Merge branch 'main' into web-auth-flow-tests

Otherwise we are getting utils.go:119:6: `decode` is unused (deadcode)

Signed-off-by: Juan Font Alonso <juanfontalonso@gmail.com>

.dockerignore

@@ -17,7 +17,3 @@ LICENSE
 .vscode
 
 *.sock
-
-node_modules/
-package-lock.json
-package.json

.editorconfig

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-root = true
-
-[*]
-charset = utf-8
-end_of_line = lf
-indent_size = 2
-indent_style = space
-insert_final_newline = true
-trim_trailing_whitespace = true
-max_line_length = 120
-
-[*.go]
-indent_style = tab
-
-[Makefile]
-indent_style = tab

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 * @juanfont @kradalby
 
-*.md @ohdearaugustin @nblock
-*.yml @ohdearaugustin @nblock
-*.yaml @ohdearaugustin @nblock
-Dockerfile* @ohdearaugustin @nblock
-.goreleaser.yaml @ohdearaugustin @nblock
-/docs/ @ohdearaugustin @nblock
-/.github/workflows/ @ohdearaugustin @nblock
-/.github/renovate.json @ohdearaugustin @nblock
+*.md @ohdearaugustin
+*.yml @ohdearaugustin
+*.yaml @ohdearaugustin
+Dockerfile* @ohdearaugustin
+.goreleaser.yaml @ohdearaugustin
+/docs/ @ohdearaugustin
+/.github/workflows/ @ohdearaugustin
+/.github/renovate.json @ohdearaugustin

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# These are supported funding model platforms
-
-ko_fi: headscale

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+name: "Bug report"
+about: "Create a bug report to help us improve"
+title: ""
+labels: ["bug"]
+assignees: ""
+---
+
+<!-- Headscale is a multinational community across the globe. Our common language is English. Please consider raising the bug report in this language. -->
+
+**Bug description**
+
+<!-- A clear and concise description of what the bug is. Describe the expected bahavior
+  and how it is currently different. If you are unsure if it is a bug, consider discussing
+  it on our Discord server first. -->
+
+**To Reproduce**
+
+<!-- Steps to reproduce the behavior. -->
+
+**Context info**
+
+<!-- Please add relevant information about your system. For example:
+- Version of headscale used
+- Version of tailscale client
+- OS (e.g. Linux, Mac, Cygwin, WSL, etc.) and version
+- Kernel version
+- The relevant config parameters you used
+- Log output
+-->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yaml

@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-name: 🐞 Bug
-description: File a bug/issue
-title: "[Bug] <title>"
-labels: ["bug", "needs triage"]
-body:
-  - type: checkboxes
-    attributes:
-      label: Is this a support request?
-      description: This issue tracker is for bugs and feature requests only. If you need
-        help, please use ask in our Discord community
-      options:
-        - label: This is not a support request
-          required: true
-  - type: checkboxes
-    attributes:
-      label: Is there an existing issue for this?
-      description: Please search to see if an issue already exists for the bug you
-        encountered.
-      options:
-        - label: I have searched the existing issues
-          required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Current Behavior
-      description: A concise description of what you're experiencing.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Expected Behavior
-      description: A concise description of what you expected to happen.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Steps To Reproduce
-      description: Steps to reproduce the behavior.
-      placeholder: |
-        1. In this environment...
-        1. With this config...
-        1. Run '...'
-        1. See error...
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Environment
-      description: |
-        Please provide information about your environment.
-        If you are using a container, always provide the headscale version and not only the Docker image version.
-        Please do not put "latest".
-
-        Describe your "headscale network". Is there a lot of nodes, are the nodes all interconnected, are some subnet routers?
-
-        If you are experiencing a problem during an upgrade, please provide the versions of the old and new versions of Headscale and Tailscale.
-
-        examples:
-          - **OS**: Ubuntu 24.04
-          - **Headscale version**: 0.24.3
-          - **Tailscale version**: 1.80.0
-          - **Number of nodes**: 20
-      value: |
-        - OS:
-        - Headscale version:
-        - Tailscale version:
-      render: markdown
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: checkboxes
-    attributes:
-      label: Runtime environment
-      options:
-        - label: Headscale is behind a (reverse) proxy
-          required: false
-        - label: Headscale runs in a container
-          required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Debug information
-      description: |
-        Please have a look at our [Debugging and troubleshooting
-        guide](https://headscale.net/development/ref/debug/) to learn about
-        common debugging techniques.
-
-        Links? References? Anything that will give us more context about the issue you are encountering.
-        If **any** of these are omitted we will likely close your issue, do **not** ignore them.
-
-        - Client netmap dump (see below)
-        - Policy configuration
-        - Headscale configuration
-        - Headscale log (with `trace` enabled)
-
-        Dump the netmap of tailscale clients:
-        `tailscale debug netmap > DESCRIPTIVE_NAME.json`
-
-        Dump the status of tailscale clients:
-        `tailscale status --json > DESCRIPTIVE_NAME.json`
-
-        Get the logs of a Tailscale client that is not working as expected.
-        `tailscale debug daemon-logs`
-
-        Tip: You can attach images or log files by clicking this area to highlight it and then dragging files in.
-        **Ensure** you use formatting for files you attach.
-        Do **not** paste in long files.
-    validations:
-      required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ blank_issues_enabled: false
 
 # Contact links
 contact_links:
-  - name: "headscale Discord community"
-    url: "https://discord.gg/c84AZQhmpx"
-    about: "Please ask and answer questions about usage of headscale here."
   - name: "headscale usage documentation"
-    url: "https://headscale.net/"
+    url: "https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/blob/main/docs"
     about: "Find documentation about how to configure and run headscale."
+  - name: "headscale Discord community"
+    url: "https://discord.gg/xGj2TuqyxY"
+    about: "Please ask and answer questions about usage of headscale here."

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+name: "Feature request"
+about: "Suggest an idea for headscale"
+title: ""
+labels: ["enhancement"]
+assignees: ""
+---
+
+<!-- Headscale is a multinational community across the globe. Our common language is English. Please consider raising the feature request in this language. -->
+
+**Feature request**
+
+<!-- A clear and precise description of what new or changed feature you want. -->
+
+<!-- Please include the reason, why you would need the feature. E.g. what problem
+  does it solve? Or which workflow is currently frustrating and will be improved by
+  this? -->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yaml

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-name: 🚀 Feature Request
-description: Suggest an idea for Headscale
-title: "[Feature] <title>"
-labels: [enhancement]
-body:
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Use case
-      description: Please describe the use case for this feature.
-      placeholder: |
-        <!-- Include the reason, why you would need the feature. E.g. what problem
-          does it solve? Or which workflow is currently frustrating and will be improved by
-          this? -->
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: A clear and precise description of what new or changed feature you want.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: checkboxes
-    attributes:
-      label: Contribution
-      description: Are you willing to contribute to the implementation of this feature?
-      options:
-        - label: I can write the design doc for this feature
-          required: false
-        - label: I can contribute this feature
-          required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    attributes:
-      label: How can it be implemented?
-      description: Free text for your ideas on how this feature could be implemented.
-    validations:
-      required: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/other_issue.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+name: "Other issue"
+about: "Report a different issue"
+title: ""
+labels: ["bug"]
+assignees: ""
+---
+
+<!-- Headscale is a multinational community across the globe. Our common language is English. Please consider raising the issue in this language. -->
+
+<!-- If you have a question, please consider using our Discord for asking questions -->
+
+**Issue description**
+
+<!-- Please add your issue description. -->
+
+**To Reproduce**
+
+<!-- Steps to reproduce the behavior. -->
+
+**Context info**
+
+<!-- Please add relevant information about your system. For example:
+- Version of headscale used
+- Version of tailscale client
+- OS (e.g. Linux, Mac, Cygwin, WSL, etc.) and version
+- Kernel version
+- The relevant config parameters you used
+- Log output
+-->

.github/label-response/needs-more-info.md

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-Thank you for taking the time to report this issue.
-
-To help us investigate and resolve this, we need more information. Please provide the following:
-
-> [!TIP]
-> Most issues turn out to be configuration errors rather than bugs. We encourage you to discuss your problem in our [Discord community](https://discord.gg/c84AZQhmpx) **before** opening an issue. The community can often help identify misconfigurations quickly, saving everyone time.
-
-## Required Information
-
-### Environment Details
-
-- **Headscale version**: (run `headscale version`)
-- **Tailscale client version**: (run `tailscale version`)
-- **Operating System**: (e.g., Ubuntu 24.04, macOS 14, Windows 11)
-- **Deployment method**: (binary, Docker, Kubernetes, etc.)
-- **Reverse proxy**: (if applicable: nginx, Traefik, Caddy, etc. - include configuration)
-
-### Debug Information
-
-Please follow our [Debugging and Troubleshooting Guide](https://headscale.net/stable/ref/debug/) and provide:
-
-1. **Client netmap dump** (from affected Tailscale client):
-
-   ```bash
-   tailscale debug netmap > netmap.json
-   ```
-
-2. **Client status dump** (from affected Tailscale client):
-
-   ```bash
-   tailscale status --json > status.json
-   ```
-
-3. **Tailscale client logs** (if experiencing client issues):
-
-   ```bash
-   tailscale debug daemon-logs
-   ```
-
-   > [!IMPORTANT]
-   > We need logs from **multiple nodes** to understand the full picture:
-   >
-   > - The node(s) initiating connections
-   > - The node(s) being connected to
-   >
-   > Without logs from both sides, we cannot diagnose connectivity issues.
-
-4. **Headscale server logs** with `log.level: trace` enabled
-
-5. **Headscale configuration** (with sensitive values redacted - see rules below)
-
-6. **ACL/Policy configuration** (if using ACLs)
-
-7. **Proxy/Docker configuration** (if applicable - nginx.conf, docker-compose.yml, Traefik config, etc.)
-
-## Formatting Requirements
-
-- **Attach long files** - Do not paste large logs or configurations inline. Use GitHub file attachments or GitHub Gists.
-- **Use proper Markdown** - Format code blocks, logs, and configurations with appropriate syntax highlighting.
-- **Structure your response** - Use the headings above to organize your information clearly.
-
-## Redaction Rules
-
-> [!CAUTION]
-> **Replace, do not remove.** Removing information makes debugging impossible.
-
-When redacting sensitive information:
-
-- ✅ **Replace consistently** - If you change `alice@company.com` to `user1@example.com`, use `user1@example.com` everywhere (logs, config, policy, etc.)
-- ✅ **Use meaningful placeholders** - `user1@example.com`, `bob@example.com`, `my-secret-key` are acceptable
-- ❌ **Never remove information** - Gaps in data prevent us from correlating events across logs
-- ❌ **Never redact IP addresses** - We need the actual IPs to trace network paths and identify issues
-
-**If redaction rules are not followed, we will be unable to debug the issue and will have to close it.**
-
----
-
-**Note:** This issue will be automatically closed in 3 days if no additional information is provided. Once you reply with the requested information, the `needs-more-info` label will be removed automatically.
-
-If you need help gathering this information, please visit our [Discord community](https://discord.gg/c84AZQhmpx).

.github/label-response/support-request.md

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-Thank you for reaching out.
-
-This issue tracker is used for **bug reports and feature requests** only. Your question appears to be a support or configuration question rather than a bug report.
-
-For help with setup, configuration, or general questions, please visit our [Discord community](https://discord.gg/c84AZQhmpx) where the community and maintainers can assist you in real-time.
-
-**Before posting in Discord, please check:**
-
-- [Documentation](https://headscale.net/)
-- [FAQ](https://headscale.net/stable/faq/)
-- [Debugging and Troubleshooting Guide](https://headscale.net/stable/ref/debug/)
-
-If after troubleshooting you determine this is actually a bug, please open a new issue with the required debug information from the troubleshooting guide.
-
-This issue has been automatically closed.

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -1,18 +1,6 @@
-<!--
-Headscale is "Open Source, acknowledged contribution", this means that any
-contribution will have to be discussed with the Maintainers before being submitted.
-
-This model has been chosen to reduce the risk of burnout by limiting the
-maintenance overhead of reviewing and validating third-party code.
-
-Headscale is open to code contributions for bug fixes without discussion.
-
-If you find mistakes in the documentation, please submit a fix to the documentation.
--->
-
 <!-- Please tick if the following things apply. You… -->
 
-- [ ] have read the [CONTRIBUTING.md](./CONTRIBUTING.md) file
+- [ ] read the [CONTRIBUTING guidelines](README.md#contributing)
 - [ ] raised a GitHub issue or discussed it on the projects chat beforehand
 - [ ] added unit tests
 - [ ] added integration tests

.github/renovate.json

@@ -6,27 +6,31 @@
   "onboarding": false,
   "extends": ["config:base", ":rebaseStalePrs"],
   "ignorePresets": [":prHourlyLimit2"],
-  "enabledManagers": ["dockerfile", "gomod", "github-actions", "regex"],
+  "enabledManagers": ["dockerfile", "gomod", "github-actions","regex" ],
   "includeForks": true,
   "repositories": ["juanfont/headscale"],
   "platform": "github",
   "packageRules": [
     {
-      "matchDatasources": ["go"],
-      "groupName": "Go modules",
-      "groupSlug": "gomod",
-      "separateMajorMinor": false
+        "matchDatasources": ["go"],
+        "groupName": "Go modules",
+        "groupSlug": "gomod",
+        "separateMajorMinor": false
     },
     {
-      "matchDatasources": ["docker"],
-      "groupName": "Dockerfiles",
-      "groupSlug": "dockerfiles"
-    }
+        "matchDatasources": ["docker"],
+        "groupName": "Dockerfiles",
+        "groupSlug": "dockerfiles"
+    } 
   ],
   "regexManagers": [
     {
-      "fileMatch": [".github/workflows/.*.yml$"],
-      "matchStrings": ["\\s*go-version:\\s*\"?(?<currentValue>.*?)\"?\\n"],
+      "fileMatch": [
+          ".github/workflows/.*.yml$"
+      ],
+      "matchStrings": [
+        "\\s*go-version:\\s*\"?(?<currentValue>.*?)\"?\\n"
+      ],
       "datasourceTemplate": "golang-version",
       "depNameTemplate": "actions/go-version"
     }

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -5,96 +5,38 @@ on:
     branches:
       - main
   pull_request:
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
+    branches:
+      - main
 
 jobs:
-  build-nix:
+  build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions: write-all
+
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
+
       - name: Get changed files
         id: changed-files
-        uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36 # v3.0.2
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v34
         with:
-          filters: |
-            files:
-              - '*.nix'
-              - 'go.*'
-              - '**/*.go'
-              - 'integration_test/'
-              - 'config-example.yaml'
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        with:
-          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
-            '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
+          files: |
+            *.nix
+            go.*
+            **/*.go
+            integration_test/
+            config-example.yaml
 
-      - name: Run nix build
-        id: build
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        run: |
-          nix build |& tee build-result
-          BUILD_STATUS="${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
+      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v16
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
 
-          OLD_HASH=$(cat build-result | grep specified: | awk -F ':' '{print $2}' | sed 's/ //g')
-          NEW_HASH=$(cat build-result | grep got: | awk -F ':' '{print $2}' | sed 's/ //g')
+      - name: Run build
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        run: nix build
 
-          echo "OLD_HASH=$OLD_HASH" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo "NEW_HASH=$NEW_HASH" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-          exit $BUILD_STATUS
-
-      - name: Nix gosum diverging
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
-        if: failure() && steps.build.outcome == 'failure'
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
-          script: |
-            github.rest.pulls.createReviewComment({
-              pull_number: context.issue.number,
-              owner: context.repo.owner,
-              repo: context.repo.repo,
-              body: 'Nix build failed with wrong gosum, please update "vendorSha256" (${{ steps.build.outputs.OLD_HASH }}) for the "headscale" package in flake.nix with the new SHA: ${{ steps.build.outputs.NEW_HASH }}'
-            })
-
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
         with:
           name: headscale-linux
           path: result/bin/headscale
-  build-cross:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        env:
-          - "GOARCH=arm64 GOOS=linux"
-          - "GOARCH=amd64 GOOS=linux"
-          - "GOARCH=arm64 GOOS=darwin"
-          - "GOARCH=amd64 GOOS=darwin"
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
-        with:
-          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
-            '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
-
-      - name: Run go cross compile
-        env:
-          CGO_ENABLED: 0
-        run: env ${{ matrix.env }} nix develop --command -- go build -o "headscale"
-          ./cmd/headscale
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
-        with:
-          name: "headscale-${{ matrix.env }}"
-          path: "headscale"

.github/workflows/check-generated.yml

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-name: Check Generated Files
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - main
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  check-generated:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 2
-      - name: Get changed files
-        id: changed-files
-        uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36 # v3.0.2
-        with:
-          filters: |
-            files:
-              - '*.nix'
-              - 'go.*'
-              - '**/*.go'
-              - '**/*.proto'
-              - 'buf.gen.yaml'
-              - 'tools/**'
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        with:
-          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix', '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
-
-      - name: Run make generate
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        run: nix develop --command -- make generate
-
-      - name: Check for uncommitted changes
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        run: |
-          if ! git diff --exit-code; then
-            echo "❌ Generated files are not up to date!"
-            echo "Please run 'make generate' and commit the changes."
-            exit 1
-          else
-            echo "✅ All generated files are up to date."
-          fi

.github/workflows/check-tests.yaml

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-name: Check integration tests workflow
-
-on: [pull_request]
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  check-tests:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 2
-      - name: Get changed files
-        id: changed-files
-        uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36 # v3.0.2
-        with:
-          filters: |
-            files:
-              - '*.nix'
-              - 'go.*'
-              - '**/*.go'
-              - 'integration_test/'
-              - 'config-example.yaml'
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        with:
-          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
-            '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
-
-      - name: Generate and check integration tests
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        run: |
-          nix develop --command bash -c "cd .github/workflows && go generate"
-          git diff --exit-code .github/workflows/test-integration.yaml
-
-      - name: Show missing tests
-        if: failure()
-        run: |
-          git diff .github/workflows/test-integration.yaml

.github/workflows/container-main.yml

@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Build (main)
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-    paths:
-      - "*.nix"
-      - "go.*"
-      - "**/*.go"
-      - ".github/workflows/container-main.yml"
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.sha }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  container:
-    if: github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      packages: write
-      contents: read
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-
-      - name: Login to DockerHub
-        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
-        with:
-          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Login to GHCR
-        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
-        with:
-          registry: ghcr.io
-          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
-        with:
-          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
-            '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
-
-      - name: Set commit timestamp
-        run: echo "SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=$(git log -1 --format=%ct)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-      - name: Build and push to GHCR
-        env:
-          KO_DOCKER_REPO: ghcr.io/juanfont/headscale
-          KO_DEFAULTBASEIMAGE: gcr.io/distroless/base-debian13
-          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
-        run: |
-          nix develop --command -- ko build \
-            --bare \
-            --platform=linux/amd64,linux/arm64 \
-            --tags=main-${GITHUB_SHA::7} \
-            ./cmd/headscale
-
-      - name: Push to Docker Hub
-        env:
-          KO_DOCKER_REPO: headscale/headscale
-          KO_DEFAULTBASEIMAGE: gcr.io/distroless/base-debian13
-          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
-        run: |
-          nix develop --command -- ko build \
-            --bare \
-            --platform=linux/amd64,linux/arm64 \
-            --tags=main-${GITHUB_SHA::7} \
-            ./cmd/headscale
-
-  binaries:
-    if: github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - goos: linux
-            goarch: amd64
-          - goos: linux
-            goarch: arm64
-          - goos: darwin
-            goarch: amd64
-          - goos: darwin
-            goarch: arm64
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
-        with:
-          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
-            '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
-
-      - name: Build binary
-        env:
-          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
-          GOOS: ${{ matrix.goos }}
-          GOARCH: ${{ matrix.goarch }}
-        run: nix develop --command -- go build -o headscale ./cmd/headscale
-
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
-        with:
-          name: headscale-${{ matrix.goos }}-${{ matrix.goarch }}
-          path: headscale

.github/workflows/contributors.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+name: Contributors
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+  workflow_dispatch:
+jobs:
+  add-contributors:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Delete upstream contributor branch
+        # Allow continue on failure to account for when the
+        # upstream branch is deleted or does not exist.
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: git push origin --delete update-contributors
+      - name: Create up-to-date contributors branch
+        run: git checkout -B update-contributors
+      - name: Push empty contributors branch
+        run: git push origin update-contributors
+      - name: Switch back to main
+        run: git checkout main
+      - uses: BobAnkh/add-contributors@v0.2.2
+        with:
+          CONTRIBUTOR: "## Contributors"
+          COLUMN_PER_ROW: "6"
+          ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
+          IMG_WIDTH: "100"
+          FONT_SIZE: "14"
+          PATH: "/README.md"
+          COMMIT_MESSAGE: "docs(README): update contributors"
+          AVATAR_SHAPE: "round"
+          BRANCH: "update-contributors"
+          PULL_REQUEST: "main"

