refactor: start i3/hyprland in home-manager instead of NixOS

Makefile

@@ -36,9 +36,6 @@ history:
 repl:
 	nix repl -f flake:nixpkgs
 
-eye:
-	systemctl --user start gammastep.service
-
 gc:
 	# remove all generations older than 7 days
 	sudo nix profile wipe-history --profile /nix/var/nix/profiles/system  --older-than 7d
@@ -156,6 +153,3 @@ fmt:
 	# format the nix files in this repo
 	nix fmt
 
-.PHONY: clean  
-clean:  
-	rm -rf result

README.md

@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ Other dotfiles that inspired me:
   - [fufexan/dotfiles](https://github.com/fufexan/dotfiles): gtk theme, xdg, git, media, anyrun, etc.
 - Modularized NixOS Configuration
   - [hlissner/dotfiles](https://github.com/hlissner/dotfiles)
+  - [viperML/dotfiles](https://github.com/viperML/dotfiles)
 - Hyprland(wayland)
   - [notwidow/hyprland](https://github.com/notwidow/hyprland): This is where I start my hyprland journey.
   - [HeinzDev/Hyprland-dotfiles](https://github.com/HeinzDev/Hyprland-dotfiles): Refer to the waybar configuration here.

flake.lock

@@ -952,11 +952,11 @@
     "wallpapers": {
       "flake": false,
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1694759298,
-        "narHash": "sha256-eSDBX6aA7zxodUq3MmV99JS0vr+aUwbEuLPoKnU5kHg=",
+        "lastModified": 1703310017,
+        "narHash": "sha256-SL3PIDa4BNz2rDZ/9KwnJCAfhelIoqpLtQ/FSYgfusI=",
         "owner": "ryan4yin",
         "repo": "wallpapers",
-        "rev": "f59f49a44042d2c669e18da07e652e00c431e9e9",
+        "rev": "20dea02ee2c0bb74dadcc3d4ec5efe78d00520dc",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {

home/linux/desktop/default.nix

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 {pkgs, ...}: {
   imports = [
+    ./wallpaper
+
     ./creative.nix
     ./gtk.nix
     ./immutable-file.nix
     ./media.nix
     ./ssh.nix
-    ./wallpaper.nix
     ./xdg.nix
     ./eye-protection.nix
   ];

home/linux/desktop/wallpaper.nix

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-{wallpapers, ...}: {
-  # https://github.com/ryan4yin/wallpapers
-  xdg.configFile."wallpapers".source = wallpapers;
-  home.file.".local/bin/wallpaper_random" = {
-    source = "${wallpapers}/wallpaper_random.py";
-    executable = true;
-  };
-}

home/linux/desktop/wallpaper/default.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+  pkgs,
+  config,
+  lib,
+  wallpapers,
+  ...
+}: {
+  systemd.user.services.wallpaper = {
+    Unit = {
+      Description = "Wallpaper Switcher daemon";
+      After = ["graphical-session-pre.target" "xdg-desktop-autostart.target"];
+      Wants = ["graphical-session-pre.target"];
+    };
+    Install.WantedBy = ["graphical-session.target"];
+    Service = {
+      ExecStart = lib.getExe (pkgs.writeShellApplication {
+        name = "wallpaper";
+        runtimeInputs = with pkgs; [procps feh swaybg python3];
+        text = ''
+          export WALLPAPERS_DIR="${wallpapers}"
+          export WALLPAPERS_STATE_FILEPATH="${config.xdg.stateHome}/wallpaper-switcher/switcher_state"
+          export WALLPAPER_WAIT_MIN=10
+          export WALLPAPER_WAIT_MAX=20
+          exec ${./wallpaper-switcher.py}
+        '';
+      });
+      RestartSec = 3;
+      Restart = "on-failure";
+    };
+  };
+}

