE -> {
        +"module"
      }
+      PType.THIS -> {
+        +"this"
+      }
      is PType.StringLiteral -> {
        +"\"${type.literal}\""
      }
@@ -343,6 +343,9 @@ internal class SearchIndexGenerator(private val outputDir: Path, consoleOut: Out
      PType.MODULE -> {
        append("module")
      }
+      PType.THIS -> {
+        append("this")
+      }
      is PType.StringLiteral -> {
        append("\\\"${type.literal}\\\"")
      }
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ command line.</p></div>
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ command line.</p></div>
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="BaseClass.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="BaseClass.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="BaseClass.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="BaseClass.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ command line.</p></div>
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ command line.</p></div>
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="AnnotatedClass.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="AnnotatedClass.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="AnnotatedClass.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="AnnotatedClass.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="AnnotatedClss.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="AnnotatedClss.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="AnnotatedClss.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="AnnotatedClss.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="AnnotatedClssWithExpandableComment.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="AnnotatedClssWithExpandableComment.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="AnnotatedClssWithExpandableComment.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="AnnotatedClssWithExpandableComment.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ command line.</p></div>
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ command line.</p></div>
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="Comments1.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments1.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="Comments1.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments1.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="Comments2.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments2.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="Comments2.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments2.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="Comments3.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments3.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="Comments3.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments3.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Class with multi-line and multi-paragraph doc comment (paragraph2, line2).</p></
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Class with multi-line and multi-paragraph doc comment (paragraph2, line2).</p></
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="Comments4.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments4.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="Comments4.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments4.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="Comments5.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments5.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="Comments5.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments5.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="Comments6.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments6.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="Comments6.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments6.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="Comments7.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments7.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="Comments7.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments7.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class Person {
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class Person {
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="Comments8.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments8.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="Comments8.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="Comments8.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ command line.</p></div>
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ command line.</p></div>
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="index.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="MyClass1.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="MyClass1.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="MyClass1.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="MyClass1.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="MyClass2.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="MyClass2.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="MyClass2.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="MyClass2.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="MyClass3.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="MyClass3.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="MyClass3.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="MyClass3.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a><span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">getClass</span>(): <a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Class.html" class="name-ref">Class</a>&lt;this&gt;<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns the class of <code>this</code>.</p></div>
              </div>
            </div>
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
                <div class="member-modifiers">function </div>
              </div>
              <div class="member-main">
-                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html#NonNull" class="name-ref">NonNull</a>) -&gt; <a href="MyClass4.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="MyClass4.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
+                <div class="member-signature"><span class="context"><a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/Any.html" class="name-ref">Any</a>.</span><span class="name-decl">ifNonNull</span>&lt;<a class="param1">Result</a>&gt;(<span class="param2">transform</span>: (this) -&gt; <a href="MyClass4.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>): <a href="MyClass4.html#ifNonNull().Result" class="name-ref">Result</a>?<span class="context"> (<a href="https://pages.github.com/apple/pkl/stdlib/pkl/0.24.0/base/index.html" class="name-ref">pkl.base</a>)</span><a class="member-source-link" href="https://github.com/apple/pkl/blob/0.24.0/stdlib/base.pkl#L123-L456">Source</a></div>
                <div class="doc-comment"><p>Returns <code>this |&gt; transform</code> if <code>this</code> is non-null, and <code>null</code> otherwise.</p></div>
                <div class="doc-comment expandable hidden collapsed"><p>This method is the complement of the <code>??</code> operator and the equivalent of an <code>Option</code> type's
 <code>map</code> and <code>flatMap</code> methods.</p></div>
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More