.github/workflows/docs-deploy.yml

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-name: Deploy docs
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      # Main branch for development docs
-      - main
-
-      # Doc maintenance branches
-      - doc/[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+
-    tags:
-      # Stable release tags
-      - v[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+
-    paths:
-      - "docs/**"
-      - "mkdocs.yml"
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
-  deploy:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: Install python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.x
-      - name: Setup cache
-        uses: actions/cache@a7833574556fa59680c1b7cb190c1735db73ebf0 # v5.0.0
-        with:
-          key: ${{ github.ref }}
-          path: .cache
-      - name: Setup dependencies
-        run: pip install -r docs/requirements.txt
-      - name: Configure git
-        run: |
-          git config user.name github-actions
-          git config user.email github-actions@github.com
-      - name: Deploy development docs
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
-        run: mike deploy --push development unstable
-      - name: Deploy stable docs from doc branches
-        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/heads/doc/')
-        run: mike deploy --push ${GITHUB_REF_NAME##*/}
-      - name: Deploy stable docs from tag
-        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
-        # This assumes that only newer tags are pushed
-        run: mike deploy --push --update-aliases ${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v} stable latest

.github/workflows/docs-test.yml

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-name: Test documentation build
-
-on: [pull_request]
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-      - name: Install python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.x
-      - name: Setup cache
-        uses: actions/cache@a7833574556fa59680c1b7cb190c1735db73ebf0 # v5.0.0
-        with:
-          key: ${{ github.ref }}
-          path: .cache
-      - name: Setup dependencies
-        run: pip install -r docs/requirements.txt
-      - name: Build docs
-        run: mkdocs build --strict

.github/workflows/gh-action-integration-generator.go

@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-//go:generate go run ./gh-action-integration-generator.go
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"os/exec"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-// testsToSplit defines tests that should be split into multiple CI jobs.
-// Key is the test function name, value is a list of subtest prefixes.
-// Each prefix becomes a separate CI job as "TestName/prefix".
-//
-// Example: TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork has subtests like:
-//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-tag-advertiseduringup-false-pol-database
-//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-user-advertiseduringup-true-pol-file
-//
-// Splitting by approver type (tag, user, group) creates 6 CI jobs with 4 tests each:
-//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-tag.* (4 tests)
-//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-user.* (4 tests)
-//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-group.* (4 tests)
-//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-tag.* (4 tests)
-//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-user.* (4 tests)
-//   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-group.* (4 tests)
-//
-// This reduces load per CI job (4 tests instead of 12) to avoid infrastructure
-// flakiness when running many sequential Docker-based integration tests.
-var testsToSplit = map[string][]string{
-	"TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork": {
-		"authkey-tag",
-		"authkey-user",
-		"authkey-group",
-		"webauth-tag",
-		"webauth-user",
-		"webauth-group",
-	},
-}
-
-// expandTests takes a list of test names and expands any that need splitting
-// into multiple subtest patterns.
-func expandTests(tests []string) []string {
-	var expanded []string
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		if prefixes, ok := testsToSplit[test]; ok {
-			// This test should be split into multiple jobs.
-			// We append ".*" to each prefix because the CI runner wraps patterns
-			// with ^...$ anchors. Without ".*", a pattern like "authkey$" wouldn't
-			// match "authkey-tag-advertiseduringup-false-pol-database".
-			for _, prefix := range prefixes {
-				expanded = append(expanded, fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s.*", test, prefix))
-			}
-		} else {
-			expanded = append(expanded, test)
-		}
-	}
-	return expanded
-}
-
-func findTests() []string {
-	rgBin, err := exec.LookPath("rg")
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to find rg (ripgrep) binary")
-	}
-
-	args := []string{
-		"--type", "go",
-		"--regexp", "func (Test.+)\\(.*",
-		"../../integration/",
-		"--replace", "$1",
-		"--sort", "path",
-		"--no-line-number",
-		"--no-filename",
-		"--no-heading",
-	}
-
-	cmd := exec.Command(rgBin, args...)
-	var out bytes.Buffer
-	cmd.Stdout = &out
-	err = cmd.Run()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to run command: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	tests := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(out.String()), "\n")
-	return tests
-}
-
-func updateYAML(tests []string, jobName string, testPath string) {
-	testsForYq := fmt.Sprintf("[%s]", strings.Join(tests, ", "))
-
-	yqCommand := fmt.Sprintf(
-		"yq eval '.jobs.%s.strategy.matrix.test = %s' %s -i",
-		jobName,
-		testsForYq,
-		testPath,
-	)
-	cmd := exec.Command("bash", "-c", yqCommand)
-
-	var stdout bytes.Buffer
-	var stderr bytes.Buffer
-	cmd.Stdout = &stdout
-	cmd.Stderr = &stderr
-	err := cmd.Run()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("stdout: %s", stdout.String())
-		log.Printf("stderr: %s", stderr.String())
-		log.Fatalf("failed to run yq command: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	fmt.Printf("YAML file (%s) job %s updated successfully\n", testPath, jobName)
-}
-
-func main() {
-	tests := findTests()
-
-	// Expand tests that should be split into multiple jobs
-	expandedTests := expandTests(tests)
-
-	quotedTests := make([]string, len(expandedTests))
-	for i, test := range expandedTests {
-		quotedTests[i] = fmt.Sprintf("\"%s\"", test)
-	}
-
-	// Define selected tests for PostgreSQL
-	postgresTestNames := []string{
-		"TestACLAllowUserDst",
-		"TestPingAllByIP",
-		"TestEphemeral2006DeletedTooQuickly",
-		"TestPingAllByIPManyUpDown",
-		"TestSubnetRouterMultiNetwork",
-	}
-
-	quotedPostgresTests := make([]string, len(postgresTestNames))
-	for i, test := range postgresTestNames {
-		quotedPostgresTests[i] = fmt.Sprintf("\"%s\"", test)
-	}
-
-	// Update both SQLite and PostgreSQL job matrices
-	updateYAML(quotedTests, "sqlite", "./test-integration.yaml")
-	updateYAML(quotedPostgresTests, "postgres", "./test-integration.yaml")
-}

.github/workflows/gh-actions-updater.yaml

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-name: GitHub Actions Version Updater
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    # Automatically run on every Sunday
-    - cron: "0 0 * * 0"
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    if: github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-        with:
-          # [Required] Access token with `workflow` scope.
-          token: ${{ secrets.WORKFLOW_SECRET }}
-
-      - name: Run GitHub Actions Version Updater
-        uses: saadmk11/github-actions-version-updater@d8781caf11d11168579c8e5e94f62b068038f442 # v0.9.0
-        with:
-          # [Required] Access token with `workflow` scope.
-          token: ${{ secrets.WORKFLOW_SECRET }}

.github/workflows/integration-test-template.yml

@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-name: Integration Test Template
-
-on:
-  workflow_call:
-    inputs:
-      test:
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      postgres_flag:
-        required: false
-        type: string
-        default: ""
-      database_name:
-        required: true
-        type: string
-
-jobs:
-  test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-    env:
-      # Github does not allow us to access secrets in pull requests,
-      # so this env var is used to check if we have the secret or not.
-      # If we have the secrets, meaning we are running on push in a fork,
-      # there might be secrets available for more debugging.
-      # If TS_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID and TS_OAUTH_SECRET is set, then the job
-      # will join a debug tailscale network, set up SSH and a tmux session.
-      # The SSH will be configured to use the SSH key of the Github user
-      # that triggered the build.
-      HAS_TAILSCALE_SECRET: ${{ secrets.TS_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 2
-      - name: Tailscale
-        if: ${{ env.HAS_TAILSCALE_SECRET }}
-        uses: tailscale/github-action@a392da0a182bba0e9613b6243ebd69529b1878aa # v4.1.0
-        with:
-          oauth-client-id: ${{ secrets.TS_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID }}
-          oauth-secret: ${{ secrets.TS_OAUTH_SECRET }}
-          tags: tag:gh
-      - name: Setup SSH server for Actor
-        if: ${{ env.HAS_TAILSCALE_SECRET }}
-        uses: alexellis/setup-sshd-actor@master
-      - name: Download headscale image
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: headscale-image
-          path: /tmp/artifacts
-      - name: Download tailscale HEAD image
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: tailscale-head-image
-          path: /tmp/artifacts
-      - name: Download hi binary
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: hi-binary
-          path: /tmp/artifacts
-      - name: Download Go cache
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: go-cache
-          path: /tmp/artifacts
-      - name: Download postgres image
-        if: ${{ inputs.postgres_flag == '--postgres=1' }}
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: postgres-image
-          path: /tmp/artifacts
-      - name: Pin Docker to v28 (avoid v29 breaking changes)
-        run: |
-          # Docker 29 breaks docker build via Go client libraries and
-          # docker load/save with certain tarball formats.
-          # Pin to Docker 28.x until our tooling is updated.
-          # https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/13474
-          sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
-          curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
-            | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
-          echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
-            https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" \
-            | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
-          sudo apt-get update -qq
-          VERSION=$(apt-cache madison docker-ce | grep '28\.5' | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')
-          sudo apt-get install -y --allow-downgrades \
-            "docker-ce=${VERSION}" "docker-ce-cli=${VERSION}"
-          sudo systemctl restart docker
-          docker version
-      - name: Load Docker images, Go cache, and prepare binary
-        run: |
-          gunzip -c /tmp/artifacts/headscale-image.tar.gz | docker load
-          gunzip -c /tmp/artifacts/tailscale-head-image.tar.gz | docker load
-          if [ -f /tmp/artifacts/postgres-image.tar.gz ]; then
-            gunzip -c /tmp/artifacts/postgres-image.tar.gz | docker load
-          fi
-          chmod +x /tmp/artifacts/hi
-          docker images
-          # Extract Go cache to host directories for bind mounting
-          mkdir -p /tmp/go-cache
-          tar -xzf /tmp/artifacts/go-cache.tar.gz -C /tmp/go-cache
-          ls -la /tmp/go-cache/ /tmp/go-cache/.cache/
-      - name: Run Integration Test
-        env:
-          HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_HEADSCALE_IMAGE: headscale:${{ github.sha }}
-          HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_TAILSCALE_IMAGE: tailscale-head:${{ github.sha }}
-          HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_POSTGRES_IMAGE: ${{ inputs.postgres_flag == '--postgres=1' && format('postgres:{0}', github.sha) || '' }}
-          HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_GO_CACHE: /tmp/go-cache/go
-          HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_GO_BUILD_CACHE: /tmp/go-cache/.cache/go-build
-        run: /tmp/artifacts/hi run --stats --ts-memory-limit=300 --hs-memory-limit=1500 "^${{ inputs.test }}$" \
-          --timeout=120m \
-          ${{ inputs.postgres_flag }}
-      # Sanitize test name for artifact upload (replace invalid characters: " : < > | * ? \ / with -)
-      - name: Sanitize test name for artifacts
-        if: always()
-        id: sanitize
-        run: echo "name=${TEST_NAME//[\":<>|*?\\\/]/-}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        env:
-          TEST_NAME: ${{ inputs.test }}
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
-        if: always()
-        with:
-          name: ${{ inputs.database_name }}-${{ steps.sanitize.outputs.name }}-logs
-          path: "control_logs/*/*.log"
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
-        if: always()
-        with:
-          name: ${{ inputs.database_name }}-${{ steps.sanitize.outputs.name }}-artifacts
-          path: control_logs/
-      - name: Setup a blocking tmux session
-        if: ${{ env.HAS_TAILSCALE_SECRET }}
-        uses: alexellis/block-with-tmux-action@master

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -1,93 +1,76 @@
+---
 name: Lint
 
-on: [pull_request]
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
+on: [push, pull_request]
 
 jobs:
   golangci-lint:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
+
       - name: Get changed files
         id: changed-files
-        uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36 # v3.0.2
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v34
         with:
-          filters: |
-            files:
-              - '*.nix'
-              - 'go.*'
-              - '**/*.go'
-              - 'integration_test/'
-              - 'config-example.yaml'
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        with:
-          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
-            '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
+          files: |
+            *.nix
+            go.*
+            **/*.go
+            integration_test/
+            config-example.yaml
 
       - name: golangci-lint
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        run: nix develop --command -- golangci-lint run
-          --new-from-rev=${{github.event.pull_request.base.sha}}
-          --output.text.path=stdout
-          --output.text.print-linter-name
-          --output.text.print-issued-lines
-          --output.text.colors
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v2
+        with:
+          version: v1.49.0
+
+          # Only block PRs on new problems.
+          # If this is not enabled, we will end up having PRs
+          # blocked because new linters has appared and other
+          # parts of the code is affected.
+          only-new-issues: true
 
   prettier-lint:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
+
       - name: Get changed files
         id: changed-files
-        uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36 # v3.0.2
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v14.1
         with:
-          filters: |
-            files:
-              - '*.nix'
-              - '**/*.md'
-              - '**/*.yml'
-              - '**/*.yaml'
-              - '**/*.ts'
-              - '**/*.js'
-              - '**/*.sass'
-              - '**/*.css'
-              - '**/*.scss'
-              - '**/*.html'
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        with:
-          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
-            '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
+          files: |
+            *.nix
+            **/*.md
+            **/*.yml
+            **/*.yaml
+            **/*.ts
+            **/*.js
+            **/*.sass
+            **/*.css
+            **/*.scss
+            **/*.html
 
       - name: Prettify code
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        run: nix develop --command -- prettier --no-error-on-unmatched-pattern
-          --ignore-unknown --check **/*.{ts,js,md,yaml,yml,sass,css,scss,html}
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        uses: creyD/prettier_action@v4.0
+        with:
+          prettier_options: >-
+            --check **/*.{ts,js,md,yaml,yml,sass,css,scss,html}
+          only_changed: false
+          dry: true
 
   proto-lint:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: bufbuild/buf-setup-action@v1.7.0
+      - uses: bufbuild/buf-lint-action@v1
         with:
-          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
-            '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
-
-      - name: Buf lint
-        run: nix develop --command -- buf lint proto
+          input: "proto"

.github/workflows/needs-more-info-comment.yml

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-name: Needs More Info - Post Comment
-
-on:
-  issues:
-    types: [labeled]
-
-jobs:
-  post-comment:
-    if: >-
-      github.event.label.name == 'needs-more-info' &&
-      github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
-      contents: read
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-        with:
-          sparse-checkout: .github/label-response/needs-more-info.md
-          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
-
-      - name: Post instruction comment
-        run: gh issue comment "$NUMBER" --body-file .github/label-response/needs-more-info.md
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
-          NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}

.github/workflows/needs-more-info-timer.yml

@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-name: Needs More Info - Timer
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "0 0 * * *" # Daily at midnight UTC
-  issue_comment:
-    types: [created]
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
-  # When a non-bot user comments on a needs-more-info issue, remove the label.
-  remove-label-on-response:
-    if: >-
-      github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale' &&
-      github.event_name == 'issue_comment' &&
-      github.event.comment.user.type != 'Bot' &&
-      contains(github.event.issue.labels.*.name, 'needs-more-info')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
-    steps:
-      - name: Remove needs-more-info label
-        run: gh issue edit "$NUMBER" --remove-label needs-more-info
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
-          NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-
-  # On schedule, close issues that have had no human response for 3 days.
-  close-stale:
-    if: >-
-      github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale' &&
-      github.event_name != 'issue_comment'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
-    steps:
-      - uses: hustcer/setup-nu@920172d92eb04671776f3ba69d605d3b09351c30 # v3.22
-        with:
-          version: "*"
-
-      - name: Close stale needs-more-info issues
-        shell: nu {0}
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
-        run: |
-          let issues = (gh issue list
-            --repo $env.GH_REPO
-            --label "needs-more-info"
-            --state open
-            --json number
-            | from json)
-
-          for issue in $issues {
-            let number = $issue.number
-            print $"Checking issue #($number)"
-
-            # Find when needs-more-info was last added
-            let events = (gh api $"repos/($env.GH_REPO)/issues/($number)/events"
-              --paginate | from json | flatten)
-            let label_event = ($events
-              | where event == "labeled" and label.name == "needs-more-info"
-              | last)
-            let label_added_at = ($label_event.created_at | into datetime)
-
-            # Check for non-bot comments after the label was added
-            let comments = (gh api $"repos/($env.GH_REPO)/issues/($number)/comments"
-              --paginate | from json | flatten)
-            let human_responses = ($comments
-              | where user.type != "Bot"
-              | where { ($in.created_at | into datetime) > $label_added_at })
-
-            if ($human_responses | length) > 0 {
-              print $"  Human responded, removing label"
-              gh issue edit $number --repo $env.GH_REPO --remove-label needs-more-info
-              continue
-            }
-
-            # Check if 3 days have passed
-            let elapsed = (date now) - $label_added_at
-            if $elapsed < 3day {
-              print $"  Only ($elapsed | format duration day) elapsed, skipping"
-              continue
-            }
-
-            print $"  No response for ($elapsed | format duration day), closing"
-            let message = [
-              "This issue has been automatically closed because no additional information was provided within 3 days."
-              ""
-              "If you have the requested information, please open a new issue and include the debug information requested above."
-              ""
-              "Thank you for your understanding."
-            ] | str join "\n"
-            gh issue comment $number --repo $env.GH_REPO --body $message
-            gh issue close $number --repo $env.GH_REPO --reason "not planned"
-            gh issue edit $number --repo $env.GH_REPO --remove-label needs-more-info
-          }

.github/workflows/nix-module-test.yml

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-name: NixOS Module Tests
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - main
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  nix-module-check:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 2
-
-      - name: Get changed files
-        id: changed-files
-        uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36 # v3.0.2
-        with:
-          filters: |
-            nix:
-              - 'nix/**'
-              - 'flake.nix'
-              - 'flake.lock'
-            go:
-              - 'go.*'
-              - '**/*.go'
-              - 'cmd/**'
-              - 'hscontrol/**'
-
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.nix == 'true' || steps.changed-files.outputs.go == 'true'
-
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.nix == 'true' || steps.changed-files.outputs.go == 'true'
-        with:
-          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
-            '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
-
-      - name: Run NixOS module tests
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.nix == 'true' || steps.changed-files.outputs.go == 'true'
-        run: |
-          echo "Running NixOS module integration test..."
-          nix build .#checks.x86_64-linux.headscale -L

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -9,54 +9,221 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   goreleaser:
-    if: github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04 # due to CGO we need to user an older version
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+        with:
+          go-version: 1.19.0
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt update
+          sudo apt install -y gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu
+      - name: Run GoReleaser
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v2
+        with:
+          distribution: goreleaser
+          version: latest
+          args: release --rm-dist
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+  docker-release:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
-
-      - name: Pin Docker to v28 (avoid v29 breaking changes)
-        run: |
-          # Docker 29 breaks docker build via Go client libraries and
-          # docker load/save with certain tarball formats.
-          # Pin to Docker 28.x until our tooling is updated.
-          # https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/13474
-          sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
-          curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
-            | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
-          echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
-            https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" \
-            | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
-          sudo apt-get update -qq
-          VERSION=$(apt-cache madison docker-ce | grep '28\.5' | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')
-          sudo apt-get install -y --allow-downgrades \
-            "docker-ce=${VERSION}" "docker-ce-cli=${VERSION}"
-          sudo systemctl restart docker
-          docker version
-
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
+      - name: Set up QEMU for multiple platforms
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@master
+        with:
+          platforms: arm64,amd64
+      - name: Cache Docker layers
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/.buildx-cache
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-
+      - name: Docker meta
+        id: meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v3
+        with:
+          # list of Docker images to use as base name for tags
+          images: |
+            ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/headscale
+            ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/headscale
+          tags: |
+            type=semver,pattern={{version}}
+            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
+            type=semver,pattern={{major}}
+            type=raw,value=latest
+            type=sha
       - name: Login to DockerHub
-        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@v1
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
-
       - name: Login to GHCR
-        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@v1
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
+      - name: Build and push
+        id: docker_build
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v2
         with:
-          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
-            '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
+          push: true
+          context: .
+          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+          cache-from: type=local,src=/tmp/.buildx-cache
+          cache-to: type=local,dest=/tmp/.buildx-cache-new
+          build-args: |
+            VERSION=${{ steps.meta.outputs.version }}
+      - name: Prepare cache for next build
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/.buildx-cache
+          mv /tmp/.buildx-cache-new /tmp/.buildx-cache
 