home/linux/desktop/wallpaper/wallpaper-switcher.py

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""
+This script will randomly select a wallpaper from the wallpapers directory.
+It will skip the last wallpaper used, so that you don't get the same wallpaper.
+
+It will also set the wallpaper using `feh` for X11, or `swaybg` for Wayland.
+
+Maintainer: ryan4yin [xiaoyin_c@qq.com]
+"""
+
+import os
+import time
+import random
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Union
+import subprocess
+import logging
+
+logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class WallpaperSwitcher:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        wait_min,
+        wait_max,
+        wallpapers_dir: Path,
+        state_filepath: Path,
+        image_extensions: Union[tuple, list],
+    ) -> None:
+        self.wallpapers_dir = wallpapers_dir
+        self.image_extensions = image_extensions
+        self.state_filepath = state_filepath
+        self.wait_min = wait_min
+        self.wait_max = wait_max
+
+        # initialize the state file
+        self.state_filepath.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        self.current_state = self.state_filepath.open("a+", encoding="utf-8")
+        self.current_wallpaper_list = list()
+
+    def run(self):
+        """
+        Iterate on all wallpapers in the wallpapers directory, cycling through them in a random order.
+        """
+        self.initialize_state()
+        while True:
+            for i, w in enumerate(self.current_wallpaper_list):
+                if i < self.current_wallpaper_index:
+                    continue
+
+                logger.info(
+                    f"Setting wallpaper {i+1}/{len(self.current_wallpaper_list)}: {w}"
+                )
+                self.set_wallpaper(w)
+
+                # update the state
+                self.current_wallpaper_index = i
+                self.save_state()
+
+                wait_time = random.randint(self.wait_min, self.wait_max)
+                logger.info(f"Waiting {wait_time} seconds...")
+                time.sleep(wait_time)
+
+            # reset the state
+            self.reset_state()
+
+    def save_state(self):
+        wallpaper_list = [w.as_posix() for w in self.current_wallpaper_list]
+        state = {
+            "current_wallpaper_list": wallpaper_list,
+            "current_wallpaper_index": self.current_wallpaper_index,
+        }
+        self.current_state.truncate(0)
+        self.current_state.write(json.dumps(state, indent=4))
+        self.current_state.flush()
+
+    def initialize_state(self):
+        self.current_state.seek(0)
+        data = self.current_state.read()
+        if not data:
+            logger.info("No state found, resetting...")
+            self.reset_state()
+        else:
+            logger.info("State found, reloading...")
+            state = json.loads(data)
+            wallpapers = [Path(w) for w in state["current_wallpaper_list"]]
+            self.current_wallpaper_list = wallpapers
+            self.current_wallpaper_index = state["current_wallpaper_index"]
+
+    def reset_state(self):
+        logger.info(f"Rescanning & shuffle wallpapers in {self.wallpapers_dir} ...")
+        wallpapers = list(
+            filter(
+                lambda x: x.suffix in self.image_extensions,
+                self.wallpapers_dir.iterdir(),
+            )
+        )
+        random.shuffle(wallpapers)
+        self.current_wallpaper_list = wallpapers
+        self.current_wallpaper_index = 0
+
+    def set_wallpaper(self, path: Path):
+        # check if we are running under x11 or wayland
+        if (
+            "WAYLAND_DISPLAY" in os.environ
+            or os.environ.get("XDG_SESSION_TYPE") == "wayland"
+        ):
+            self.set_wallpaper_wayland(path)
+        else:
+            self.set_wallpaper_x11(path)
+
+    def set_wallpaper_x11(self, path: Path):
+        subprocess.run(["feh", "--bg-fill", path])
+
+    def set_wallpaper_wayland(self, path: Path):
+        # find all swaybg processes
+        swaybg_pids = subprocess.run(
+            ["pgrep", "-f", "swaybg"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+        ).stdout.decode("utf-8")
+
+        # run swaybg in the background, and make it running even after the parent process exits
+        subprocess.Popen(
+            ["swaybg", "--output", "*", "--mode", "fill", "--image", path],
+            start_new_session=True,
+        )
+        time.sleep(1)
+
+        # kill all old swaybg processes
+        for pid in swaybg_pids.splitlines():
+            try:
+                os.kill(int(pid), 9)
+            except ProcessLookupError:
+                pass
+
+
+def main():
+    wallpapers_dir = os.getenv("WALLPAPERS_DIR")
+    state_filepath = os.getenv("WALLPAPERS_STATE_FILEPATH")
+    if not wallpapers_dir:
+        raise Exception("WALLPAPERS_DIR not set")
+    if not state_filepath:
+        raise Exception("WALLPAPERS_STATE_FILEPATH not set")
+
+    image_postfix = (
+        ".jpg",
+        ".jpeg",
+        ".png",
+        # ".gif",
+        # ".webp"
+    )
+    wait_min = int(os.getenv("WALLPAPER_WAIT_MIN", 60))
+    wait_max = int(os.getenv("WALLPAPER_WAIT_MAX", 300))
+    wallpaper_switcher = WallpaperSwitcher(
+        wait_min,
+        wait_max,
+        Path(wallpapers_dir).expanduser(),
+        Path(state_filepath).expanduser(),
+        image_postfix,
+    )
+    wallpaper_switcher.run()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

home/linux/desktop/xdg.nix

@@ -12,9 +12,14 @@
     xdg-user-dirs
   ];
 
