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nix-config/home/base/tui/editors/README.md

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# Editors
My editors:
1. Neovim
2. Emacs
3. Helix
And `Zellij` for a smooth and stable terminal experience.
## Tips
1. Many useful keys are already provided by vim, check vim/neovim's docs before you install a new
plugin / reinvent the wheel.
1. After using Emacs/Neovim more skillfully, I strongly recommend that you read the official
documentation of Neovim/vim:
1. <https://vimhelp.org/>: The official vim documentation.
1. <https://neovim.io/doc/user/>: Neovim's official user documentation.
1. Use Zellij for terminal related operations, and use Neovim/Helix for editing.
1. As for Emacs, Use its GUI version & terminal emulator `vterm` for terminal related operations.
1. Two powerful file search & jump tools:
1. Tree-view plugins are beginner-friendly and intuitive, but they're not very efficient.
1. **Search by the file path**: Useful when you're familiar with the project structure, especially
on a large project.
1. **Search by the content**: Useful when you're familiar with the code.
## Tutorial
Type `:tutor`(`:Tutor` in Neovim) to learn the basics usage of vim/neovim.
## VIM's Cheetsheet
> Here only record my commonly used keys, to see **a more comprehensive cheetsheet**:
> <https://vimhelp.org/quickref.txt.html>
Both Emacs-Evil & Neovim are compatible with vim, sothe key-bindings described here are common in
both Emacs-Evil, Neovim & vim.
### Terminal Related
I mainly use Zellij for terminal related operations, here is its terminal shortcuts I use frequently
now:
| Action | Zellij's Shortcut |
| ------------------------- | ----------------- |
| Floating Terminal | `Ctrl + p + w` |
| Horizontal Split Terminal | `Ctrl + p + d` |
| Vertical Split Terminal | `Ctrl + p + n` |
| Execute a command | `!xxx` |
### File Management
> <https://neovim.io/doc/user/usr_22.html>
> <https://vimhelp.org/editing.txt.html>
| Action | |
| ----------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| Save selected text to a file | `:w filename` (Will show `:'<,'>w filename`) |
| Save and close the current buffer | `:wq` |
| Save all buffers | `:wa` |
| Save and close all buffers | `:wqa` |
| Edit a file | `:e filename`(or `:e <TAB>` to show a file list) |
| Browse the file list | `:Ex` or `:e .` |
| Discard changes and reread the file | `:e!` |
### Motion
> https://vimhelp.org/motion.txt.html
| Action | Command |
| --------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
| Move to the start/end of the buffer | `gg`/`G` |
| Move the line number 5 | `5gg` / `5G` |
| Move left/down/up/right | h/j/k/l or `5h`/`5j`/`5k`/`5l` or `Ctr-n`/`Ctrl-p` |
| Move to the matchpairs, default to `()`, `{}`, `[]` | `%` |
| Move to the start/end of the line | `0` / `$` |
| Move a sentence forward/backward | `(` / `)` |
| Move a paragraph forward/backward | `{` / `}` |
| Move a section forward/backward | `[[` / `]]` |
| Jump to various positions | `'` + some other keys(neovim has prompt) |
Text Objects:
- **sentence**: text ending at a '.', '!' or '?' followed by either the end of a line, or by a space
or tab.
- **paragraph**: text ending at a blank line.
- **section**: text starting with a section header and ending at the start of the next section
header (or at the end of the file). - The "`]]`" and "`[[`" commands stop at the '`{`' in the
first column. This is useful to find the start of a function in a C/Go/Java/... program.
### Text Manipulation
Basics:
| Action | |
| --------------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Delete the current character | `x` |
| Paste the copied text | `p` |
| Delete the selection | `d` |
| Undo the last word | `CTRL-w`(in insert mode) |
| Undo the last line | `CTRL-u`(in insert mode) |
| Undo the last change | `u` |
| Redo the last change | `Ctrl + r` |
| Inserts the text of the previous insert | `Ctrl + a` |
| Repeat the last command | `.` |
| Toggle text's case | `~` |
| Convert to uppercase | `U` (visual mode) |
| Convert to lowercase | `u` (visual mode) |
| Align the selected content | `:center`/`:left`/`:right` |
Misc:
| Action | Shortcut |
| ----------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| Toggle visual mode | `v` (lower case v) |
| Select the current line | `V` (upper case v) |
| Toggle visual block mode | `<Ctrl> + v` (select a block vertically) |
| Fold the current code block | `zc` |
| Unfold the current code block | `zo` |
| Jump to Definition | `gd` |
| Jump to References | `gD` |
| (Un)Comment the current line | `gcc` |
| Action | |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------- |
| Sort the selected lines | `:sort` |
| Join Selection of Lines With Space | `:join` or `J` |
| Join without spaces | `:join!` |
| Enter Insert mode at the start/end of the line | `I` / `A` |
| Delete from the cursor to the end of the line | `D` |
| Delete from the cursor to the end of the line, and then enter insert mode | `C` |
Advance Techs:
- Add at the end of multiple lines: `:normal A<text>`
- Execublock: `:A<text>`
- visual block mode(ctrl + v)
- Append text at the end of each line in the selected block
- If position exceeds line end, neovim adds spaces automatically
- Delete the last char of multivle lines: `:normal $x`
- Execute `$x` on each line
- visual mode(v)
- `$` moves cursor to the end of line
- `x` deletes the character under the cursor
- Delete the last word of multiple lines: `:normal $bD`
- Execute `$bD` on each line
- visual mode(v)
- `$` moves cursor to the end of line
- `b` moves cursor to the beginning of the last word
### Search
| Action | Command |
| ----------------------------------------------------- | --------- |
| Search forward/backword for a pattern | `/` / `?` |
| Repeat the last search in the same/opposite direction | `n` / `N` |
### Find and Replace
| Action | Command |
| -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Replace in selected area | `:s/old/new/g` |
| Replace in current line | Same as above |
| Replace all the lines | `:% s/old/new/g` |
| Replace all the lines with regex | `:% s@\vhttp://(\w+)@https://\1@gc` |
1. `\v` means means that in the regex pattern after it can be used without backslash
escaping(similar to python's raw string).
2. `\1` means the first matched group in the pattern.
### Replace in the specific lines
| Action | Command |
| ----------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| From the 10th line to the end of the file | `:10,$ s/old/new/g` or `:10,$ s@^@#@g` |
| From the 10th line to the 20th line | `:10,20 s/old/new/g` |
| Remove the trailing spaces | `:% s/\s\+$//g` |
The postfix(flags) in the above commands:
1. `g` means replace all the matched strings in the current line/file.
2. `c` means ask for confirmation before replacing.
3. `i` means ignore case.
### Buffers, Windows and Tabs
> <https://neovim.io/doc/user/usr_08.html>
> <https://vimhelp.org/windows.txt.html>
- A buffer is the in-memory text of a file.
- A window is a viewport on a buffer.
- A tab page is a collection of windows.
| Action | Command |
| ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Split the window horizontally | `:sp[lit]` or `:sp filename` |
| Split the window horizontally | `:vs[plit]` or `:vs filename` |
| Switch to the next/previous window | `Ctrl-w + w` or `Ctrl-w + h/j/k/l` |
| Show all buffers | `:ls` |
| show next/previous buffer | `]b`/`[b` or `:bn[ext]` / `bp[rev]` |
| New Tab(New Workspace in DoomEmacs) | `:tabnew` |
| Next/Previews Tab | `gt`/`gy` |
### History
| Action | Command |
| ------------------------ | ------- |
| Show the command history | `q:` |
| Show the search history | `q/` |
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