-      - name: Run goreleaser
-        run: nix develop --command -- goreleaser release --clean
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+  docker-debug-release:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
+      - name: Set up QEMU for multiple platforms
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@master
+        with:
+          platforms: arm64,amd64
+      - name: Cache Docker layers
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/.buildx-cache-debug
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-debug-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-debug-
+      - name: Docker meta
+        id: meta-debug
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v3
+        with:
+          # list of Docker images to use as base name for tags
+          images: |
+            ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/headscale
+            ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/headscale
+          flavor: |
+            latest=false
+          tags: |
+            type=semver,pattern={{version}}-debug
+            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}-debug
+            type=semver,pattern={{major}}-debug
+            type=raw,value=latest-debug
+            type=sha,suffix=-debug
+      - name: Login to DockerHub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v1
+        with:
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Login to GHCR
+        uses: docker/login-action@v1
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Build and push
+        id: docker_build
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v2
+        with:
+          push: true
+          context: .
+          file: Dockerfile.debug
+          tags: ${{ steps.meta-debug.outputs.tags }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.meta-debug.outputs.labels }}
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+          cache-from: type=local,src=/tmp/.buildx-cache-debug
+          cache-to: type=local,dest=/tmp/.buildx-cache-debug-new
+          build-args: |
+            VERSION=${{ steps.meta-debug.outputs.version }}
+      - name: Prepare cache for next build
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/.buildx-cache-debug
+          mv /tmp/.buildx-cache-debug-new /tmp/.buildx-cache-debug
+
+  docker-alpine-release:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
+      - name: Set up QEMU for multiple platforms
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@master
+        with:
+          platforms: arm64,amd64
+      - name: Cache Docker layers
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/.buildx-cache-alpine
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-alpine-${{ github.sha }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-buildx-alpine-
+      - name: Docker meta
+        id: meta-alpine
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v3
+        with:
+          # list of Docker images to use as base name for tags
+          images: |
+            ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}/headscale
+            ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/headscale
+          flavor: |
+            latest=false
+          tags: |
+            type=semver,pattern={{version}}-alpine
+            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}-alpine
+            type=semver,pattern={{major}}-alpine
+            type=raw,value=latest-alpine
+            type=sha,suffix=-alpine
+      - name: Login to DockerHub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v1
+        with:
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Login to GHCR
+        uses: docker/login-action@v1
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Build and push
+        id: docker_build
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v2
+        with:
+          push: true
+          context: .
+          file: Dockerfile.alpine
+          tags: ${{ steps.meta-alpine.outputs.tags }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.meta-alpine.outputs.labels }}
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+          cache-from: type=local,src=/tmp/.buildx-cache-alpine
+          cache-to: type=local,dest=/tmp/.buildx-cache-alpine-new
+          build-args: |
+            VERSION=${{ steps.meta-alpine.outputs.version }}
+      - name: Prepare cache for next build
+        run: |
+          rm -rf /tmp/.buildx-cache-alpine
+          mv /tmp/.buildx-cache-alpine-new /tmp/.buildx-cache-alpine

.github/workflows/renovatebot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+name: Renovate
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "* * 5,20 * *" # Every 5th and 20th of the month
+  workflow_dispatch:
+jobs:
+  renovate:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Get token
+        id: get_token
+        uses: machine-learning-apps/actions-app-token@master
+        with:
+          APP_PEM: ${{ secrets.RENOVATEBOT_SECRET }}
+          APP_ID: ${{ secrets.RENOVATEBOT_APP_ID }}
+
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Self-hosted Renovate
+        uses: renovatebot/github-action@v31.81.3
+        with:
+          configurationFile: .github/renovate.json
+          token: "x-access-token:${{ steps.get_token.outputs.app_token }}"
+        # env:
+        #  LOG_LEVEL: "debug"

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-name: Close inactive issues
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "30 1 * * *"
-
-jobs:
-  close-issues:
-    if: github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
-      pull-requests: write
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/stale@997185467fa4f803885201cee163a9f38240193d # v10.1.1
-        with:
-          days-before-issue-stale: 90
-          days-before-issue-close: 7
-          stale-issue-label: "stale"
-          stale-issue-message: "This issue is stale because it has been open for 90 days with no
-            activity."
-          close-issue-message: "This issue was closed because it has been inactive for 14 days
-            since being marked as stale."
-          days-before-pr-stale: -1
-          days-before-pr-close: -1
-          exempt-issue-labels: "no-stale-bot,needs-more-info"
-          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/support-request.yml

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-name: Support Request - Close Issue
-
-on:
-  issues:
-    types: [labeled]
-
-jobs:
-  close-support-request:
-    if: >-
-      github.event.label.name == 'support-request' &&
-      github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
-      contents: read
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-        with:
-          sparse-checkout: .github/label-response/support-request.md
-          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
-
-      - name: Post comment and close issue
-        run: |
-          gh issue comment "$NUMBER" --body-file .github/label-response/support-request.md
-          gh issue close "$NUMBER" --reason "not planned"
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
-          NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}

.github/workflows/test-integration-cli.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+name: Integration Test CLI
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  integration-test-cli:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      - name: Set Swap Space
+        uses: pierotofy/set-swap-space@master
+        with:
+          swap-size-gb: 10
+
+      - name: Get changed files
+        id: changed-files
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v34
+        with:
+          files: |
+            *.nix
+            go.*
+            **/*.go
+            integration_test/
+            config-example.yaml
+
+      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v16
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+
+      - name: Run CLI integration tests
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        run: nix develop --command -- make test_integration_cli

.github/workflows/test-integration-derp.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+name: Integration Test DERP
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  integration-test-derp:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      - name: Set Swap Space
+        uses: pierotofy/set-swap-space@master
+        with:
+          swap-size-gb: 10
+
+      - name: Get changed files
+        id: changed-files
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v34
+        with:
+          files: |
+            *.nix
+            go.*
+            **/*.go
+            integration_test/
+            config-example.yaml
+
+      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v16
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+
+      - name: Run Embedded DERP server integration tests
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        run: nix develop --command -- make test_integration_derp

.github/workflows/test-integration-oidc.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+name: Integration Test OIDC
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  integration-test-oidc:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      - name: Set Swap Space
+        uses: pierotofy/set-swap-space@master
+        with:
+          swap-size-gb: 10
+
+      - name: Get changed files
+        id: changed-files
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v34
+        with:
+          files: |
+            *.nix
+            go.*
+            **/*.go
+            integration_test/
+            config-example.yaml
+
+      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v16
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+
+      - name: Run OIDC integration tests
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        run: nix develop --command -- make test_integration_oidc

.github/workflows/test-integration-v2-general-auth.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+name: Integration Test v2
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  integration-test-v2:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      - name: Set Swap Space
+        uses: pierotofy/set-swap-space@master
+        with:
+          swap-size-gb: 10
+
+      - name: Get changed files
+        id: changed-files
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v14.1
+        with:
+          files: |
+            *.nix
+            go.*
+            **/*.go
+            integration_test/
+            config-example.yaml
+
+      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v16
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+
+      - name: Run general integration tests
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        run: nix develop --command -- make test_integration_v2_auth_web_flow

.github/workflows/test-integration-v2-kradalby.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: Integration Test v2 - kradalby
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  integration-test-v2-kradalby:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, linux, x64, nixos, docker]
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      - name: Get changed files
+        id: changed-files
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v34
+        with:
+          files: |
+            *.nix
+            go.*
+            **/*.go
+            integration_test/
+            config-example.yaml
+
+      - name: Run general integration tests
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        run: nix develop --command -- make test_integration_v2_general

.github/workflows/test-integration.yaml

@@ -1,322 +0,0 @@
-name: integration
-# To debug locally on a branch, and when needing secrets
-# change this to include `push` so the build is ran on
-# the main repository.
-on: [pull_request]
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-jobs:
-  # build: Builds binaries and Docker images once, uploads as artifacts for reuse.
-  # build-postgres: Pulls postgres image separately to avoid Docker Hub rate limits.
-  # sqlite: Runs all integration tests with SQLite backend.
-  # postgres: Runs a subset of tests with PostgreSQL to verify database compatibility.
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-    outputs:
-      files-changed: ${{ steps.changed-files.outputs.files }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 2
-      - name: Get changed files
-        id: changed-files
-        uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36 # v3.0.2
-        with:
-          filters: |
-            files:
-              - '*.nix'
-              - 'go.*'
-              - '**/*.go'
-              - 'integration/**'
-              - 'config-example.yaml'
-              - '.github/workflows/test-integration.yaml'
-              - '.github/workflows/integration-test-template.yml'
-              - 'Dockerfile.*'
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        with:
-          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix', '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
-      - name: Build binaries and warm Go cache
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        run: |
-          # Build all Go binaries in one nix shell to maximize cache reuse
-          nix develop --command -- bash -c '
-            go build -o hi ./cmd/hi
-            CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -o headscale ./cmd/headscale
-            # Build integration test binary to warm the cache with all dependencies
-            go test -c ./integration -o /dev/null 2>/dev/null || true
-          '
-      - name: Upload hi binary
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
-        with:
-          name: hi-binary
-          path: hi
-          retention-days: 10
-      - name: Package Go cache
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        run: |
-          # Package Go module cache and build cache
-          tar -czf go-cache.tar.gz -C ~ go .cache/go-build
-      - name: Upload Go cache
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
-        with:
-          name: go-cache
-          path: go-cache.tar.gz
-          retention-days: 10
-      - name: Pin Docker to v28 (avoid v29 breaking changes)
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        run: |
-          # Docker 29 breaks docker build via Go client libraries and
-          # docker load/save with certain tarball formats.
-          # Pin to Docker 28.x until our tooling is updated.
-          # https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/13474
-          sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
-          curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
-            | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
-          echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
-            https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" \
-            | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
-          sudo apt-get update -qq
-          VERSION=$(apt-cache madison docker-ce | grep '28\.5' | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')
-          sudo apt-get install -y --allow-downgrades \
-            "docker-ce=${VERSION}" "docker-ce-cli=${VERSION}"
-          sudo systemctl restart docker
-          docker version
-      - name: Build headscale image
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        run: |
-          docker build \
-            --file Dockerfile.integration-ci \
-            --tag headscale:${{ github.sha }} \
-            .
-          docker save headscale:${{ github.sha }} | gzip > headscale-image.tar.gz
-      - name: Build tailscale HEAD image
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        run: |
-          docker build \
-            --file Dockerfile.tailscale-HEAD \
-            --tag tailscale-head:${{ github.sha }} \
-            .
-          docker save tailscale-head:${{ github.sha }} | gzip > tailscale-head-image.tar.gz
-      - name: Upload headscale image
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
-        with:
-          name: headscale-image
-          path: headscale-image.tar.gz
-          retention-days: 10
-      - name: Upload tailscale HEAD image
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
-        with:
-          name: tailscale-head-image
-          path: tailscale-head-image.tar.gz
-          retention-days: 10
-  build-postgres:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-    needs: build
-    if: needs.build.outputs.files-changed == 'true'
-    steps:
-      - name: Pin Docker to v28 (avoid v29 breaking changes)
-        run: |
-          # Docker 29 breaks docker build via Go client libraries and
-          # docker load/save with certain tarball formats.
-          # Pin to Docker 28.x until our tooling is updated.
-          # https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/13474
-          sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
-          curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
-            | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
-          echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
-            https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" \
-            | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
-          sudo apt-get update -qq
-          VERSION=$(apt-cache madison docker-ce | grep '28\.5' | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')
-          sudo apt-get install -y --allow-downgrades \
-            "docker-ce=${VERSION}" "docker-ce-cli=${VERSION}"
-          sudo systemctl restart docker
-          docker version
-      - name: Pull and save postgres image
-        run: |
-          docker pull postgres:latest
-          docker tag postgres:latest postgres:${{ github.sha }}
-          docker save postgres:${{ github.sha }} | gzip > postgres-image.tar.gz
-      - name: Upload postgres image
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
-        with:
-          name: postgres-image
-          path: postgres-image.tar.gz
-          retention-days: 10
-  sqlite:
-    needs: build
-    if: needs.build.outputs.files-changed == 'true'
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        test:
-          - TestACLHostsInNetMapTable
-          - TestACLAllowUser80Dst
-          - TestACLDenyAllPort80
-          - TestACLAllowUserDst
-          - TestACLAllowStarDst
-          - TestACLNamedHostsCanReachBySubnet
-          - TestACLNamedHostsCanReach
-          - TestACLDevice1CanAccessDevice2
-          - TestPolicyUpdateWhileRunningWithCLIInDatabase
-          - TestACLAutogroupMember
-          - TestACLAutogroupTagged
-          - TestACLAutogroupSelf
-          - TestACLPolicyPropagationOverTime
-          - TestACLTagPropagation
-          - TestACLTagPropagationPortSpecific
-          - TestACLGroupWithUnknownUser
-          - TestACLGroupAfterUserDeletion
-          - TestACLGroupDeletionExactReproduction
-          - TestACLDynamicUnknownUserAddition
-          - TestACLDynamicUnknownUserRemoval
-          - TestAPIAuthenticationBypass
-          - TestAPIAuthenticationBypassCurl
-          - TestGRPCAuthenticationBypass
-          - TestCLIWithConfigAuthenticationBypass
-          - TestAuthKeyLogoutAndReloginSameUser
-          - TestAuthKeyLogoutAndReloginNewUser
-          - TestAuthKeyLogoutAndReloginSameUserExpiredKey
-          - TestAuthKeyDeleteKey
-          - TestAuthKeyLogoutAndReloginRoutesPreserved
-          - TestOIDCAuthenticationPingAll
-          - TestOIDCExpireNodesBasedOnTokenExpiry
-          - TestOIDC024UserCreation
-          - TestOIDCAuthenticationWithPKCE
-          - TestOIDCReloginSameNodeNewUser
-          - TestOIDCFollowUpUrl
-          - TestOIDCMultipleOpenedLoginUrls
-          - TestOIDCReloginSameNodeSameUser
-          - TestOIDCExpiryAfterRestart
-          - TestOIDCACLPolicyOnJoin
-          - TestOIDCReloginSameUserRoutesPreserved
-          - TestAuthWebFlowAuthenticationPingAll
-          - TestAuthWebFlowLogoutAndReloginSameUser
-          - TestAuthWebFlowLogoutAndReloginNewUser
-          - TestUserCommand
-          - TestPreAuthKeyCommand
-          - TestPreAuthKeyCommandWithoutExpiry
-          - TestPreAuthKeyCommandReusableEphemeral
-          - TestPreAuthKeyCorrectUserLoggedInCommand
-          - TestTaggedNodesCLIOutput
-          - TestApiKeyCommand
-          - TestNodeCommand
-          - TestNodeExpireCommand
-          - TestNodeRenameCommand
-          - TestPolicyCommand
-          - TestPolicyBrokenConfigCommand
-          - TestDERPVerifyEndpoint
-          - TestResolveMagicDNS
-          - TestResolveMagicDNSExtraRecordsPath
-          - TestDERPServerScenario
-          - TestDERPServerWebsocketScenario
-          - TestPingAllByIP
-          - TestPingAllByIPPublicDERP
-          - TestEphemeral
-          - TestEphemeralInAlternateTimezone
-          - TestEphemeral2006DeletedTooQuickly
-          - TestPingAllByHostname
-          - TestTaildrop
-          - TestUpdateHostnameFromClient
-          - TestExpireNode
-          - TestSetNodeExpiryInFuture
-          - TestDisableNodeExpiry
-          - TestNodeOnlineStatus
-          - TestPingAllByIPManyUpDown
-          - Test2118DeletingOnlineNodePanics
-          - TestGrantCapRelay
-          - TestGrantCapDrive
-          - TestEnablingRoutes
-          - TestHASubnetRouterFailover
-          - TestSubnetRouteACL
-          - TestEnablingExitRoutes
-          - TestSubnetRouterMultiNetwork
-          - TestSubnetRouterMultiNetworkExitNode
-          - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-tag.*
-          - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-user.*
-          - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-group.*
-          - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-tag.*
-          - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-user.*
-          - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-group.*
-          - TestSubnetRouteACLFiltering
-          - TestGrantViaSubnetSteering
-          - TestHeadscale
-          - TestTailscaleNodesJoiningHeadcale
-          - TestSSHOneUserToAll
-          - TestSSHMultipleUsersAllToAll
-          - TestSSHNoSSHConfigured
-          - TestSSHIsBlockedInACL
-          - TestSSHUserOnlyIsolation
-          - TestSSHAutogroupSelf
-          - TestSSHOneUserToOneCheckModeCLI
-          - TestSSHOneUserToOneCheckModeOIDC
-          - TestSSHCheckModeUnapprovedTimeout
-          - TestSSHCheckModeCheckPeriodCLI
-          - TestSSHCheckModeAutoApprove
-          - TestSSHCheckModeNegativeCLI
-          - TestSSHLocalpart
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagRequestDifferentTag
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagNoAdvertiseFlag
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagCannotAddViaCLI
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagCannotChangeViaCLI
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagAdminOverrideReauthPreserves
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagCLICannotModifyAdminTags
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagCannotRequestTags
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagRegisterNoTags
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagCannotAddViaCLI
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagCLINoOpAfterAdminWithReset
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagCLINoOpAfterAdminWithEmptyAdvertise
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagCLICannotReduceAdminMultiTag
-          - TestTagsUserLoginOwnedTagAtRegistration
-          - TestTagsUserLoginNonExistentTagAtRegistration
-          - TestTagsUserLoginUnownedTagAtRegistration
-          - TestTagsUserLoginAddTagViaCLIReauth
-          - TestTagsUserLoginRemoveTagViaCLIReauth
-          - TestTagsUserLoginCLINoOpAfterAdminAssignment
-          - TestTagsUserLoginCLICannotRemoveAdminTags
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagRequestNonExistentTag
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagRequestUnownedTag
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagRequestNonExistentTag
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutTagRequestUnownedTag
-          - TestTagsAdminAPICannotSetNonExistentTag
-          - TestTagsAdminAPICanSetUnownedTag
-          - TestTagsAdminAPICannotRemoveAllTags
-          - TestTagsIssue2978ReproTagReplacement
-          - TestTagsAdminAPICannotSetInvalidFormat
-          - TestTagsUserLoginReauthWithEmptyTagsRemovesAllTags
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutUserInheritsTags
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutUserRejectsAdvertisedTags
-          - TestTagsAuthKeyConvertToUserViaCLIRegister
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/integration-test-template.yml
-    secrets: inherit
-    with:
-      test: ${{ matrix.test }}
-      postgres_flag: "--postgres=0"
-      database_name: "sqlite"
-  postgres:
-    needs: [build, build-postgres]
-    if: needs.build.outputs.files-changed == 'true'
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        test:
-          - TestACLAllowUserDst
-          - TestPingAllByIP
-          - TestEphemeral2006DeletedTooQuickly
-          - TestPingAllByIPManyUpDown
-          - TestSubnetRouterMultiNetwork
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/integration-test-template.yml
-    secrets: inherit
-    with:
-      test: ${{ matrix.test }}
-      postgres_flag: "--postgres=1"
-      database_name: "postgres"

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -2,46 +2,29 @@ name: Tests
 
 on: [push, pull_request]
 
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
 jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
 
       - name: Get changed files
         id: changed-files
-        uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36 # v3.0.2
+        uses: tj-actions/changed-files@v34
         with:
-          filters: |
-            files:
-              - '*.nix'
-              - 'go.*'
-              - '**/*.go'
-              - 'integration_test/'
-              - 'config-example.yaml'
+          files: |
+            *.nix
+            go.*
+            **/*.go
+            integration_test/
+            config-example.yaml
 
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        with:
-          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
-            '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
+      - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v16
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
 
       - name: Run tests
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        env:
-          # As of 2025-01-06, these env vars was not automatically
-          # set anymore which breaks the initdb for postgres on
-          # some of the database migration tests.
-          LC_ALL: "en_US.UTF-8"
-          LC_CTYPE: "en_US.UTF-8"
-        run: nix develop --command -- gotestsum
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.any_changed == 'true'
+        run: nix develop --check

.github/workflows/update-flake.yml

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-name: update-flake-lock
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "0 0 * * 0" # runs weekly on Sunday at 00:00
-
-jobs:
-  lockfile:
-    if: github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-      - name: Install Nix
-        uses: DeterminateSystems/nix-installer-action@21a544727d0c62386e78b4befe52d19ad12692e3 # v17
-      - name: Update flake.lock
-        uses: DeterminateSystems/update-flake-lock@428c2b58a4b7414dabd372acb6a03dba1084d3ab # v25
-        with:
-          pr-title: "Update flake.lock"

.gitignore

@@ -1,11 +1,3 @@
-ignored/
-tailscale/
-.vscode/
-.claude/
-logs/
-
-*.prof
-
 # Binaries for programs and plugins
 *.exe
 *.exe~
@@ -20,16 +12,13 @@ logs/
 *.out
 