+  xdg.configFile."mimeapps.list".force = true;
   xdg = {
     enable = true;
-    cacheHome = config.home.homeDirectory + "/.local/cache";
+
+    cacheHome = "${config.home.homeDirectory}/.cache";
+    configHome = "${config.home.homeDirectory}/.config";
+    dataHome = "${config.home.homeDirectory}/.local/share";
+    stateHome = "${config.home.homeDirectory}/.local/state";
 
     # manage $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/mimeapps.list
     # xdg search all desktop entries from $XDG_DATA_DIRS, check it by command:
@@ -51,7 +56,7 @@
         "x-scheme-handler/unknown" = browser;
 
         "x-scheme-handler/discord" = ["discord.desktop"];
-        "x-scheme-handler/tg" = ["telegramdesktop.desktop"];
+        "x-scheme-handler/tg" = ["org.telegram.desktop.desktop "];
 
         "audio/*" = ["mpv.desktop"];
         "video/*" = ["mpv.dekstop"];

home/linux/hyprland/default.nix

@@ -11,17 +11,25 @@
   ];
 
   # NOTE:
-  #   (Required) NixOS Module: enables critical components needed to run Hyprland properly
-  #   (Optional) Home-manager module: lets you declaratively configure Hyprland
+  # We have to enable hyprland/i3's systemd user service in home-manager,
+  # so that gammastep/wallpaper-switcher's user service can be start correctly!
+  # they are all depending on hyprland/i3's user graphical-session
   wayland.windowManager.hyprland = {
     enable = true;
     package = hyprland.packages.${pkgs.system}.hyprland;
     settings = lib.mkForce {};
     extraConfig = builtins.readFile ./hypr-conf/hyprland.conf;
-    # programs.grammastep need this to be enabled.
+    # gammastep/wallpaper-switcher need this to be enabled.
     systemd.enable = true;
   };
 
+  # NOTE: this executable is used by greetd to start a wayland session when system boot up
+  # with such a vendor-no-locking script, we can switch to another wayland compositor without modifying greetd's config in NixOS module
+  home.file.".wayland-session" = {
+    source = "${pkgs.hyprland}/bin/Hyprland";
+    executable = true;
+  };
+
   # hyprland configs, based on https://github.com/notwidow/hyprland
   xdg.configFile = {
     "hypr/mako" = {

home/linux/hyprland/hypr-conf/scripts/startup

@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ for _prs in "${_ps[@]}"; do
 	fi
 done
 
-# Set wallpaper
-swaybg --output '*' --mode fill --image ~/.config/wallpapers/default_wallpaper &
+# Set wallpaper via a wallpaper.service
+# it will by start by home-manager automatically, do not need to restart it here.
+# systemctl --user restart wallpaper.service
 
 # Lauch notification daemon (mako)
 ~/.config/hypr/scripts/notifications &

home/linux/hyprland/packages.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{pkgs, ...}: {
+  home.packages = with pkgs; [
+    waybar # the status bar
+    swaybg # the wallpaper
+    swayidle # the idle timeout
+    swaylock # locking the screen
+    wlogout # logout menu
+    wl-clipboard # copying and pasting
+    hyprpicker # color picker
+
+    wf-recorder # creen recording
+    grim # taking screenshots
+    slurp # selecting a region to screenshot
+    # TODO replace by `flameshot gui --raw | wl-copy`
+
+    mako # the notification daemon, the same as dunst
+
+    yad # a fork of zenity, for creating dialogs
+
+    # audio
+    alsa-utils # provides amixer/alsamixer/...
+    mpd # for playing system sounds
+    mpc-cli # command-line mpd client
+    ncmpcpp # a mpd client with a UI
+    networkmanagerapplet # provide GUI app: nm-connection-editor
+  ];
+}

home/linux/i3/bin/logout

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i3-msg exit

home/linux/i3/config

@@ -261,8 +261,7 @@ exec --no-startup-id dex --autostart --environment i3
 exec --no-startup-id ~/.screenlayout/monitor.sh
 
 # set wallpaper
-# exec --no-startup-id sleep 2 && nitrogen --restore
-exec --no-startup-id sleep 1 && feh --bg-fill ~/.config/wallpapers/default_wallpaper
+exec --no-startup-id sleep 1 && systemctl --user restart wallpaper.service
 