 # Dependency directories (remove the comment below to include it)
-vendor/
+# vendor/
 
-dist/
 /headscale
+config.json
 config.yaml
-config*.yaml
-!config-example.yaml
 derp.yaml
 *.hujson
-!hscontrol/policy/v2/testdata/*/*.hujson
 *.key
 /db.sqlite
 *.sqlite3
@@ -37,21 +26,10 @@ derp.yaml
 # Exclude Jetbrains Editors
 .idea
 
-test_output/
-control_logs/
+test_output/ 
 
 # Nix build output
 result
 .direnv/
 
 integration_test/etc/config.dump.yaml
-
-# MkDocs
-.cache
-/site
-
-__debug_bin
-
-node_modules/
-package-lock.json
-package.json

.golangci.yaml

@@ -1,108 +1,66 @@
 ---
-version: "2"
+run:
+  timeout: 10m
+  build-tags:
+    - ts2019
+
+issues:
+  skip-dirs:
+    - gen
 linters:
-  default: all
+  enable-all: true
   disable:
-    - cyclop
-    - depguard
-    - dupl
-    - exhaustruct
-    - funcorder
-    - funlen
+    - exhaustivestruct
+    - revive
+    - lll
+    - interfacer
+    - scopelint
+    - maligned
+    - golint
+    - gofmt
     - gochecknoglobals
     - gochecknoinits
     - gocognit
-    - godox
-    - interfacebloat
-    - ireturn
-    - lll
-    - maintidx
-    - makezero
-    - mnd
-    - musttag
-    - nestif
-    - nolintlint
-    - paralleltest
-    - revive
+    - funlen
+    - exhaustivestruct
     - tagliatelle
-    - testpackage
-    - varnamelen
-    - wrapcheck
-    - wsl
-  settings:
-    forbidigo:
-      forbid:
-        # Forbid time.Sleep everywhere with context-appropriate alternatives
-        - pattern: 'time\.Sleep'
-          msg: >-
-            time.Sleep is forbidden.
-            In tests: use assert.EventuallyWithT for polling/waiting patterns.
-            In production code: use a backoff strategy (e.g., cenkalti/backoff) or proper synchronization primitives.
-        # Forbid inline string literals in zerolog field methods - use zf.* constants
-        - pattern: '\.(Str|Int|Int8|Int16|Int32|Int64|Uint|Uint8|Uint16|Uint32|Uint64|Float32|Float64|Bool|Dur|Time|TimeDiff|Strs|Ints|Uints|Floats|Bools|Any|Interface)\("[^"]+"'
-          msg: >-
-            Use zf.* constants for zerolog field names instead of string literals.
-            Import "github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util/zlog/zf" and use
-            constants like zf.NodeID, zf.UserName, etc. Add new constants to
-            hscontrol/util/zlog/zf/fields.go if needed.
-        # Forbid ptr.To - use Go 1.26 new(expr) instead
-        - pattern: 'ptr\.To\('
-          msg: >-
-            ptr.To is forbidden. Use Go 1.26's new(expr) syntax instead.
-            Example: ptr.To(value) → new(value)
-        # Forbid tsaddr.SortPrefixes - use slices.SortFunc with netip.Prefix.Compare
-        - pattern: 'tsaddr\.SortPrefixes'
-          msg: >-
-            tsaddr.SortPrefixes is forbidden. Use Go 1.26's netip.Prefix.Compare instead.
-            Example: slices.SortFunc(prefixes, netip.Prefix.Compare)
-      analyze-types: true
-    gocritic:
-      disabled-checks:
-        - appendAssign
-        - ifElseChain
-    nlreturn:
-      block-size: 4
-    varnamelen:
-      ignore-names:
-        - err
-        - db
-        - id
-        - ip
-        - ok
-        - c
-        - tt
-        - tx
-        - rx
-        - sb
-        - wg
-        - pr
-        - p
-        - p2
-      ignore-type-assert-ok: true
-      ignore-map-index-ok: true
-  exclusions:
-    generated: lax
-    presets:
-      - comments
-      - common-false-positives
-      - legacy
-      - std-error-handling
-    paths:
-      - third_party$
-      - builtin$
-      - examples$
-      - gen
+    - godox
+    - ireturn
+    - execinquery
+    - exhaustruct
+    - nolintlint
 
-formatters:
-  enable:
-    - gci
-    - gofmt
-    - gofumpt
-    - goimports
-  exclusions:
-    generated: lax
-    paths:
-      - third_party$
-      - builtin$
-      - examples$
-      - gen
+    # We should strive to enable these:
+    - wrapcheck
+    - dupl
+    - makezero
+    - maintidx
+
+    # Limits the methods of an interface to 10. We have more in integration tests
+    - interfacebloat
+
+    # We might want to enable this, but it might be a lot of work
+    - cyclop
+    - nestif
+    - wsl # might be incompatible with gofumpt
+    - testpackage
+    - paralleltest
+
+linters-settings:
+  varnamelen:
+    ignore-type-assert-ok: true
+    ignore-map-index-ok: true
+    ignore-names:
+      - err
+      - db
+      - id
+      - ip
+      - ok
+      - c
+      - tt
+
+  gocritic:
+    disabled-checks:
+      - appendAssign
+      # TODO(kradalby): Remove this
+      - ifElseChain

.goreleaser.yml

@@ -1,159 +1,86 @@
 ---
-version: 2
 before:
   hooks:
-    - go mod tidy -compat=1.26
-    - go mod vendor
+    - go mod tidy -compat=1.19
 
 release:
   prerelease: auto
-  draft: true
-  header: |
-    ## Upgrade
-
-    Please follow the steps outlined in the [upgrade guide](https://headscale.net/stable/setup/upgrade/) to update your existing Headscale installation.
 
 builds:
-  - id: headscale
-    main: ./cmd/headscale
+  - id: darwin-amd64
+    main: ./cmd/headscale/headscale.go
     mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
     env:
       - CGO_ENABLED=0
-    targets:
-      - darwin_amd64
-      - darwin_arm64
-      - freebsd_amd64
-      - linux_amd64
-      - linux_arm64
+    goos:
+      - darwin
+    goarch:
+      - amd64
     flags:
       - -mod=readonly
+    ldflags:
+      - -s -w -X github.com/juanfont/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli.Version=v{{.Version}}
+    tags:
+      - ts2019
+
+  - id: darwin-arm64
+    main: ./cmd/headscale/headscale.go
+    mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+    env:
+      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+    goos:
+      - darwin
+    goarch:
+      - arm64
+    flags:
+      - -mod=readonly
+    ldflags:
+      - -s -w -X github.com/juanfont/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli.Version=v{{.Version}}
+    tags:
+      - ts2019
+
+  - id: linux-amd64
+    mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+    env:
+      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+    goos:
+      - linux
+    goarch:
+      - amd64
+    main: ./cmd/headscale/headscale.go
+    ldflags:
+      - -s -w -X github.com/juanfont/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli.Version=v{{.Version}}
+    tags:
+      - ts2019
+
+  - id: linux-arm64
+    mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+    env:
+      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+    goos:
+      - linux
+    goarch:
+      - arm64
+    main: ./cmd/headscale/headscale.go
+    ldflags:
+      - -s -w -X github.com/juanfont/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli.Version=v{{.Version}}
+    tags:
+      - ts2019
 
 archives:
   - id: golang-cross
-    name_template: '{{ .ProjectName }}_{{ .Version }}_{{ .Os }}_{{ .Arch }}{{ with .Arm }}v{{ . }}{{ end }}{{ with .Mips }}_{{ . }}{{ end }}{{ if not (eq .Amd64 "v1") }}{{ .Amd64 }}{{ end }}'
-    formats:
-      - binary
-
-source:
-  enabled: true
-  name_template: "{{ .ProjectName }}_{{ .Version }}"
-  format: tar.gz
-  files:
-    - "vendor/"
-
-nfpms:
-  # Configure nFPM for .deb and .rpm releases
-  #
-  # See https://nfpm.goreleaser.com/configuration/
-  # and https://goreleaser.com/customization/nfpm/
-  #
-  # Useful tools for debugging .debs:
-  # List file contents: dpkg -c dist/headscale...deb
-  # Package metadata: dpkg --info dist/headscale....deb
-  #
-  - ids:
-      - headscale
-    package_name: headscale
-    priority: optional
-    vendor: headscale
-    maintainer: Kristoffer Dalby <kristoffer@dalby.cc>
-    homepage: https://github.com/juanfont/headscale
-    description: |-
-      Open source implementation of the Tailscale control server.
-      Headscale aims to implement a self-hosted, open source alternative to the
-      Tailscale control server. Headscale's goal is to provide self-hosters and
-      hobbyists with an open-source server they can use for their projects and
-      labs. It implements a narrow scope, a single Tailscale network (tailnet),
-      suitable for a personal use, or a small open-source organisation.
-    bindir: /usr/bin
-    section: net
-    formats:
-      - deb
-    contents:
-      - src: ./config-example.yaml
-        dst: /etc/headscale/config.yaml
-        type: config|noreplace
-        file_info:
-          mode: 0644
-      - src: ./packaging/systemd/headscale.service
-        dst: /usr/lib/systemd/system/headscale.service
-      - dst: /var/lib/headscale
-        type: dir
-      - src: LICENSE
-        dst: /usr/share/doc/headscale/copyright
-    scripts:
-      postinstall: ./packaging/deb/postinst
-      postremove: ./packaging/deb/postrm
-      preremove: ./packaging/deb/prerm
-    deb:
-      lintian_overrides:
-        - no-changelog # Our CHANGELOG.md uses a different formatting
-        - no-manual-page
-        - statically-linked-binary
-
-kos:
-  - id: ghcr
-    repositories:
-      - ghcr.io/juanfont/headscale
-      - headscale/headscale
-
-    # bare tells KO to only use the repository
-    # for tagging and naming the container.
-    bare: true
-    base_image: gcr.io/distroless/base-debian13
-    build: headscale
-    main: ./cmd/headscale
-    env:
-      - CGO_ENABLED=0
-    platforms:
-      - linux/amd64
-      - linux/arm64
-    tags:
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}latest{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}{{ .Major }}.{{ .Minor }}.{{ .Patch }}{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}{{ .Major }}.{{ .Minor }}{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}{{ .Major }}{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}v{{ .Major }}.{{ .Minor }}.{{ .Patch }}{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}v{{ .Major }}.{{ .Minor }}{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}v{{ .Major }}{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}stable{{ else }}unstable{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ .Tag }}"
-      - '{{ trimprefix .Tag "v" }}'
-      - "sha-{{ .ShortCommit }}"
-    creation_time: "{{.CommitTimestamp}}"
-    ko_data_creation_time: "{{.CommitTimestamp}}"
-
-  - id: ghcr-debug
-    repositories:
-      - ghcr.io/juanfont/headscale
-      - headscale/headscale
-
-    bare: true
-    base_image: gcr.io/distroless/base-debian13:debug
-    build: headscale
-    main: ./cmd/headscale
-    env:
-      - CGO_ENABLED=0
-    platforms:
-      - linux/amd64
-      - linux/arm64
-    tags:
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}latest-debug{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}{{ .Major }}.{{ .Minor }}.{{ .Patch }}-debug{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}{{ .Major }}.{{ .Minor }}-debug{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}{{ .Major }}-debug{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}v{{ .Major }}.{{ .Minor }}.{{ .Patch }}-debug{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}v{{ .Major }}.{{ .Minor }}-debug{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}v{{ .Major }}-debug{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ if not .Prerelease }}stable-debug{{ else }}unstable-debug{{ end }}"
-      - "{{ .Tag }}-debug"
-      - '{{ trimprefix .Tag "v" }}-debug'
-      - "sha-{{ .ShortCommit }}-debug"
+    builds:
+      - darwin-amd64
+      - darwin-arm64
+      - linux-amd64
+      - linux-arm64
+    name_template: "{{ .ProjectName }}_{{ .Version }}_{{ .Os }}_{{ .Arch }}"
+    format: binary
 
 checksum:
   name_template: "checksums.txt"
 snapshot:
-  version_template: "{{ .Tag }}-next"
+  name_template: "{{ .Tag }}-next"
 changelog:
   sort: asc
   filters:

.mcp.json

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "mcpServers": {
-    "claude-code-mcp": {
-      "type": "stdio",
-      "command": "npx",
-      "args": ["-y", "@steipete/claude-code-mcp@latest"],
-      "env": {}
-    },
-    "sequential-thinking": {
-      "type": "stdio",
-      "command": "npx",
-      "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-sequential-thinking"],
-      "env": {}
-    },
-    "nixos": {
-      "type": "stdio",
-      "command": "uvx",
-      "args": ["mcp-nixos"],
-      "env": {}
-    },
-    "context7": {
-      "type": "stdio",
-      "command": "npx",
-      "args": ["-y", "@upstash/context7-mcp"],
-      "env": {}
-    },
-    "git": {
-      "type": "stdio",
-      "command": "npx",
-      "args": ["-y", "@cyanheads/git-mcp-server"],
-      "env": {}
-    }
-  }
-}

.mdformat.toml

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-[plugin.mkdocs]
-align_semantic_breaks_in_lists = true

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-# prek/pre-commit configuration for headscale
-# See: https://prek.j178.dev/quickstart/
-# See: https://prek.j178.dev/builtin/
-
-# Global exclusions - ignore generated code
-exclude: ^gen/
-
-repos:
-  # Built-in hooks from pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-  # prek will use fast-path optimized versions automatically
-  # See: https://prek.j178.dev/builtin/
-  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v6.0.0
-    hooks:
-      - id: check-added-large-files
-      - id: check-case-conflict
-      - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
-      - id: check-json
-      - id: check-merge-conflict
-      - id: check-symlinks
-      - id: check-toml
-      - id: check-xml
-      - id: check-yaml
-      - id: detect-private-key
-      - id: end-of-file-fixer
-      - id: fix-byte-order-marker
-      - id: mixed-line-ending
-      - id: trailing-whitespace
-
-  # Local hooks for project-specific tooling
-  - repo: local
-    hooks:
-      # nixpkgs-fmt for Nix files
-      - id: nixpkgs-fmt
-        name: nixpkgs-fmt
-        entry: nixpkgs-fmt
-        language: system
-        files: \.nix$
-
-      # Prettier for formatting
-      - id: prettier
-        name: prettier
-        entry: prettier --write --list-different
-        language: system
-        exclude: ^docs/
-        types_or: [javascript, jsx, ts, tsx, yaml, json, toml, html, css, scss, sass, markdown]
-
-      # mdformat for docs
-      - id: mdformat
-        name: mdformat
-        entry: mdformat
-        language: system
-        types_or: [markdown]
-        files: ^docs/
-
-      # golangci-lint for Go code quality
-      - id: golangci-lint
-        name: golangci-lint
-        entry: nix develop --command -- golangci-lint run --new-from-rev=HEAD~1 --timeout=5m --fix
-        language: system
-        types: [go]
-        pass_filenames: false

.prettierignore

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-.github/workflows/test-integration-v2*
-docs/

AGENTS.md

@@ -1,291 +0,0 @@
-# AGENTS.md
-
-Behavioural guidance for AI agents working in this repository. Reference
-material for complex procedures lives next to the code — integration
-testing is documented in [`cmd/hi/README.md`](cmd/hi/README.md) and
-[`integration/README.md`](integration/README.md). Read those files
-before running tests or writing new ones.
-
-Headscale is an open-source implementation of the Tailscale control server
-written in Go. It manages node registration, IP allocation, policy
-enforcement, and DERP routing for self-hosted tailnets.
-
-## Interaction Rules
-
-These rules govern how you work in this repo. They are listed first
-because they shape every other decision.
-
-### Ask with comprehensive multiple-choice options
-
-When you need to clarify intent, scope, or approach, use the
-`AskUserQuestion` tool (or a numbered list fallback) and present the user
-with a comprehensive set of options. Cover the likely branches explicitly
-and include an "other — please describe" escape.
-
-- Bad: _"How should I handle expired nodes?"_
-- Good: _"How should expired nodes be handled? (a) Remain visible to peers
-  but marked expired (current behaviour); (b) Hidden from peers entirely;
-  (c) Hidden from peers but visible in admin API; (d) Other."_
-
-This matters more than you think — open-ended questions waste a round
-trip and often produce a misaligned answer.
-
-### Read the documented procedure before running complex commands
-
-Before invoking any `hi` command, integration test, generator, or
-migration tool, read the referenced README in full —
-`cmd/hi/README.md` for running tests, `integration/README.md` for
-writing them. Never guess flags. If the procedure is not documented
-anywhere, ask the user rather than inventing one.
-
-### Map once, then act
-
-Use `Glob` / `Grep` to understand file structure, then execute. Do not
-re-explore the same area to "double-check" once you have a plan. Do not
-re-read files you edited in this session — the harness tracks state for
-you.
-
-### Fail fast, report up
-
-If a command fails twice with the same error, stop and report the exact
-error to the user with context. Do not loop through variants or
-"try one more thing". A repeated failure means your model of the problem
-is wrong.
-
-### Confirm scope for multi-file changes
-
-Before touching more than three files, show the user which files will
-change and why. Use plan mode (`ExitPlanMode`) for non-trivial work.
-
-### Prefer editing existing files
-
-Do not create new files unless strictly necessary. Do not generate helper
-abstractions, wrapper utilities, or "just in case" configuration. Three
-similar lines of code is better than a premature abstraction.
-
-## Quick Start
-
-```bash
-# Enter the nix dev shell (Go 1.26.1, buf, golangci-lint, prek)
-nix develop
-
-# Full development workflow: fmt + lint + test + build
-make dev
-
-# Individual targets
-make build           # build the headscale binary
-make test            # go test ./...
-make fmt             # format Go, docs, proto
-make lint            # lint Go, proto
-make generate        # regenerate protobuf code (after changes to proto/)
-make clean           # remove build artefacts
-
-# Direct go test invocations
-go test ./...
-go test -race ./...
-
-# Integration tests — read cmd/hi/README.md first
-go run ./cmd/hi doctor
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestName"
-```
-
-Go 1.26.1 minimum (per `go.mod:3`). `nix develop` pins the exact toolchain
-used in CI.
-
-## Pre-Commit with prek
-
-`prek` installs git hooks that run the same checks as CI.
-
-```bash
-nix develop
-prek install            # one-time setup
-prek run                # run hooks on staged files
-prek run --all-files    # run hooks on the full tree
-```
-
-Hooks cover: file hygiene (trailing whitespace, line endings, BOM),
-syntax validation (JSON/YAML/TOML/XML), merge-conflict markers, private
-key detection, nixpkgs-fmt, prettier, and `golangci-lint` via
-`--new-from-rev=HEAD~1` (see `.pre-commit-config.yaml:59`). A manual
-invocation with an `upstream/main` remote is equivalent:
-
-```bash
-golangci-lint run --new-from-rev=upstream/main --timeout=5m --fix
-```
-
-`git commit --no-verify` is acceptable only for WIP commits on feature
-branches — never on `main`.
-
-## Project Layout
-
-```
-headscale/
-├── cmd/
-│   ├── headscale/    # Main headscale server binary
-│   └── hi/           # Integration test runner (see cmd/hi/README.md)
-├── hscontrol/        # Core control plane
-├── integration/      # End-to-end Docker-based tests (see integration/README.md)
-├── proto/            # Protocol buffer definitions
-├── gen/              # Generated code (buf output — do not edit)
-├── docs/             # User and ACL reference documentation
-└── packaging/        # Distribution packaging
-```
-
-### `hscontrol/` packages
-
-- `app.go`, `handlers.go`, `grpcv1.go`, `noise.go`, `auth.go`, `oidc.go`,
-  `poll.go`, `metrics.go`, `debug.go`, `tailsql.go`, `platform_config.go`
-  — top-level server files
-- `state/` — central coordinator (`state.go`) and the copy-on-write
-  `NodeStore` (`node_store.go`). All cross-subsystem operations go
-  through `State`.
-- `db/` — GORM layer, migrations, schema. `node.go`, `users.go`,
-  `api_key.go`, `preauth_keys.go`, `ip.go`, `policy.go`.
-- `mapper/` — streaming batcher that distributes MapResponses to
-  clients: `batcher.go`, `node_conn.go`, `builder.go`, `mapper.go`.
-  Performance-critical.
-- `policy/` — `policy/v2/` is **the** policy implementation. The
-  top-level `policy.go` is thin wrappers. There is no v1 directory.
-- `routes/`, `dns/`, `derp/`, `types/`, `util/`, `templates/`, `capver/`
-  — routing, MagicDNS, relay, core types, helpers, client templates,
-  capability versioning.
-- `servertest/` — in-memory test harness for server-level tests that
-  don't need Docker. Prefer this over `integration/` when possible.
-- `assets/` — embedded UI assets.
-
-### `cmd/hi/` files
-
-`main.go`, `run.go`, `doctor.go`, `docker.go`, `cleanup.go`, `stats.go`,
-`README.md`. **Read `cmd/hi/README.md` before running any `hi` command.**
-
-## Architecture Essentials
-
-- **`hscontrol/state/state.go`** is the central coordinator. Cross-cutting
-  operations (node updates, policy evaluation, IP allocation) go through
-  the `State` type, not directly to the database.
-- **`NodeStore`** in `hscontrol/state/node_store.go` is a copy-on-write
-  in-memory cache backed by `atomic.Pointer[Snapshot]`. Every read is a
-  pointer load; writes rebuild a new snapshot and atomically swap. It is
-  the hot path for `MapRequest` processing and peer visibility.
-- **The map-request sync point** is
-  `State.UpdateNodeFromMapRequest()` in
-  `hscontrol/state/state.go:2351`. This is where Hostinfo changes,
-  endpoint updates, and route advertisements land in the NodeStore.
-- **Mapper subsystem** streams MapResponses via `batcher.go` and
-  `node_conn.go`. Changes here affect all connected clients.
-- **Node registration flow**: noise handshake (`noise.go`) → auth
-  (`auth.go`) → state/DB persistence (`state/`, `db/`) → initial map
-  (`mapper/`).
-
-## Database Migration Rules
-
-These rules are load-bearing — violating them corrupts production
-databases. The `migrationsRequiringFKDisabled` map in
-`hscontrol/db/db.go:962` is frozen as of 2025-07-02 (see the comment at
-`db.go:989`). All new migrations must:
-
-1. **Never reorder existing migrations.** Migration order is immutable
-   once committed.
-2. **Only add new migrations to the end** of the migrations array.
-3. **Never disable foreign keys.** No new entries in
-   `migrationsRequiringFKDisabled`.
-4. **Use the migration ID format** `YYYYMMDDHHMM-short-description`
-   (timestamp + descriptive suffix). Example: `202602201200-clear-tagged-node-user-id`.
-5. **Never rename columns** that later migrations reference. Let
-   `AutoMigrate` create a new column if needed.
-
-## Tags-as-Identity
-
-Headscale enforces **tags XOR user ownership**: every node is either
-tagged (owned by tags) or user-owned (owned by a user namespace), never
-both. This is a load-bearing architectural invariant.
-
-- **Use `node.IsTagged()`** (`hscontrol/types/node.go:221`) to determine
-  ownership, not `node.UserID().Valid()`. A tagged node may still have
-  `UserID` set for "created by" tracking — `IsTagged()` is authoritative.
-- `IsUserOwned()` (`node.go:227`) returns `!IsTagged()`.
-- Tagged nodes are presented to Tailscale as the special
-  `TaggedDevices` user (`hscontrol/types/users.go`, ID `2147455555`).
-- `SetTags` validation is enforced by `validateNodeOwnership()` in
-  `hscontrol/state/tags.go`.
-- Examples and edge cases live in `hscontrol/types/node_tags_test.go`
-  and `hscontrol/grpcv1_test.go` (`TestSetTags_*`).
-
-**Don't do this**:
-
-```go
-if node.UserID().Valid() { /* assume user-owned */ }       // WRONG
-if node.UserID().Valid() && !node.IsTagged() { /* ok */ }  // correct
-```
-
-## Policy Engine
-
-`hscontrol/policy/v2/policy.go` is the policy implementation. The
-top-level `hscontrol/policy/policy.go` contains only wrapper functions
-around v2. There is no v1 directory.
-
-Key concepts an agent will encounter:
-
-- **Autogroups**: `autogroup:self`, `autogroup:member`, `autogroup:internet`
-- **Tag owners**: IP-based authorization for who can claim a tag
-- **Route approvals**: auto-approval of subnet routes by policy
-- **SSH policies**: SSH access control via grants
-- **HuJSON** parsing for policy files
-
-For usage examples, read `hscontrol/policy/v2/policy_test.go`. For ACL
-reference documentation, see `docs/`.
-
-## Integration Testing
-
-**Before running any `hi` command, read `cmd/hi/README.md` in full.**
-Guessing at `hi` flags leads to broken runs and stale containers.
-
-Test-authoring patterns (`EventuallyWithT`, `IntegrationSkip`, helper
-variants, scenario setup) are documented in `integration/README.md`.
-
-Key reminders:
-
-- Integration test functions **must** start with `IntegrationSkip(t)`.
-- External calls (`client.Status`, `headscale.ListNodes`, etc.) belong
-  inside `EventuallyWithT`; state-mutating commands (`tailscale set`)
-  must not.
-- Tests generate ~100 MB of logs per run under `control_logs/{runID}/`.
-  Prune old runs if disk is tight.
-- Flakes are almost always code, not infrastructure. Read `hs-*.stderr.log`
-  before blaming Docker.
-
-## Code Conventions
-
-- **Commit messages** follow Go-style `package: imperative description`.
-  Recent examples from `git log`:
-  - `db: scope DestroyUser to only delete the target user's pre-auth keys`
-  - `state: fix policy change race in UpdateNodeFromMapRequest`
-  - `integration: fix ACL tests for address-family-specific resolve`
-
-  Not Conventional Commits. No `feat:`/`chore:`/`docs:` prefixes.
-
-- **Protobuf regeneration**: changes under `proto/` require
-  `make generate` (which runs `buf generate`) and should land in a
-  **separate commit** from the callers that use the regenerated types.
-- **Formatting** is enforced by `golangci-lint` with `golines` (width 88)
-  and `gofumpt`. Run `make fmt` or rely on the pre-commit hook.
-- **Logging** uses `zerolog`. Prefer single-line chains
-  (`log.Info().Str(...).Msg(...)`). For 4+ fields or conditional fields,
-  build incrementally and **reassign** the event variable:
-  `e = e.Str("k", v)`. Forgetting to reassign silently drops the field.
-- **Tests**: prefer `hscontrol/servertest/` for server-level tests that
-  don't need Docker — faster than full integration tests.
-
-## Gotchas
-
-- **Database**: SQLite for local dev, PostgreSQL for integration-heavy
-  tests (`go run ./cmd/hi run "..." --postgres`). Some race conditions
-  only surface on one backend.
-- **NodeStore writes** rebuild a full snapshot. Measure before changing
-  hot-path code.
-- **`.claude/agents/` is deprecated.** Do not create new agent files
-  there. Put behavioural guidance in this file and procedural guidance
-  in the nearest README.
-- **Do not edit `gen/`** — it is regenerated from `proto/` by
-  `make generate`.
-- **Proto changes + code changes should be two commits**, not one.

CLAUDE.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-@AGENTS.md

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ event.
 
 Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior
 may be reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement
-on our [Discord server](https://discord.gg/c84AZQhmpx). All complaints
+at our Discord channel. All complaints
 will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
 
 All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# Contributing
-
-Headscale is "Open Source, acknowledged contribution", this means that any contribution will have to be discussed with the maintainers before being added to the project.
-This model has been chosen to reduce the risk of burnout by limiting the maintenance overhead of reviewing and validating third-party code.
-
-## Why do we have this model?
-
-Headscale has a small maintainer team that tries to balance working on the project, fixing bugs and reviewing contributions.
-
-When we work on issues ourselves, we develop first hand knowledge of the code and it makes it possible for us to maintain and own the code as the project develops.
-
-Code contributions are seen as a positive thing. People enjoy and engage with our project, but it also comes with some challenges; we have to understand the code, we have to understand the feature, we might have to become familiar with external libraries or services and we think about security implications. All those steps are required during the reviewing process. After the code has been merged, the feature has to be maintained. Any changes reliant on external services must be updated and expanded accordingly.
-
-The review and day-1 maintenance adds a significant burden on the maintainers. Often we hope that the contributor will help out, but we found that most of the time, they disappear after their new feature was added.
-
-This means that when someone contributes, we are mostly happy about it, but we do have to run it through a series of checks to establish if we actually can maintain this feature.
-
-## What do we require?
-
-A general description is provided here and an explicit list is provided in our pull request template.
-
-All new features have to start out with a design document, which should be discussed on the issue tracker (not discord). It should include a use case for the feature, how it can be implemented, who will implement it and a plan for maintaining it.
-
-All features have to be end-to-end tested (integration tests) and have good unit test coverage to ensure that they work as expected. This will also ensure that the feature continues to work as expected over time. If a change cannot be tested, a strong case for why this is not possible needs to be presented.
-
-The contributor should help to maintain the feature over time. In case the feature is not maintained probably, the maintainers reserve themselves the right to remove features they redeem as unmaintainable. This should help to improve the quality of the software and keep it in a maintainable state.
-
-## Bug fixes
-
-Headscale is open to code contributions for bug fixes without discussion.
-
-## Documentation
-
-If you find mistakes in the documentation, please submit a fix to the documentation.

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Builder image
+FROM docker.io/golang:1.19.0-bullseye AS build
+ARG VERSION=dev
+ENV GOPATH /go
+WORKDIR /go/src/headscale
+
+COPY go.mod go.sum /go/src/headscale/
+RUN go mod download
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go install -tags ts2019 -ldflags="-s -w -X github.com/juanfont/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli.Version=$VERSION" -a ./cmd/headscale
+RUN strip /go/bin/headscale
+RUN test -e /go/bin/headscale
+
+# Production image
+FROM gcr.io/distroless/base-debian11
+
+COPY --from=build /go/bin/headscale /bin/headscale
+ENV TZ UTC
+
+EXPOSE 8080/tcp
+CMD ["headscale"]

Dockerfile.alpine

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Builder image
+FROM docker.io/golang:1.19.0-alpine AS build
+ARG VERSION=dev
+ENV GOPATH /go
+WORKDIR /go/src/headscale
+
+COPY go.mod go.sum /go/src/headscale/
+RUN apk add gcc musl-dev
+RUN go mod download
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go install -ldflags="-s -w -X github.com/juanfont/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli.Version=$VERSION" -a ./cmd/headscale
+RUN strip /go/bin/headscale
+RUN test -e /go/bin/headscale
+
+# Production image
+FROM docker.io/alpine:latest
+
+COPY --from=build /go/bin/headscale /bin/headscale
+ENV TZ UTC
+
+EXPOSE 8080/tcp
+CMD ["headscale"]

Dockerfile.debug

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Builder image
+FROM docker.io/golang:1.19.0-bullseye AS build
+ARG VERSION=dev
+ENV GOPATH /go
+WORKDIR /go/src/headscale
+
+COPY go.mod go.sum /go/src/headscale/
+RUN go mod download
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go install -tags ts2019 -ldflags="-s -w -X github.com/juanfont/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli.Version=$VERSION" -a ./cmd/headscale
+RUN test -e /go/bin/headscale
+
+# Debug image
+FROM docker.io/golang:1.19.0-bullseye
+
+COPY --from=build /go/bin/headscale /bin/headscale
+ENV TZ UTC
+
+# Need to reset the entrypoint or everything will run as a busybox script
+ENTRYPOINT []
+EXPOSE 8080/tcp
+CMD ["headscale"]

Dockerfile.derper

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-# For testing purposes only
-
-FROM golang:1.26.2-alpine AS build-env
-
-WORKDIR /go/src
-
-RUN apk add --no-cache git
-ARG VERSION_BRANCH=main
-RUN git clone https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale.git --branch=$VERSION_BRANCH --depth=1
-WORKDIR /go/src/tailscale
-
-ARG TARGETARCH
-RUN GOARCH=$TARGETARCH go install -v ./cmd/derper
-
-FROM alpine:3.22
-RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates iptables iproute2 ip6tables curl
-
-COPY --from=build-env /go/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
-ENTRYPOINT [ "/usr/local/bin/derper" ]

Dockerfile.integration

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-# This Dockerfile and the images produced are for testing headscale,
-# and are in no way endorsed by Headscale's maintainers as an
-# official nor supported release or distribution.
-
-FROM docker.io/golang:1.26.1-trixie AS builder
-ARG VERSION=dev
-ENV GOPATH /go
-WORKDIR /go/src/headscale
-
-# Install delve debugger first - rarely changes, good cache candidate
-RUN go install github.com/go-delve/delve/cmd/dlv@latest
-
-# Download dependencies - only invalidated when go.mod/go.sum change
-COPY go.mod go.sum /go/src/headscale/
-RUN go mod download
-
-# Copy source and build - invalidated on any source change
-COPY . .
-
-# Build debug binary with debug symbols for delve
-RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -gcflags="all=-N -l" -o /go/bin/headscale ./cmd/headscale
-
-# Runtime stage
-FROM debian:trixie-slim
-
-RUN apt-get --update install --no-install-recommends --yes \
-    bash ca-certificates curl dnsutils findutils iproute2 jq less procps python3 sqlite3 \
-  && apt-get dist-clean
-
-RUN mkdir -p /var/run/headscale
-
-# Copy binaries from builder
-COPY --from=builder /go/bin/headscale /usr/local/bin/headscale
-COPY --from=builder /go/bin/dlv /usr/local/bin/dlv
-
-# Copy source code for delve source-level debugging
-COPY --from=builder /go/src/headscale /go/src/headscale
-
-WORKDIR /go/src/headscale
-
-# Need to reset the entrypoint or everything will run as a busybox script
-ENTRYPOINT []
-EXPOSE 8080/tcp 40000/tcp
-CMD ["dlv", "--listen=0.0.0.0:40000", "--headless=true", "--api-version=2", "--accept-multiclient", "exec", "/usr/local/bin/headscale", "--"]

Dockerfile.integration-ci

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# Minimal CI image - expects pre-built headscale binary in build context
-# For local development with delve debugging, use Dockerfile.integration instead
-
-FROM debian:trixie-slim
-
-RUN apt-get --update install --no-install-recommends --yes \
-    bash ca-certificates curl dnsutils findutils iproute2 jq less procps python3 sqlite3 \
-  && apt-get dist-clean
-
-RUN mkdir -p /var/run/headscale
-
-# Copy pre-built headscale binary from build context
-COPY headscale /usr/local/bin/headscale
-
-ENTRYPOINT []
-EXPOSE 8080/tcp
-CMD ["/usr/local/bin/headscale"]

Dockerfile.tailscale

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+FROM ubuntu:latest
+
+ARG TAILSCALE_VERSION=*
+ARG TAILSCALE_CHANNEL=stable
+
+RUN apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y gnupg curl \
+    && curl -fsSL https://pkgs.tailscale.com/${TAILSCALE_CHANNEL}/ubuntu/focal.gpg | apt-key add - \
+    && curl -fsSL https://pkgs.tailscale.com/${TAILSCALE_CHANNEL}/ubuntu/focal.list | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/tailscale.list \
+    && apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y ca-certificates tailscale=${TAILSCALE_VERSION} dnsutils \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+ADD integration_test/etc_embedded_derp/tls/server.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/
+RUN chmod 644 /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/server.crt 
+
+RUN update-ca-certificates

Dockerfile.tailscale-HEAD

@@ -1,47 +1,23 @@
-# Copyright (c) Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+FROM golang:latest
 
-# This Dockerfile is more or less lifted from tailscale/tailscale
-# to ensure a similar build process when testing the HEAD of tailscale.
+RUN apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y ca-certificates dnsutils git iptables \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-FROM golang:1.26.2-alpine AS build-env
 
-WORKDIR /go/src
-
-RUN apk add --no-cache git
-
-# Replace `RUN git...` with `COPY` and a local checked out version of Tailscale in `./tailscale`
-# to test specific commits of the Tailscale client. This is useful when trying to find out why
-# something specific broke between two versions of Tailscale with for example `git bisect`.
-# COPY ./tailscale .
 RUN git clone https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale.git
 
-WORKDIR /go/src/tailscale
+WORKDIR /go/tailscale
 
+RUN git checkout main
 
-# see build_docker.sh
-ARG VERSION_LONG=""
-ENV VERSION_LONG=$VERSION_LONG
-ARG VERSION_SHORT=""
-ENV VERSION_SHORT=$VERSION_SHORT
-ARG VERSION_GIT_HASH=""
-ENV VERSION_GIT_HASH=$VERSION_GIT_HASH
-ARG TARGETARCH
+RUN sh build_dist.sh tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale
+RUN sh build_dist.sh tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled
 
-ARG BUILD_TAGS=""
+RUN cp tailscale /usr/local/bin/
+RUN cp tailscaled /usr/local/bin/
 
-RUN GOARCH=$TARGETARCH go install -tags="${BUILD_TAGS}" -ldflags="\
-      -X tailscale.com/version.longStamp=$VERSION_LONG \
-      -X tailscale.com/version.shortStamp=$VERSION_SHORT \
-      -X tailscale.com/version.gitCommitStamp=$VERSION_GIT_HASH" \
-      -v ./cmd/tailscale ./cmd/tailscaled ./cmd/containerboot
+ADD integration_test/etc_embedded_derp/tls/server.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/
+RUN chmod 644 /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/server.crt 
 
-FROM alpine:3.22
-# Upstream: ca-certificates ip6tables iptables iproute2
-# Tests: curl python3 (traceroute via BusyBox)
-RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates curl ip6tables iptables iproute2 python3
-
-COPY --from=build-env /go/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
-# For compat with the previous run.sh, although ideally you should be
-# using build_docker.sh which sets an entrypoint for the image.
-RUN mkdir /tailscale && ln -s /usr/local/bin/containerboot /tailscale/run.sh
+RUN update-ca-certificates

Makefile

@@ -1,135 +1,111 @@
-# Headscale Makefile
-# Modern Makefile following best practices
+# Calculate version
+version ?= $(shell git describe --always --tags --dirty)
 
-# Version calculation
-VERSION ?= $(shell git describe --always --tags --dirty)
+rwildcard=$(foreach d,$(wildcard $1*),$(call rwildcard,$d/,$2) $(filter $(subst *,%,$2),$d))
 
-# Build configuration
+# Determine if OS supports pie
 GOOS ?= $(shell uname | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
-ifeq ($(filter $(GOOS), openbsd netbsd solaris plan9), )
-	PIE_FLAGS = -buildmode=pie
+ifeq ($(filter $(GOOS), openbsd netbsd soloaris plan9), )
+	pieflags = -buildmode=pie
+else
 endif
 
-# Tool availability check with nix warning
-define check_tool
-	@command -v $(1) >/dev/null 2>&1 || { \
-		echo "Warning: $(1) not found. Run 'nix develop' to ensure all dependencies are available."; \
-		exit 1; \
-	}
-endef
+TAGS = -tags ts2019
 
-# Source file collections using shell find for better performance
-GO_SOURCES := $(shell find . -name '*.go' -not -path './gen/*' -not -path './vendor/*')
-PROTO_SOURCES := $(shell find . -name '*.proto' -not -path './gen/*' -not -path './vendor/*')
-PRETTIER_SOURCES := $(shell find . \( -name '*.md' -o -name '*.yaml' -o -name '*.yml' -o -name '*.ts' -o -name '*.js' -o -name '*.html' -o -name '*.css' -o -name '*.scss' -o -name '*.sass' \) -not -path './gen/*' -not -path './vendor/*' -not -path './node_modules/*')
-
-# Default target
-.PHONY: all
-all: lint test build
-
-# Dependency checking
-.PHONY: check-deps
-check-deps:
-	$(call check_tool,go)
-	$(call check_tool,golangci-lint)
-	$(call check_tool,gofumpt)
-	$(call check_tool,mdformat)
-	$(call check_tool,prettier)
-	$(call check_tool,clang-format)
-	$(call check_tool,buf)
-
-# Build targets
-.PHONY: build
-build: check-deps $(GO_SOURCES) go.mod go.sum
-	@echo "Building headscale..."
-	go build $(PIE_FLAGS) -ldflags "-X main.version=$(VERSION)" -o headscale ./cmd/headscale
-
-# Test targets
-.PHONY: test
-test: check-deps $(GO_SOURCES) go.mod go.sum
-	@echo "Running Go tests..."
-	go test -race ./...
+# GO_SOURCES = $(wildcard *.go)
+# PROTO_SOURCES = $(wildcard **/*.proto)
+GO_SOURCES = $(call rwildcard,,*.go)
+PROTO_SOURCES = $(call rwildcard,,*.proto)
 
 
-# Formatting targets
-.PHONY: fmt
-fmt: fmt-go fmt-mdformat fmt-prettier fmt-proto
+build:
+	nix build
 
-.PHONY: fmt-go
-fmt-go: check-deps $(GO_SOURCES)
-	@echo "Formatting Go code..."
-	gofumpt -l -w .
-	golangci-lint run --fix
+dev: lint test build
 
-.PHONY: fmt-mdformat
-fmt-mdformat: check-deps
-	@echo "Formatting documentation..."
-	mdformat docs/
+test:
+	@go test $(TAGS) -short -coverprofile=coverage.out ./...
 