 # set powersavings for display:
 exec --no-startup-id xset s 480 dpms 600 600 600

home/linux/i3/default.nix

@@ -1,35 +1,55 @@
-{pkgs, ...}: {
+_: {
   # i3 window manager's config, based on https://github.com/endeavouros-team/endeavouros-i3wm-setup
 
   imports = [
+    ./packages.nix
     ./x11-apps.nix
   ];
 
-  home.file = {
-    ".config/i3/config".source = ./config;
-    ".config/i3/i3blocks.conf".source = ./i3blocks.conf;
-    ".config/i3/scripts" = {
+  # NOTE:
+  # We have to enable hyprland/i3's systemd user service in home-manager,
+  # so that gammastep/wallpaper-switcher's user service can be start correctly!
+  # they are all depending on hyprland/i3's user graphical-session
+  xsession = {
+    enable = true;
+    windowManager.i3 = {
+      enable = true;
+      extraConfig = builtins.readFile ./config;
+    };
+    # Path, relative to HOME, where Home Manager should write the X session script.
+    # and NixOS will use it to start xorg session when system boot up
+    scriptPath = ".xsession";
+  };
+
+  xdg.configFile = {
+    "i3/i3blocks.conf".source = ./i3blocks.conf;
+    "i3/scripts" = {
       source = ./scripts;
       # copy the scripts directory recursively
       recursive = true;
       executable = true; # make all scripts executable
     };
-    ".config/i3/layouts" = {
+    "i3/layouts" = {
       source = ./layouts;
       recursive = true;
     };
-
     # rofi is a application launcher and dmenu replacement
-    ".config/rofi" = {
+    "rofi" = {
       source = ./rofi-conf;
       # copy the scripts directory recursively
       recursive = true;
     };
+  };
 
+  home.file = {
     ".local/bin/bright" = {
       source = ./bin/bright;
       executable = true;
     };
+    ".local/bin/logout" = {
+      source = ./bin/logout;
+      executable = true;
+    };
 
     # xrandr - set primary screen
     ".screenlayout/monitor.sh".source = ./dual-monitor-4k-1080p.sh;

home/linux/i3/packages.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{pkgs, ...}: {
+  home.packages = with pkgs; [
+    rofi # application launcher, the same as dmenu
+    dunst # notification daemon
+    i3blocks # status bar
+    i3lock # default i3 screen locker
+    xautolock # lock screen after some time
+    i3status # provide information to i3bar
+    i3-gaps # i3 with gaps
+    picom # transparency and shadows
+    feh # set wallpaper
+    xcolor # color picker
+
+    acpi # battery information
+    arandr # screen layout manager
+    dex # autostart applications
+    xbindkeys # bind keys to commands
+    xorg.xbacklight # control screen brightness, the same as light
+    xorg.xdpyinfo # get screen information
+    scrot # minimal screen capture tool, used by i3 blur lock to take a screenshot
+    sysstat # get system information
+    alsa-utils # provides amixer/alsamixer/...
+  ];
+}

modules/nixos/i3.nix

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-{pkgs, ...}: {
-  ####################################################################
-  #
-  #  NixOS's Configuration for I3 Window Manager
-  #
-  ####################################################################
-
-  imports = [
-    ./base/i18n.nix
-    ./base/misc.nix
-    ./base/networking.nix
-    ./base/remote-building.nix
-    ./base/user-group.nix
-    ./base/visualisation.nix
-
-    ./desktop
-    ../base.nix
-  ];
-
-  # i3 related options
-  services = {
-    gvfs.enable = true; # Mount, trash, and other functionalities
-    tumbler.enable = true; # Thumbnail support for images
-
-    xserver = {
-      enable = true;
-      displayManager = {
-        lightdm.enable = true;
-        autoLogin = {
-          enable = true;
-          user = "ryan";
-        };
-        defaultSession = "none+i3";
-      };
-      # Configure keymap in X11
-      xkb.layout = "us";
-
-      windowManager.i3 = {
-        enable = true;
-        extraPackages = with pkgs; [
-          rofi # application launcher, the same as dmenu
-          dunst # notification daemon
-          i3blocks # status bar
-          i3lock # default i3 screen locker
-          xautolock # lock screen after some time
-          i3status # provide information to i3bar
-          i3-gaps # i3 with gaps
-          picom # transparency and shadows
-          feh # set wallpaper
-          xcolor # color picker
-
-          acpi # battery information
-          arandr # screen layout manager
-          dex # autostart applications
-          xbindkeys # bind keys to commands
-          xorg.xbacklight # control screen brightness, the same as light
-          xorg.xdpyinfo # get screen information
-          scrot # minimal screen capture tool, used by i3 blur lock to take a screenshot
-          sysstat # get system information
-          alsa-utils # provides amixer/alsamixer/...
-        ];
-      };
-    };
-  };
-}