-.PHONY: fmt-prettier
-fmt-prettier: check-deps $(PRETTIER_SOURCES)
-	@echo "Formatting markup and config files..."
-	prettier --write '**/*.{ts,js,md,yaml,yml,sass,css,scss,html}'
+test_integration: test_integration_cli test_integration_derp test_integration_oidc test_integration_v2_general
 
-.PHONY: fmt-proto
-fmt-proto: check-deps $(PROTO_SOURCES)
-	@echo "Formatting Protocol Buffer files..."
-	clang-format -i $(PROTO_SOURCES)
+test_integration_cli:
+	docker network rm $$(docker network ls --filter name=headscale --quiet) || true
+	docker network create headscale-test || true
+	docker run -t --rm \
+		--network headscale-test \
+		-v ~/.cache/hs-integration-go:/go \
+		-v $$PWD:$$PWD -w $$PWD \
+		-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock golang:1 \
+		go test $(TAGS) -failfast -timeout 30m -count=1 -run IntegrationCLI ./...
 
-# Linting targets
-.PHONY: lint
-lint: lint-go lint-proto
+test_integration_derp:
+	docker network rm $$(docker network ls --filter name=headscale --quiet) || true
+	docker network create headscale-test || true
+	docker run -t --rm \
+		--network headscale-test \
+		-v ~/.cache/hs-integration-go:/go \
+		-v $$PWD:$$PWD -w $$PWD \
+		-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock golang:1 \
+		go test $(TAGS) -failfast -timeout 30m -count=1 -run IntegrationDERP ./...
 
-.PHONY: lint-go
-lint-go: check-deps $(GO_SOURCES) go.mod go.sum
-	@echo "Linting Go code..."
-	golangci-lint run --timeout 10m
+test_integration_oidc:
+	docker network rm $$(docker network ls --filter name=headscale --quiet) || true
+	docker network create headscale-test || true
+	docker run -t --rm \
+		--network headscale-test \
+		-v ~/.cache/hs-integration-go:/go \
+		-v $$PWD:$$PWD -w $$PWD \
+		-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock golang:1 \
+		go test $(TAGS) -failfast -timeout 30m -count=1 -run IntegrationOIDC ./...
 
-.PHONY: lint-proto
-lint-proto: check-deps $(PROTO_SOURCES)
-	@echo "Linting Protocol Buffer files..."
-	cd proto/ && buf lint
+test_integration_v2_general:
+	docker run \
+		-t --rm \
+		-v ~/.cache/hs-integration-go:/go \
+		--name headscale-test-suite \
+		-v $$PWD:$$PWD -w $$PWD/integration \
+		-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
+		golang:1 \
+		go test $(TAGS) -failfast ./... -timeout 60m -parallel 6
 
-# Code generation
-.PHONY: generate
-generate: check-deps
-	@echo "Generating code..."
-	go generate ./...
 
-# Clean targets
-.PHONY: clean
-clean:
-	rm -rf headscale gen
+test_integration_v2_auth_web_flow:
+	docker run \
+		-t --rm \
+		-v ~/.cache/hs-integration-go:/go \
+		--name headscale-test-suite \
+		-v $$PWD:$$PWD -w $$PWD/integration \
+		-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
+		golang:1 \
+		go test ./... -timeout 60m -parallel 6 -run TestAuthWebFlow
 
-# Development workflow
-.PHONY: dev
-dev: fmt lint test build
+coverprofile_func:
+	go tool cover -func=coverage.out
 
-# Help target
-.PHONY: help
-help:
-	@echo "Headscale Development Makefile"
-	@echo ""
-	@echo "Main targets:"
-	@echo "  all          - Run lint, test, and build (default)"
-	@echo "  build        - Build headscale binary"
-	@echo "  test         - Run Go tests"
-	@echo "  fmt          - Format all code (Go, docs, proto)"
-	@echo "  lint         - Lint all code (Go, proto)"
-	@echo "  generate     - Generate code from Protocol Buffers"
-	@echo "  dev          - Full development workflow (fmt + lint + test + build)"
-	@echo "  clean        - Clean build artifacts"
-	@echo ""
-	@echo "Specific targets:"
-	@echo "  fmt-go       - Format Go code only"
-	@echo "  fmt-mdformat - Format documentation only"
-	@echo "  fmt-prettier - Format markup and config files only"
-	@echo "  fmt-proto    - Format Protocol Buffer files only"
-	@echo "  lint-go      - Lint Go code only"
-	@echo "  lint-proto   - Lint Protocol Buffer files only"
-	@echo ""
-	@echo "Dependencies:"
-	@echo "  check-deps   - Verify required tools are available"
-	@echo ""
-	@echo "Note: If not running in a nix shell, ensure dependencies are available:"
-	@echo "  nix develop"
+coverprofile_html:
+	go tool cover -html=coverage.out
+
+lint:
+	golangci-lint run --fix --timeout 10m
+
+fmt:
+	prettier --write '**/**.{ts,js,md,yaml,yml,sass,css,scss,html}'
+	golines --max-len=88 --base-formatter=gofumpt -w $(GO_SOURCES)
+	clang-format -style="{BasedOnStyle: Google, IndentWidth: 4, AlignConsecutiveDeclarations: true, AlignConsecutiveAssignments: true, ColumnLimit: 0}" -i $(PROTO_SOURCES)
+
+proto-lint:
+	cd proto/ && go run github.com/bufbuild/buf/cmd/buf lint
+
+compress: build
+	upx --brute headscale
+
+generate:
+	rm -rf gen
+	go run github.com/bufbuild/buf/cmd/buf generate proto
+
+install-protobuf-plugins:
+	go install \
+		github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/protoc-gen-grpc-gateway \
+		github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/protoc-gen-openapiv2 \
+		google.golang.org/protobuf/cmd/protoc-gen-go \
+		google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc

README.md

@@ -1,18 +1,14 @@
-![headscale logo](./docs/assets/logo/headscale3_header_stacked_left.png)
+![headscale logo](./docs/logo/headscale3_header_stacked_left.png)
 
 ![ci](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg)
 
 An open source, self-hosted implementation of the Tailscale control server.
 
-Join our [Discord server](https://discord.gg/c84AZQhmpx) for a chat.
+Join our [Discord](https://discord.gg/c84AZQhmpx) server for a chat.
 
 **Note:** Always select the same GitHub tag as the released version you use
-to ensure you have the correct example configuration. The `main` branch might
-contain unreleased changes. The documentation is available for stable and
-development versions:
-
-- [Documentation for the stable version](https://headscale.net/stable/)
-- [Documentation for the development version](https://headscale.net/development/)
+to ensure you have the correct example configuration and documentation.
+The `main` branch might contain unreleased changes.
 
 ## What is Tailscale
 
@@ -36,69 +32,71 @@ organisation.
 
 ## Design goal
 
-Headscale aims to implement a self-hosted, open source alternative to the
-[Tailscale](https://tailscale.com/) control server. Headscale's goal is to
-provide self-hosters and hobbyists with an open-source server they can use for
-their projects and labs. It implements a narrow scope, a _single_ Tailscale
-network (tailnet), suitable for a personal use, or a small open-source
-organisation.
+`headscale` aims to implement a self-hosted, open source alternative to the Tailscale
+control server. `headscale` has a narrower scope and an instance of `headscale`
+implements a _single_ Tailnet, which is typically what a single organisation, or
+home/personal setup would use.
 
-## Supporting Headscale
+`headscale` uses terms that maps to Tailscale's control server, consult the
+[glossary](./docs/glossary.md) for explainations.
+
+## Support
 
 If you like `headscale` and find it useful, there is a sponsorship and donation
 buttons available in the repo.
 
+If you would like to sponsor features, bugs or prioritisation, reach out to
+one of the maintainers.
+
 ## Features
 
-Please see ["Features" in the documentation](https://headscale.net/stable/about/features/).
+- Full "base" support of Tailscale's features
+- Configurable DNS
+  - [Split DNS](https://tailscale.com/kb/1054/dns/#using-dns-settings-in-the-admin-console)
+- Node registration
+  - Single-Sign-On (via Open ID Connect)
+  - Pre authenticated key
+- Taildrop (File Sharing)
+- [Access control lists](https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/acls/)
+- [MagicDNS](https://tailscale.com/kb/1081/magicdns)
+- Support for multiple IP ranges in the tailnet
+- Dual stack (IPv4 and IPv6)
+- Routing advertising (including exit nodes)
+- Ephemeral nodes
+- Embedded [DERP server](https://tailscale.com/blog/how-tailscale-works/#encrypted-tcp-relays-derp)
 
 ## Client OS support
 
-Please see ["Client and operating system support" in the documentation](https://headscale.net/stable/about/clients/).
+| OS      | Supports headscale                                        |
+| ------- | --------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Linux   | Yes                                                       |
+| OpenBSD | Yes                                                       |
+| FreeBSD | Yes                                                       |
+| macOS   | Yes (see `/apple` on your headscale for more information) |
+| Windows | Yes [docs](./docs/windows-client.md)                      |
+| Android | Yes [docs](./docs/android-client.md)                      |
+| iOS     | Not yet                                                   |
 
 ## Running headscale
 
-**Please note that we do not support nor encourage the use of reverse proxies
-and container to run Headscale.**
-
-Please have a look at the [`documentation`](https://headscale.net/stable/).
-
-For NixOS users, a module is available in [`nix/`](./nix/).
-
-## Builds from `main`
-
-Development builds from the `main` branch are available as container images and
-binaries. See the [development builds](https://headscale.net/stable/setup/install/main/)
-documentation for details.
-
-## Talks
-
-- Fosdem 2026 (video): [Headscale & Tailscale: The complementary open source clone](https://fosdem.org/2026/schedule/event/KYQ3LL-headscale-the-complementary-open-source-clone/)
-  - presented by Kristoffer Dalby
-- Fosdem 2023 (video): [Headscale: How we are using integration testing to reimplement Tailscale](https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/goheadscale/)
-  - presented by Juan Font Alonso and Kristoffer Dalby
+Please have a look at the documentation under [`docs/`](docs/).
 
 ## Disclaimer
 
-This project is not associated with Tailscale Inc.
-
-However, one of the active maintainers for Headscale [is employed by Tailscale](https://tailscale.com/blog/opensource) and he is allowed to spend work hours contributing to the project. Contributions from this maintainer are reviewed by other maintainers.
-
-The maintainers work together on setting the direction for the project. The underlying principle is to serve the community of self-hosters, enthusiasts and hobbyists - while having a sustainable project.
+1. We have nothing to do with Tailscale, or Tailscale Inc.
+2. The purpose of Headscale is maintaining a working, self-hosted Tailscale control panel.
 
 ## Contributing
 
-Please read the [CONTRIBUTING.md](./CONTRIBUTING.md) file.
-
-### Requirements
-
-To contribute to headscale you would need the latest version of [Go](https://golang.org)
-and [Buf](https://buf.build) (Protobuf generator).
+To contribute to headscale you would need the lastest version of [Go](https://golang.org)
+and [Buf](https://buf.build)(Protobuf generator).
 
 We recommend using [Nix](https://nixos.org/) to setup a development environment. This can
 be done with `nix develop`, which will install the tools and give you a shell.
 This guarantees that you will have the same dev env as `headscale` maintainers.
 
+PRs and suggestions are welcome.
+
 ### Code style
 
 To ensure we have some consistency with a growing number of contributions,
@@ -113,8 +111,6 @@ run `make lint` and `make fmt` before committing any code.
 The **Proto** code is linted with [`buf`](https://docs.buf.build/lint/overview) and
 formatted with [`clang-format`](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html).
 
-The **docs** are formatted with [`mdformat`](https://mdformat.readthedocs.io).
-
 The **rest** (Markdown, YAML, etc) is formatted with [`prettier`](https://prettier.io).
 
 Check out the `.golangci.yaml` and `Makefile` to see the specific configuration.
@@ -151,34 +147,625 @@ make test
 To build the program:
 
 ```shell
-make build
+nix build
 ```
 
-### Development workflow
-
-We recommend using Nix for dependency management to ensure you have all required tools. If you prefer to manage dependencies yourself, you can use Make directly:
-
-**With Nix (recommended):**
+or
 
 ```shell
-nix develop
-make test
 make build
 ```
 
-**With your own dependencies:**
-
-```shell
-make test
-make build
-```
-
-The Makefile will warn you if any required tools are missing and suggest running `nix develop`. Run `make help` to see all available targets.
-
 ## Contributors
 
-<a href="https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/graphs/contributors">
-  <img src="https://contrib.rocks/image?repo=juanfont/headscale" />
-</a>
-
-Made with [contrib.rocks](https://contrib.rocks).
+<table>
+<tr>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/kradalby>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/98431?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Kristoffer Dalby/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Kristoffer Dalby</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/juanfont>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/181059?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Juan Font/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Juan Font</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/restanrm>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4344371?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Adrien Raffin-Caboisse/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Adrien Raffin-Caboisse</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/cure>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/149135?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Ward Vandewege/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Ward Vandewege</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/huskyii>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5499746?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Jiang Zhu/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Jiang Zhu</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/tsujamin>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2435619?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Benjamin Roberts/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Benjamin Roberts</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/reynico>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/715768?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Nico/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Nico</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/e-zk>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/58356365?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=e-zk/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>e-zk</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/arch4ngel>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/11574161?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Justin Angel/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Justin Angel</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/ItalyPaleAle>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43508?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Alessandro (Ale) Segala/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Alessandro (Ale) Segala</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/unreality>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/352522?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=unreality/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>unreality</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/ohdearaugustin>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/14001491?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=ohdearaugustin/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>ohdearaugustin</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/mpldr>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/33086936?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Moritz Poldrack/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Moritz Poldrack</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/GrigoriyMikhalkin>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3637857?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=GrigoriyMikhalkin/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>GrigoriyMikhalkin</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/mike-lloyd03>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/49411532?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Mike Lloyd/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Mike Lloyd</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/Niek>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/213140?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Niek van der Maas/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Niek van der Maas</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/negbie>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20154956?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Eugen Biegler/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Eugen Biegler</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/617a7a>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/67651251?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Azz/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Azz</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/iSchluff>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1429641?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Anton Schubert/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Anton Schubert</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/qbit>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/68368?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Aaron Bieber/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Aaron Bieber</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/kazauwa>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/12330159?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Igor Perepilitsyn/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Igor Perepilitsyn</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/Aluxima>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16262531?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Laurent Marchaud/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Laurent Marchaud</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/fdelucchijr>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/69133647?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Fernando De Lucchi/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Fernando De Lucchi</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/hdhoang>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/12537?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=hdhoang/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>hdhoang</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/bravechamp>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/48980452?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=bravechamp/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>bravechamp</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/deonthomasgy>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/150036?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Deon Thomas/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Deon Thomas</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/madjam002>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/679137?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Jamie Greeff/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Jamie Greeff</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/ChibangLW>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22293464?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=ChibangLW/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>ChibangLW</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/mevansam>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/403630?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Mevan Samaratunga/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Mevan Samaratunga</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/dragetd>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3639577?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Michael G./>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Michael G.</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/ptman>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24669?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Paul Tötterman/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Paul Tötterman</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/samson4649>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/12725953?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Samuel Lock/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Samuel Lock</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/majst01>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/410110?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Stefan Majer/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Stefan Majer</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/kevin1sMe>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6886076?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=kevinlin/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>kevinlin</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/artemklevtsov>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/603798?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Artem Klevtsov/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Artem Klevtsov</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/cmars>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23741?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Casey Marshall/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Casey Marshall</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/CNLHC>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/21005146?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=LiuHanCheng/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>LiuHanCheng</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/pvinis>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/100233?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Pavlos Vinieratos/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Pavlos Vinieratos</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/SilverBut>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6560655?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Silver Bullet/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Silver Bullet</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/ratsclub>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/25647735?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Victor Freire/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Victor Freire</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/lachy2849>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/98844035?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=lachy2849/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>lachy2849</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/t56k>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/12165422?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=thomas/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>thomas</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/aberoham>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/586805?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Abraham Ingersoll/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Abraham Ingersoll</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/puzpuzpuz>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/37772591?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Andrei Pechkurov/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Andrei Pechkurov</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/apognu>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3017182?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Antoine POPINEAU/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Antoine POPINEAU</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/aofei>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5037285?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Aofei Sheng/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Aofei Sheng</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/awoimbee>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22431493?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Arthur Woimbée/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Arthur Woimbée</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/stensonb>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/933389?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Bryan Stenson/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Bryan Stenson</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/yangchuansheng>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/15308462?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt= Carson Yang/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b> Carson Yang</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/kundel>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10158899?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=kundel/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>kundel</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/fkr>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/51063?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Felix Kronlage-Dammers/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Felix Kronlage-Dammers</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/felixonmars>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1006477?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Felix Yan/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Felix Yan</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/JJGadgets>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5709019?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=JJGadgets/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>JJGadgets</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/jimt>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/180326?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Jim Tittsler/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Jim Tittsler</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/ShadowJonathan>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22740616?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Jonathan de Jong/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Jonathan de Jong</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/piec>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/781471?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Pierre Carru/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Pierre Carru</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/Donran>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4838348?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Pontus N/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Pontus N</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/nnsee>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/36747857?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Rasmus Moorats/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Rasmus Moorats</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/rcursaru>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16259641?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=rcursaru/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>rcursaru</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/renovate-bot>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/25180681?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Mend Renovate/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Mend Renovate</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/ryanfowler>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2668821?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Ryan Fowler/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Ryan Fowler</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/shaananc>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2287839?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Shaanan Cohney/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Shaanan Cohney</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/stefanvanburen>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/622527?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Stefan VanBuren/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Stefan VanBuren</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/sophware>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/41669?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=sophware/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>sophware</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/m-tanner-dev0>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/97977342?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Tanner/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Tanner</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/Teteros>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5067989?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Teteros/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Teteros</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/gitter-badger>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/8518239?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=The Gitter Badger/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>The Gitter Badger</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/tianon>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/161631?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Tianon Gravi/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Tianon Gravi</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/thetillhoff>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/25052289?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Till Hoffmann/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Till Hoffmann</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/woudsma>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6162978?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Tjerk Woudsma/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Tjerk Woudsma</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/y0ngb1n>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/25719408?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Yang Bin/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Yang Bin</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/gozssky>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17199941?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Yujie Xia/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Yujie Xia</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/zekker6>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1367798?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Zakhar Bessarab/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Zakhar Bessarab</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/zhzy0077>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/8717471?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Zhiyuan Zheng/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Zhiyuan Zheng</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/Bpazy>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9838749?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Ziyuan Han/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Ziyuan Han</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/derelm>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/465155?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=derelm/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>derelm</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/nning>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/557430?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=henning mueller/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>henning mueller</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/ignoramous>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/852289?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=ignoramous/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>ignoramous</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/lion24>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1382102?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=sharkonet/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>sharkonet</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/pernila>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/12460060?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=pernila/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>pernila</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/phpmalik>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/26834645?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=phpmalik/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>phpmalik</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/Wakeful-Cloud>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38930607?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=Wakeful-Cloud/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>Wakeful-Cloud</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+    <td align="center" style="word-wrap: break-word; width: 150.0; height: 150.0">
+        <a href=https://github.com/xpzouying>
+            <img src=https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3946563?v=4 width="100;"  style="border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-top:10px" alt=zy/>
+            <br />
+            <sub style="font-size:14px"><b>zy</b></sub>
+        </a>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+</table>

acls.go

@@ -0,0 +1,578 @@
+package headscale
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+	"github.com/tailscale/hujson"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
+)
+
+const (
+	errEmptyPolicy       = Error("empty policy")
+	errInvalidAction     = Error("invalid action")
+	errInvalidGroup      = Error("invalid group")
+	errInvalidTag        = Error("invalid tag")
+	errInvalidPortFormat = Error("invalid port format")
+	errWildcardIsNeeded  = Error("wildcard as port is required for the protocol")
+)
+
+const (
+	Base8              = 8
+	Base10             = 10
+	BitSize16          = 16
+	BitSize32          = 32
+	BitSize64          = 64
+	portRangeBegin     = 0
+	portRangeEnd       = 65535
+	expectedTokenItems = 2
+)
+
+// For some reason golang.org/x/net/internal/iana is an internal package.
+const (
+	protocolICMP     = 1   // Internet Control Message
+	protocolIGMP     = 2   // Internet Group Management
+	protocolIPv4     = 4   // IPv4 encapsulation
+	protocolTCP      = 6   // Transmission Control
+	protocolEGP      = 8   // Exterior Gateway Protocol
+	protocolIGP      = 9   // any private interior gateway (used by Cisco for their IGRP)
+	protocolUDP      = 17  // User Datagram
+	protocolGRE      = 47  // Generic Routing Encapsulation
+	protocolESP      = 50  // Encap Security Payload
+	protocolAH       = 51  // Authentication Header
+	protocolIPv6ICMP = 58  // ICMP for IPv6
+	protocolSCTP     = 132 // Stream Control Transmission Protocol
+	ProtocolFC       = 133 // Fibre Channel
+)
+
+// LoadACLPolicy loads the ACL policy from the specify path, and generates the ACL rules.
+func (h *Headscale) LoadACLPolicy(path string) error {
+	log.Debug().
+		Str("func", "LoadACLPolicy").
+		Str("path", path).
+		Msg("Loading ACL policy from path")
+
+	policyFile, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer policyFile.Close()
+
+	var policy ACLPolicy
+	policyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(policyFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	switch filepath.Ext(path) {
+	case ".yml", ".yaml":
+		log.Debug().
+			Str("path", path).
+			Bytes("file", policyBytes).
+			Msg("Loading ACLs from YAML")
+
+		err := yaml.Unmarshal(policyBytes, &policy)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		log.Trace().
+			Interface("policy", policy).
+			Msg("Loaded policy from YAML")
+
+	default:
+		ast, err := hujson.Parse(policyBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		ast.Standardize()
+		policyBytes = ast.Pack()
+		err = json.Unmarshal(policyBytes, &policy)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if policy.IsZero() {
+		return errEmptyPolicy
+	}
+
+	h.aclPolicy = &policy
+
+	return h.UpdateACLRules()
+}
+
+func (h *Headscale) UpdateACLRules() error {
+	rules, err := h.generateACLRules()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	log.Trace().Interface("ACL", rules).Msg("ACL rules generated")
+	h.aclRules = rules
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (h *Headscale) generateACLRules() ([]tailcfg.FilterRule, error) {
+	rules := []tailcfg.FilterRule{}
+
+	if h.aclPolicy == nil {
+		return nil, errEmptyPolicy
+	}
+
+	machines, err := h.ListMachines()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	for index, acl := range h.aclPolicy.ACLs {
+		if acl.Action != "accept" {
+			return nil, errInvalidAction
+		}
+
+		srcIPs := []string{}
+		for innerIndex, src := range acl.Sources {
+			srcs, err := h.generateACLPolicySrcIP(machines, *h.aclPolicy, src)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error().
+					Msgf("Error parsing ACL %d, Source %d", index, innerIndex)
+
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			srcIPs = append(srcIPs, srcs...)
+		}
+
+		protocols, needsWildcard, err := parseProtocol(acl.Protocol)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Msgf("Error parsing ACL %d. protocol unknown %s", index, acl.Protocol)
+
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		destPorts := []tailcfg.NetPortRange{}
+		for innerIndex, dest := range acl.Destinations {
+			dests, err := h.generateACLPolicyDest(
+				machines,
+				*h.aclPolicy,
+				dest,
+				needsWildcard,
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error().
+					Msgf("Error parsing ACL %d, Destination %d", index, innerIndex)
+
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			destPorts = append(destPorts, dests...)
+		}
+
+		rules = append(rules, tailcfg.FilterRule{
+			SrcIPs:   srcIPs,
+			DstPorts: destPorts,
+			IPProto:  protocols,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return rules, nil
+}
+
+func (h *Headscale) generateACLPolicySrcIP(
+	machines []Machine,
+	aclPolicy ACLPolicy,
+	src string,
+) ([]string, error) {
+	return expandAlias(machines, aclPolicy, src, h.cfg.OIDC.StripEmaildomain)
+}
+
+func (h *Headscale) generateACLPolicyDest(
+	machines []Machine,
+	aclPolicy ACLPolicy,
+	dest string,
+	needsWildcard bool,
+) ([]tailcfg.NetPortRange, error) {
+	tokens := strings.Split(dest, ":")
+	if len(tokens) < expectedTokenItems || len(tokens) > 3 {
+		return nil, errInvalidPortFormat
+	}
+
+	var alias string
+	// We can have here stuff like:
+	// git-server:*
+	// 192.168.1.0/24:22
+	// tag:montreal-webserver:80,443
+	// tag:api-server:443
+	// example-host-1:*
+	if len(tokens) == expectedTokenItems {
+		alias = tokens[0]
+	} else {
+		alias = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", tokens[0], tokens[1])
+	}
+
+	expanded, err := expandAlias(
+		machines,
+		aclPolicy,
+		alias,
+		h.cfg.OIDC.StripEmaildomain,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	ports, err := expandPorts(tokens[len(tokens)-1], needsWildcard)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	dests := []tailcfg.NetPortRange{}
+	for _, d := range expanded {
+		for _, p := range *ports {
+			pr := tailcfg.NetPortRange{
+				IP:    d,
+				Ports: p,
+			}
+			dests = append(dests, pr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return dests, nil
+}
+
+// parseProtocol reads the proto field of the ACL and generates a list of
+// protocols that will be allowed, following the IANA IP protocol number
+// https://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/protocol-numbers.xhtml
+//
+// If the ACL proto field is empty, it allows ICMPv4, ICMPv6, TCP, and UDP,
+// as per Tailscale behaviour (see tailcfg.FilterRule).
+//
+// Also returns a boolean indicating if the protocol
+// requires all the destinations to use wildcard as port number (only TCP,
+// UDP and SCTP support specifying ports).
+func parseProtocol(protocol string) ([]int, bool, error) {
+	switch protocol {
+	case "":
+		return []int{
+			protocolICMP,
+			protocolIPv6ICMP,
+			protocolTCP,
+			protocolUDP,
+		}, false, nil
+	case "igmp":
+		return []int{protocolIGMP}, true, nil
+	case "ipv4", "ip-in-ip":
+		return []int{protocolIPv4}, true, nil
+	case "tcp":
+		return []int{protocolTCP}, false, nil
+	case "egp":
+		return []int{protocolEGP}, true, nil
+	case "igp":
+		return []int{protocolIGP}, true, nil
+	case "udp":
+		return []int{protocolUDP}, false, nil
+	case "gre":
+		return []int{protocolGRE}, true, nil
+	case "esp":
+		return []int{protocolESP}, true, nil
+	case "ah":
+		return []int{protocolAH}, true, nil
+	case "sctp":
+		return []int{protocolSCTP}, false, nil
+	case "icmp":
+		return []int{protocolICMP, protocolIPv6ICMP}, true, nil
+
+	default:
+		protocolNumber, err := strconv.Atoi(protocol)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, err
+		}
+		needsWildcard := protocolNumber != protocolTCP &&
+			protocolNumber != protocolUDP &&
+			protocolNumber != protocolSCTP
+
+		return []int{protocolNumber}, needsWildcard, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// expandalias has an input of either
+// - a namespace
+// - a group
+// - a tag
+// and transform these in IPAddresses.
+func expandAlias(
+	machines []Machine,
+	aclPolicy ACLPolicy,
+	alias string,
+	stripEmailDomain bool,
+) ([]string, error) {
+	ips := []string{}
+	if alias == "*" {
+		return []string{"*"}, nil
+	}
+
+	log.Debug().
+		Str("alias", alias).
+		Msg("Expanding")
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(alias, "group:") {
+		namespaces, err := expandGroup(aclPolicy, alias, stripEmailDomain)
+		if err != nil {
+			return ips, err
+		}
+		for _, n := range namespaces {
+			nodes := filterMachinesByNamespace(machines, n)
+			for _, node := range nodes {
+				ips = append(ips, node.IPAddresses.ToStringSlice()...)
+			}
+		}
+
+		return ips, nil
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(alias, "tag:") {
+		// check for forced tags
+		for _, machine := range machines {
+			if contains(machine.ForcedTags, alias) {
+				ips = append(ips, machine.IPAddresses.ToStringSlice()...)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// find tag owners
+		owners, err := expandTagOwners(aclPolicy, alias, stripEmailDomain)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, errInvalidTag) {
+				if len(ips) == 0 {
+					return ips, fmt.Errorf(
+						"%w. %v isn't owned by a TagOwner and no forced tags are defined",
+						errInvalidTag,
+						alias,
+					)
+				}
+
+				return ips, nil
+			} else {
+				return ips, err
+			}
+		}
+
+		// filter out machines per tag owner
+		for _, namespace := range owners {
+			machines := filterMachinesByNamespace(machines, namespace)
+			for _, machine := range machines {
+				hi := machine.GetHostInfo()
+				if contains(hi.RequestTags, alias) {
+					ips = append(ips, machine.IPAddresses.ToStringSlice()...)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return ips, nil
+	}
+
+	// if alias is a namespace
+	nodes := filterMachinesByNamespace(machines, alias)
+	nodes = excludeCorrectlyTaggedNodes(aclPolicy, nodes, alias, stripEmailDomain)
+
+	for _, n := range nodes {
+		ips = append(ips, n.IPAddresses.ToStringSlice()...)
+	}
+	if len(ips) > 0 {
+		return ips, nil
+	}
+
+	// if alias is an host
+	if h, ok := aclPolicy.Hosts[alias]; ok {
+		return []string{h.String()}, nil
+	}
+
+	// if alias is an IP
+	ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(alias)
+	if err == nil {
+		return []string{ip.String()}, nil
+	}
+
+	// if alias is an CIDR
+	cidr, err := netip.ParsePrefix(alias)
+	if err == nil {
+		return []string{cidr.String()}, nil
+	}
+
+	log.Warn().Msgf("No IPs found with the alias %v", alias)
+
+	return ips, nil
+}
+
+// excludeCorrectlyTaggedNodes will remove from the list of input nodes the ones
+// that are correctly tagged since they should not be listed as being in the namespace
+// we assume in this function that we only have nodes from 1 namespace.
+func excludeCorrectlyTaggedNodes(
+	aclPolicy ACLPolicy,
+	nodes []Machine,
+	namespace string,
+	stripEmailDomain bool,
+) []Machine {
+	out := []Machine{}
+	tags := []string{}
+	for tag := range aclPolicy.TagOwners {
+		owners, _ := expandTagOwners(aclPolicy, namespace, stripEmailDomain)
+		ns := append(owners, namespace)
+		if contains(ns, namespace) {
+			tags = append(tags, tag)
+		}
+	}
+	// for each machine if tag is in tags list, don't append it.
+	for _, machine := range nodes {
+		hi := machine.GetHostInfo()
+
+		found := false
+		for _, t := range hi.RequestTags {
+			if contains(tags, t) {
+				found = true
+
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if len(machine.ForcedTags) > 0 {
+			found = true
+		}
+		if !found {
+			out = append(out, machine)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return out
+}
+
+func expandPorts(portsStr string, needsWildcard bool) (*[]tailcfg.PortRange, error) {
+	if portsStr == "*" {
+		return &[]tailcfg.PortRange{
+			{First: portRangeBegin, Last: portRangeEnd},
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	if needsWildcard {
+		return nil, errWildcardIsNeeded
+	}
+
+	ports := []tailcfg.PortRange{}
+	for _, portStr := range strings.Split(portsStr, ",") {
+		rang := strings.Split(portStr, "-")
+		switch len(rang) {
+		case 1:
+			port, err := strconv.ParseUint(rang[0], Base10, BitSize16)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			ports = append(ports, tailcfg.PortRange{
+				First: uint16(port),
+				Last:  uint16(port),
+			})
+
+		case expectedTokenItems:
+			start, err := strconv.ParseUint(rang[0], Base10, BitSize16)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			last, err := strconv.ParseUint(rang[1], Base10, BitSize16)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			ports = append(ports, tailcfg.PortRange{
+				First: uint16(start),
+				Last:  uint16(last),
+			})
+
+		default:
+			return nil, errInvalidPortFormat
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &ports, nil
+}
+
+func filterMachinesByNamespace(machines []Machine, namespace string) []Machine {
+	out := []Machine{}
+	for _, machine := range machines {
+		if machine.Namespace.Name == namespace {
+			out = append(out, machine)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return out
+}
+
+// expandTagOwners will return a list of namespace. An owner can be either a namespace or a group
+// a group cannot be composed of groups.
+func expandTagOwners(
+	aclPolicy ACLPolicy,
+	tag string,
+	stripEmailDomain bool,
+) ([]string, error) {
+	var owners []string
+	ows, ok := aclPolicy.TagOwners[tag]
+	if !ok {
+		return []string{}, fmt.Errorf(
+			"%w. %v isn't owned by a TagOwner. Please add one first. https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/acls/#tag-owners",
+			errInvalidTag,
+			tag,
+		)
+	}
+	for _, owner := range ows {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(owner, "group:") {
+			gs, err := expandGroup(aclPolicy, owner, stripEmailDomain)
+			if err != nil {
+				return []string{}, err
+			}
+			owners = append(owners, gs...)
+		} else {
+			owners = append(owners, owner)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return owners, nil
+}
+
+// expandGroup will return the list of namespace inside the group
+// after some validation.
+func expandGroup(
+	aclPolicy ACLPolicy,
+	group string,
+	stripEmailDomain bool,
+) ([]string, error) {
+	outGroups := []string{}
+	aclGroups, ok := aclPolicy.Groups[group]
+	if !ok {
+		return []string{}, fmt.Errorf(
+			"group %v isn't registered. %w",
+			group,
+			errInvalidGroup,
+		)
+	}
+	for _, group := range aclGroups {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(group, "group:") {
+			return []string{}, fmt.Errorf(
+				"%w. A group cannot be composed of groups. https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/acls/#groups",
+				errInvalidGroup,
+			)
+		}
+		grp, err := NormalizeToFQDNRules(group, stripEmailDomain)
+		if err != nil {
+			return []string{}, fmt.Errorf(
+				"failed to normalize group %q, err: %w",
+				group,
+				errInvalidGroup,
+			)
+		}
+		outGroups = append(outGroups, grp)
+	}
+
+	return outGroups, nil
+}

acls_types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+package headscale
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/tailscale/hujson"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+// ACLPolicy represents a Tailscale ACL Policy.
+type ACLPolicy struct {
+	Groups        Groups        `json:"groups"        yaml:"groups"`
+	Hosts         Hosts         `json:"hosts"         yaml:"hosts"`
+	TagOwners     TagOwners     `json:"tagOwners"     yaml:"tagOwners"`
+	ACLs          []ACL         `json:"acls"          yaml:"acls"`
+	Tests         []ACLTest     `json:"tests"         yaml:"tests"`
+	AutoApprovers AutoApprovers `json:"autoApprovers" yaml:"autoApprovers"`
+}
+
+// ACL is a basic rule for the ACL Policy.
+type ACL struct {
+	Action       string   `json:"action" yaml:"action"`
+	Protocol     string   `json:"proto"  yaml:"proto"`
+	Sources      []string `json:"src"    yaml:"src"`
+	Destinations []string `json:"dst"    yaml:"dst"`
+}
+
+// Groups references a series of alias in the ACL rules.
+type Groups map[string][]string
+
+// Hosts are alias for IP addresses or subnets.
+type Hosts map[string]netip.Prefix
+
+// TagOwners specify what users (namespaces?) are allow to use certain tags.
+type TagOwners map[string][]string
+
+// ACLTest is not implemented, but should be use to check if a certain rule is allowed.
+type ACLTest struct {
+	Source string   `json:"src"            yaml:"src"`
+	Accept []string `json:"accept"         yaml:"accept"`
+	Deny   []string `json:"deny,omitempty" yaml:"deny,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// AutoApprovers specify which users (namespaces?), groups or tags have their advertised routes
+// or exit node status automatically enabled.
+type AutoApprovers struct {
+	Routes   map[string][]string `json:"routes"   yaml:"routes"`
+	ExitNode []string            `json:"exitNode" yaml:"exitNode"`
+}
+
+// UnmarshalJSON allows to parse the Hosts directly into netip objects.
+func (hosts *Hosts) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	newHosts := Hosts{}
+	hostIPPrefixMap := make(map[string]string)
+	ast, err := hujson.Parse(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	ast.Standardize()
+	data = ast.Pack()
+	err = json.Unmarshal(data, &hostIPPrefixMap)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for host, prefixStr := range hostIPPrefixMap {
+		if !strings.Contains(prefixStr, "/") {
+			prefixStr += "/32"
+		}
+		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(prefixStr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		newHosts[host] = prefix
+	}
+	*hosts = newHosts
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// UnmarshalYAML allows to parse the Hosts directly into netip objects.
+func (hosts *Hosts) UnmarshalYAML(data []byte) error {
+	newHosts := Hosts{}
+	hostIPPrefixMap := make(map[string]string)
+
+	err := yaml.Unmarshal(data, &hostIPPrefixMap)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for host, prefixStr := range hostIPPrefixMap {
+		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(prefixStr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		newHosts[host] = prefix
+	}
+	*hosts = newHosts
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// IsZero is perhaps a bit naive here.
+func (policy ACLPolicy) IsZero() bool {
+	if len(policy.Groups) == 0 && len(policy.Hosts) == 0 && len(policy.ACLs) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// Returns the list of autoApproving namespaces, groups or tags for a given IPPrefix.
+func (autoApprovers *AutoApprovers) GetRouteApprovers(
+	prefix netip.Prefix,
+) ([]string, error) {
+	if prefix.Bits() == 0 {
+		return autoApprovers.ExitNode, nil // 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0 or equivalent
+	}
+
+	approverAliases := []string{}
+
+	for autoApprovedPrefix, autoApproverAliases := range autoApprovers.Routes {
+		autoApprovedPrefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(autoApprovedPrefix)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if prefix.Bits() >= autoApprovedPrefix.Bits() &&
+			autoApprovedPrefix.Contains(prefix.Masked().Addr()) {
+			approverAliases = append(approverAliases, autoApproverAliases...)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return approverAliases, nil
+}

api.go

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+package headscale
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"html/template"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+	"tailscale.com/types/key"
+)
+
+const (
+	// TODO(juan): remove this once https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/727 is fixed.
+	registrationHoldoff                      = time.Second * 5
+	reservedResponseHeaderSize               = 4
+	RegisterMethodAuthKey                    = "authkey"
+	RegisterMethodOIDC                       = "oidc"
+	RegisterMethodCLI                        = "cli"
+	ErrRegisterMethodCLIDoesNotSupportExpire = Error(
+		"machines registered with CLI does not support expire",
+	)
+)
+
+func (h *Headscale) HealthHandler(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
+	respond := func(err error) {
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/health+json; charset=utf-8")
+
+		res := struct {
+			Status string `json:"status"`
+		}{
+			Status: "pass",
+		}
+
+		if err != nil {
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			log.Error().Caller().Err(err).Msg("health check failed")
+			res.Status = "fail"
+		}
+
+		buf, err := json.Marshal(res)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().Caller().Err(err).Msg("marshal failed")
+		}
+		_, err = writer.Write(buf)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().Caller().Err(err).Msg("write failed")
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := h.pingDB(req.Context()); err != nil {
+		respond(err)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	respond(nil)
+}
+
+type registerWebAPITemplateConfig struct {
+	Key string
+}
+
+var registerWebAPITemplate = template.Must(
+	template.New("registerweb").Parse(`
+<html>
+	<head>
+		<title>Registration - Headscale</title>
+	</head>
+	<body>
+		<h1>headscale</h1>
+		<h2>Machine registration</h2>
+		<p>
+			Run the command below in the headscale server to add this machine to your network:
+		</p>
+		<pre><code>headscale -n NAMESPACE nodes register --key {{.Key}}</code></pre>
+	</body>
+</html>
+`))
+
+// RegisterWebAPI shows a simple message in the browser to point to the CLI
+// Listens in /register/:nkey.
+//
+// This is not part of the Tailscale control API, as we could send whatever URL
+// in the RegisterResponse.AuthURL field.
+func (h *Headscale) RegisterWebAPI(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
+	vars := mux.Vars(req)
+	nodeKeyStr, ok := vars["nkey"]
+
+	if !NodePublicKeyRegex.Match([]byte(nodeKeyStr)) {
+		log.Warn().Str("node_key", nodeKeyStr).Msg("Invalid node key passed to registration url")
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Unauthorized"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	// We need to make sure we dont open for XSS style injections, if the parameter that
+	// is passed as a key is not parsable/validated as a NodePublic key, then fail to render
+	// the template and log an error.
+	var nodeKey key.NodePublic
+	err := nodeKey.UnmarshalText(
+		[]byte(NodePublicKeyEnsurePrefix(nodeKeyStr)),
+	)
+
+	if !ok || nodeKeyStr == "" || err != nil {
+		log.Warn().Err(err).Msg("Failed to parse incoming nodekey")
+
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+		_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Wrong params"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	var content bytes.Buffer
+	if err := registerWebAPITemplate.Execute(&content, registerWebAPITemplateConfig{
+		Key: nodeKeyStr,
+	}); err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Str("func", "RegisterWebAPI").
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Could not render register web API template")
+		writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, err = writer.Write([]byte("Could not render register web API template"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Failed to write response")
+		}
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, err = writer.Write(content.Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to write response")
+	}
+}