modules/nixos/wayland.nix

@@ -28,48 +28,23 @@
   };
 
   services = {
-    xserver.enable = false;
+    xserver.enable = false; # disable xorg server
     # https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Greetd
     greetd = {
       enable = true;
       settings = {
         default_session = {
-          user = "ryan"; # Hyprland is installed only for user ryan via home-manager!
-          command = "Hyprland"; # start Hyprland directly without a login manager
-          # command = "${pkgs.greetd.tuigreet}/bin/tuigreet --time --cmd Hyprland";  # start Hyprland with a TUI login manager
+          # Wayland Desktop Manager is installed only for user ryan via home-manager!
+          user = "ryan";
+          # .wayland-session is a script generated by home-manager, which links to the current wayland compositor(sway/hyprland or others).
+          # with such a vendor-no-locking script, we can switch to another wayland compositor without modifying greetd's config here.
+          command = "$HOME/.wayland-session"; # start a wayland session directly without a login manager
+          # command = "${pkgs.greetd.tuigreet}/bin/tuigreet --time --cmd $HOME/.wayland-session";  # start wayland session with a TUI login manager
         };
       };
     };
   };
 
-  # List packages installed in system profile. To search, run:
-  # $ nix search wget
-  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
-    waybar # the status bar
-    swaybg # the wallpaper
-    swayidle # the idle timeout
-    swaylock # locking the screen
-    wlogout # logout menu
-    wl-clipboard # copying and pasting
-    hyprpicker # color picker
-
-    wf-recorder # creen recording
-    grim # taking screenshots
-    slurp # selecting a region to screenshot
-    # TODO replace by `flameshot gui --raw | wl-copy`
-
-    mako # the notification daemon, the same as dunst
-
-    yad # a fork of zenity, for creating dialogs
-
-    # audio
-    alsa-utils # provides amixer/alsamixer/...
-    mpd # for playing system sounds
-    mpc-cli # command-line mpd client
-    ncmpcpp # a mpd client with a UI
-    networkmanagerapplet # provide GUI app: nm-connection-editor
-  ];
-
   # fix https://github.com/ryan4yin/nix-config/issues/10
   security.pam.services.swaylock = {};
 }

modules/nixos/xorg.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{pkgs, ...}: {
+  ####################################################################
+  #
+  #  NixOS's Configuration for Xorg Server
+  #
+  ####################################################################
+
+  imports = [
+    ./base/i18n.nix
+    ./base/misc.nix
+    ./base/networking.nix
+    ./base/remote-building.nix
+    ./base/user-group.nix
+    ./base/visualisation.nix
+
+    ./desktop
+    ../base.nix
+  ];
+
+  services = {
+    gvfs.enable = true; # Mount, trash, and other functionalities
+    tumbler.enable = true; # Thumbnail support for images
+
+    xserver = {
+      enable = true;
+      displayManager = {
+        lightdm.enable = true;
+        autoLogin = {
+          enable = true;
+          user = "ryan";
+        };
+        # use a fake session to skip desktop manager
+        # and let Home Manager take care of the X session
+        defaultSession = "hm-session";
+      };
+      desktopManager = {
+        runXdgAutostartIfNone = true;
+        session = [
+          {
+            name = "hm-session";
+            manage = "window";
+            start = ''
+              ${pkgs.runtimeShell} $HOME/.xsession &
+              waitPID=$!
+            '';
+          }
+        ];
+      };
+      # Configure keymap in X11
+      xkb.layout = "us";
+    };
+  };
+}

systems/vars.nix

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
     nixos-modules = [
       ../hosts/idols/ai
       ../secrets/nixos.nix
-      ../modules/nixos/i3.nix
+      ../modules/nixos/xorg.nix
     ];
     home-module = import ../home/linux/desktop-i3.nix;
   };
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     nixos-modules = [
       ../hosts/idols/ai
       ../secrets/nixos.nix
-      ../modules/nixos/hyprland.nix
+      ../modules/nixos/wayland.nix
     ];
     home-module = import ../home/linux/desktop-hyprland.nix;
   };