api_common.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package headscale
+
+import (
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
+)
+
+func (h *Headscale) generateMapResponse(
+	mapRequest tailcfg.MapRequest,
+	machine *Machine,
+) (*tailcfg.MapResponse, error) {
+	log.Trace().
+		Str("func", "generateMapResponse").
+		Str("machine", mapRequest.Hostinfo.Hostname).
+		Msg("Creating Map response")
+	node, err := machine.toNode(h.cfg.BaseDomain, h.cfg.DNSConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Str("func", "generateMapResponse").
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Cannot convert to node")
+
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	peers, err := h.getValidPeers(machine)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Str("func", "generateMapResponse").
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Cannot fetch peers")
+
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	profiles := getMapResponseUserProfiles(*machine, peers)
+
+	nodePeers, err := peers.toNodes(h.cfg.BaseDomain, h.cfg.DNSConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Str("func", "generateMapResponse").
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("Failed to convert peers to Tailscale nodes")
+
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	dnsConfig := getMapResponseDNSConfig(
+		h.cfg.DNSConfig,
+		h.cfg.BaseDomain,
+		*machine,
+		peers,
+	)
+
+	resp := tailcfg.MapResponse{
+		KeepAlive:    false,
+		Node:         node,
+		Peers:        nodePeers,
+		DNSConfig:    dnsConfig,
+		Domain:       h.cfg.BaseDomain,
+		PacketFilter: h.aclRules,
+		DERPMap:      h.DERPMap,
+		UserProfiles: profiles,
+		Debug: &tailcfg.Debug{
+			DisableLogTail:      !h.cfg.LogTail.Enabled,
+			RandomizeClientPort: h.cfg.RandomizeClientPort,
+		},
+	}
+
+	log.Trace().
+		Str("func", "generateMapResponse").
+		Str("machine", mapRequest.Hostinfo.Hostname).
+		// Interface("payload", resp).
+		Msgf("Generated map response: %s", tailMapResponseToString(resp))
+
+	return &resp, nil
+}

api_key.go

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+package headscale
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
+)
+
+const (
+	apiPrefixLength = 7
+	apiKeyLength    = 32
+
+	ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse = Error("Failed to parse ApiKey")
+)
+
+// APIKey describes the datamodel for API keys used to remotely authenticate with
+// headscale.
+type APIKey struct {
+	ID     uint64 `gorm:"primary_key"`
+	Prefix string `gorm:"uniqueIndex"`
+	Hash   []byte
+
+	CreatedAt  *time.Time
+	Expiration *time.Time
+	LastSeen   *time.Time
+}
+
+// CreateAPIKey creates a new ApiKey in a namespace, and returns it.
+func (h *Headscale) CreateAPIKey(
+	expiration *time.Time,
+) (string, *APIKey, error) {
+	prefix, err := GenerateRandomStringURLSafe(apiPrefixLength)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+
+	toBeHashed, err := GenerateRandomStringURLSafe(apiKeyLength)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Key to return to user, this will only be visible _once_
+	keyStr := prefix + "." + toBeHashed
+
+	hash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(toBeHashed), bcrypt.DefaultCost)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+
+	key := APIKey{
+		Prefix:     prefix,
+		Hash:       hash,
+		Expiration: expiration,
+	}
+
+	if err := h.db.Save(&key).Error; err != nil {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to save API key to database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return keyStr, &key, nil
+}
+
+// ListAPIKeys returns the list of ApiKeys for a namespace.
+func (h *Headscale) ListAPIKeys() ([]APIKey, error) {
+	keys := []APIKey{}
+	if err := h.db.Find(&keys).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return keys, nil
+}
+
+// GetAPIKey returns a ApiKey for a given key.
+func (h *Headscale) GetAPIKey(prefix string) (*APIKey, error) {
+	key := APIKey{}
+	if result := h.db.First(&key, "prefix = ?", prefix); result.Error != nil {
+		return nil, result.Error
+	}
+
+	return &key, nil
+}
+
+// GetAPIKeyByID returns a ApiKey for a given id.
+func (h *Headscale) GetAPIKeyByID(id uint64) (*APIKey, error) {
+	key := APIKey{}
+	if result := h.db.Find(&APIKey{ID: id}).First(&key); result.Error != nil {
+		return nil, result.Error
+	}
+
+	return &key, nil
+}
+
+// DestroyAPIKey destroys a ApiKey. Returns error if the ApiKey
+// does not exist.
+func (h *Headscale) DestroyAPIKey(key APIKey) error {
+	if result := h.db.Unscoped().Delete(key); result.Error != nil {
+		return result.Error
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ExpireAPIKey marks a ApiKey as expired.
+func (h *Headscale) ExpireAPIKey(key *APIKey) error {
+	if err := h.db.Model(&key).Update("Expiration", time.Now()).Error; err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (h *Headscale) ValidateAPIKey(keyStr string) (bool, error) {
+	prefix, hash, found := strings.Cut(keyStr, ".")
+	if !found {
+		return false, ErrAPIKeyFailedToParse
+	}
+
+	key, err := h.GetAPIKey(prefix)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to validate api key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if key.Expiration.Before(time.Now()) {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	if err := bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword(key.Hash, []byte(hash)); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func (key *APIKey) toProto() *v1.ApiKey {
+	protoKey := v1.ApiKey{
+		Id:     key.ID,
+		Prefix: key.Prefix,
+	}
+
+	if key.Expiration != nil {
+		protoKey.Expiration = timestamppb.New(*key.Expiration)
+	}
+
+	if key.CreatedAt != nil {
+		protoKey.CreatedAt = timestamppb.New(*key.CreatedAt)
+	}
+
+	if key.LastSeen != nil {
+		protoKey.LastSeen = timestamppb.New(*key.LastSeen)
+	}
+
+	return &protoKey
+}

api_key_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package headscale
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"gopkg.in/check.v1"
+)
+
+func (*Suite) TestCreateAPIKey(c *check.C) {
+	apiKeyStr, apiKey, err := app.CreateAPIKey(nil)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(apiKey, check.NotNil)
+
+	// Did we get a valid key?
+	c.Assert(apiKey.Prefix, check.NotNil)
+	c.Assert(apiKey.Hash, check.NotNil)
+	c.Assert(apiKeyStr, check.Not(check.Equals), "")
+
+	_, err = app.ListAPIKeys()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	keys, err := app.ListAPIKeys()
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(len(keys), check.Equals, 1)
+}
+
+func (*Suite) TestAPIKeyDoesNotExist(c *check.C) {
+	key, err := app.GetAPIKey("does-not-exist")
+	c.Assert(err, check.NotNil)
+	c.Assert(key, check.IsNil)
+}
+
+func (*Suite) TestValidateAPIKeyOk(c *check.C) {
+	nowPlus2 := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Hour)
+	apiKeyStr, apiKey, err := app.CreateAPIKey(&nowPlus2)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(apiKey, check.NotNil)
+
+	valid, err := app.ValidateAPIKey(apiKeyStr)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(valid, check.Equals, true)
+}
+
+func (*Suite) TestValidateAPIKeyNotOk(c *check.C) {
+	nowMinus2 := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(-2) * time.Hour)
+	apiKeyStr, apiKey, err := app.CreateAPIKey(&nowMinus2)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(apiKey, check.NotNil)
+
+	valid, err := app.ValidateAPIKey(apiKeyStr)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(valid, check.Equals, false)
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	apiKeyStrNow, apiKey, err := app.CreateAPIKey(&now)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(apiKey, check.NotNil)
+
+	validNow, err := app.ValidateAPIKey(apiKeyStrNow)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(validNow, check.Equals, false)
+
+	validSilly, err := app.ValidateAPIKey("nota.validkey")
+	c.Assert(err, check.NotNil)
+	c.Assert(validSilly, check.Equals, false)
+
+	validWithErr, err := app.ValidateAPIKey("produceerrorkey")
+	c.Assert(err, check.NotNil)
+	c.Assert(validWithErr, check.Equals, false)
+}
+
+func (*Suite) TestExpireAPIKey(c *check.C) {
+	nowPlus2 := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Hour)
+	apiKeyStr, apiKey, err := app.CreateAPIKey(&nowPlus2)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(apiKey, check.NotNil)
+
+	valid, err := app.ValidateAPIKey(apiKeyStr)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(valid, check.Equals, true)
+
+	err = app.ExpireAPIKey(apiKey)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(apiKey.Expiration, check.NotNil)
+
+	notValid, err := app.ValidateAPIKey(apiKeyStr)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(notValid, check.Equals, false)
+}

app.go

@@ -0,0 +1,985 @@
+package headscale
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3/oidc"
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+	grpcMiddleware "github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware"
+	"github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/runtime"
+	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
+	"github.com/patrickmn/go-cache"
+	zerolog "github.com/philip-bui/grpc-zerolog"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
+	"github.com/puzpuzpuz/xsync/v2"
+	zl "github.com/rs/zerolog"
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/acme"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/peer"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/reflection"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
+	"tailscale.com/types/dnstype"
+	"tailscale.com/types/key"
+)
+
+const (
+	errSTUNAddressNotSet                   = Error("STUN address not set")
+	errUnsupportedDatabase                 = Error("unsupported DB")
+	errUnsupportedLetsEncryptChallengeType = Error(
+		"unknown value for Lets Encrypt challenge type",
+	)
+)
+
+const (
+	AuthPrefix          = "Bearer "
+	Postgres            = "postgres"
+	Sqlite              = "sqlite3"
+	updateInterval      = 5000
+	HTTPReadTimeout     = 30 * time.Second
+	HTTPShutdownTimeout = 3 * time.Second
+	privateKeyFileMode  = 0o600
+
+	registerCacheExpiration = time.Minute * 15
+	registerCacheCleanup    = time.Minute * 20
+
+	DisabledClientAuth = "disabled"
+	RelaxedClientAuth  = "relaxed"
+	EnforcedClientAuth = "enforced"
+)
+
+// Headscale represents the base app of the service.
+type Headscale struct {
+	cfg             *Config
+	db              *gorm.DB
+	dbString        string
+	dbType          string
+	dbDebug         bool
+	privateKey      *key.MachinePrivate
+	noisePrivateKey *key.MachinePrivate
+
+	noiseMux *mux.Router
+
+	DERPMap    *tailcfg.DERPMap
+	DERPServer *DERPServer
+
+	aclPolicy *ACLPolicy
+	aclRules  []tailcfg.FilterRule
+
+	lastStateChange *xsync.MapOf[string, time.Time]
+
+	oidcProvider *oidc.Provider
+	oauth2Config *oauth2.Config
+
+	registrationCache *cache.Cache
+
+	ipAllocationMutex sync.Mutex
+
+	shutdownChan       chan struct{}
+	pollNetMapStreamWG sync.WaitGroup
+}
+
+// Look up the TLS constant relative to user-supplied TLS client
+// authentication mode. If an unknown mode is supplied, the default
+// value, tls.RequireAnyClientCert, is returned. The returned boolean
+// indicates if the supplied mode was valid.
+func LookupTLSClientAuthMode(mode string) (tls.ClientAuthType, bool) {
+	switch mode {
+	case DisabledClientAuth:
+		// Client cert is _not_ required.
+		return tls.NoClientCert, true
+	case RelaxedClientAuth:
+		// Client cert required, but _not verified_.
+		return tls.RequireAnyClientCert, true
+	case EnforcedClientAuth:
+		// Client cert is _required and verified_.
+		return tls.RequireAndVerifyClientCert, true
+	default:
+		// Return the default when an unknown value is supplied.
+		return tls.RequireAnyClientCert, false
+	}
+}
+
+func NewHeadscale(cfg *Config) (*Headscale, error) {
+	privateKey, err := readOrCreatePrivateKey(cfg.PrivateKeyPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read or create private key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// TS2021 requires to have a different key from the legacy protocol.
+	noisePrivateKey, err := readOrCreatePrivateKey(cfg.NoisePrivateKeyPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read or create Noise protocol private key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if privateKey.Equal(*noisePrivateKey) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("private key and noise private key are the same: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var dbString string
+	switch cfg.DBtype {
+	case Postgres:
+		dbString = fmt.Sprintf(
+			"host=%s dbname=%s user=%s",
+			cfg.DBhost,
+			cfg.DBname,
+			cfg.DBuser,
+		)
+
+		if !cfg.DBssl {
+			dbString += " sslmode=disable"
+		}
+
+		if cfg.DBport != 0 {
+			dbString += fmt.Sprintf(" port=%d", cfg.DBport)
+		}
+
+		if cfg.DBpass != "" {
+			dbString += fmt.Sprintf(" password=%s", cfg.DBpass)
+		}
+	case Sqlite:
+		dbString = cfg.DBpath
+	default:
+		return nil, errUnsupportedDatabase
+	}
+
+	registrationCache := cache.New(
+		registerCacheExpiration,
+		registerCacheCleanup,
+	)
+
+	app := Headscale{
+		cfg:                cfg,
+		dbType:             cfg.DBtype,
+		dbString:           dbString,
+		privateKey:         privateKey,
+		noisePrivateKey:    noisePrivateKey,
+		aclRules:           tailcfg.FilterAllowAll, // default allowall
+		registrationCache:  registrationCache,
+		pollNetMapStreamWG: sync.WaitGroup{},
+	}
+
+	err = app.initDB()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if cfg.OIDC.Issuer != "" {
+		err = app.initOIDC()
+		if err != nil {
+			if cfg.OIDC.OnlyStartIfOIDCIsAvailable {
+				return nil, err
+			} else {
+				log.Warn().Err(err).Msg("failed to set up OIDC provider, falling back to CLI based authentication")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if app.cfg.DNSConfig != nil && app.cfg.DNSConfig.Proxied { // if MagicDNS
+		magicDNSDomains := generateMagicDNSRootDomains(app.cfg.IPPrefixes)
+		// we might have routes already from Split DNS
+		if app.cfg.DNSConfig.Routes == nil {
+			app.cfg.DNSConfig.Routes = make(map[string][]*dnstype.Resolver)
+		}
+		for _, d := range magicDNSDomains {
+			app.cfg.DNSConfig.Routes[d.WithoutTrailingDot()] = nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	if cfg.DERP.ServerEnabled {
+		embeddedDERPServer, err := app.NewDERPServer()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		app.DERPServer = embeddedDERPServer
+	}
+
+	return &app, nil
+}
+
+// Redirect to our TLS url.
+func (h *Headscale) redirect(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+	target := h.cfg.ServerURL + req.URL.RequestURI()
+	http.Redirect(w, req, target, http.StatusFound)
+}
+
+// expireEphemeralNodes deletes ephemeral machine records that have not been
+// seen for longer than h.cfg.EphemeralNodeInactivityTimeout.
+func (h *Headscale) expireEphemeralNodes(milliSeconds int64) {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Duration(milliSeconds) * time.Millisecond)
+	for range ticker.C {
+		h.expireEphemeralNodesWorker()
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *Headscale) expireEphemeralNodesWorker() {
+	namespaces, err := h.ListNamespaces()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Error listing namespaces")
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, namespace := range namespaces {
+		machines, err := h.ListMachinesInNamespace(namespace.Name)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Err(err).
+				Str("namespace", namespace.Name).
+				Msg("Error listing machines in namespace")
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		expiredFound := false
+		for _, machine := range machines {
+			if machine.AuthKey != nil && machine.LastSeen != nil &&
+				machine.AuthKey.Ephemeral &&
+				time.Now().
+					After(machine.LastSeen.Add(h.cfg.EphemeralNodeInactivityTimeout)) {
+				expiredFound = true
+				log.Info().
+					Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
+					Msg("Ephemeral client removed from database")
+
+				err = h.db.Unscoped().Delete(machine).Error
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Error().
+						Err(err).
+						Str("machine", machine.Hostname).
+						Msg("🤮 Cannot delete ephemeral machine from the database")
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if expiredFound {
+			h.setLastStateChangeToNow()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *Headscale) grpcAuthenticationInterceptor(ctx context.Context,
+	req interface{},
+	info *grpc.UnaryServerInfo,
+	handler grpc.UnaryHandler,
+) (interface{}, error) {
+	// Check if the request is coming from the on-server client.
+	// This is not secure, but it is to maintain maintainability
+	// with the "legacy" database-based client
+	// It is also neede for grpc-gateway to be able to connect to
+	// the server
+	client, _ := peer.FromContext(ctx)
+
+	log.Trace().
+		Caller().
+		Str("client_address", client.Addr.String()).
+		Msg("Client is trying to authenticate")
+
+	meta, ok := metadata.FromIncomingContext(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Str("client_address", client.Addr.String()).
+			Msg("Retrieving metadata is failed")
+
+		return ctx, status.Errorf(
+			codes.InvalidArgument,
+			"Retrieving metadata is failed",
+		)
+	}
+
+	authHeader, ok := meta["authorization"]
+	if !ok {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Str("client_address", client.Addr.String()).
+			Msg("Authorization token is not supplied")
+
+		return ctx, status.Errorf(
+			codes.Unauthenticated,
+			"Authorization token is not supplied",
+		)
+	}
+
+	token := authHeader[0]
+
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(token, AuthPrefix) {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Str("client_address", client.Addr.String()).
+			Msg(`missing "Bearer " prefix in "Authorization" header`)
+
+		return ctx, status.Error(
+			codes.Unauthenticated,
+			`missing "Bearer " prefix in "Authorization" header`,
+		)
+	}
+
+	valid, err := h.ValidateAPIKey(strings.TrimPrefix(token, AuthPrefix))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Str("client_address", client.Addr.String()).
+			Msg("failed to validate token")
+
+		return ctx, status.Error(codes.Internal, "failed to validate token")
+	}
+
+	if !valid {
+		log.Info().
+			Str("client_address", client.Addr.String()).
+			Msg("invalid token")
+
+		return ctx, status.Error(codes.Unauthenticated, "invalid token")
+	}
+
+	return handler(ctx, req)
+}
+
+func (h *Headscale) httpAuthenticationMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(
+		writer http.ResponseWriter,
+		req *http.Request,
+	) {
+		log.Trace().
+			Caller().
+			Str("client_address", req.RemoteAddr).
+			Msg("HTTP authentication invoked")
+
+		authHeader := req.Header.Get("authorization")
+
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(authHeader, AuthPrefix) {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Str("client_address", req.RemoteAddr).
+				Msg(`missing "Bearer " prefix in "Authorization" header`)
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Unauthorized"))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error().
+					Caller().
+					Err(err).
+					Msg("Failed to write response")
+			}
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		valid, err := h.ValidateAPIKey(strings.TrimPrefix(authHeader, AuthPrefix))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error().
+				Caller().
+				Err(err).
+				Str("client_address", req.RemoteAddr).
+				Msg("failed to validate token")
+
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Unauthorized"))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error().
+					Caller().
+					Err(err).
+					Msg("Failed to write response")
+			}
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		if !valid {
+			log.Info().
+				Str("client_address", req.RemoteAddr).
+				Msg("invalid token")
+
+			writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			_, err := writer.Write([]byte("Unauthorized"))
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error().
+					Caller().
+					Err(err).
+					Msg("Failed to write response")
+			}
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		next.ServeHTTP(writer, req)
+	})
+}
+
+// ensureUnixSocketIsAbsent will check if the given path for headscales unix socket is clear
+// and will remove it if it is not.
+func (h *Headscale) ensureUnixSocketIsAbsent() error {
+	// File does not exist, all fine
+	if _, err := os.Stat(h.cfg.UnixSocket); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return os.Remove(h.cfg.UnixSocket)
+}
+
+func (h *Headscale) createRouter(grpcMux *runtime.ServeMux) *mux.Router {
+	router := mux.NewRouter()
+
+	router.HandleFunc(ts2021UpgradePath, h.NoiseUpgradeHandler).Methods(http.MethodPost)
+
+	router.HandleFunc("/health", h.HealthHandler).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/key", h.KeyHandler).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/register/{nkey}", h.RegisterWebAPI).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	h.addLegacyHandlers(router)
+
+	router.HandleFunc("/oidc/register/{nkey}", h.RegisterOIDC).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/oidc/callback", h.OIDCCallback).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/apple", h.AppleConfigMessage).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/apple/{platform}", h.ApplePlatformConfig).
+		Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/windows", h.WindowsConfigMessage).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/windows/tailscale.reg", h.WindowsRegConfig).
+		Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/swagger", SwaggerUI).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/swagger/v1/openapiv2.json", SwaggerAPIv1).
+		Methods(http.MethodGet)
+
+	if h.cfg.DERP.ServerEnabled {
+		router.HandleFunc("/derp", h.DERPHandler)
+		router.HandleFunc("/derp/probe", h.DERPProbeHandler)
+		router.HandleFunc("/bootstrap-dns", h.DERPBootstrapDNSHandler)
+	}
+
+	apiRouter := router.PathPrefix("/api").Subrouter()
+	apiRouter.Use(h.httpAuthenticationMiddleware)
+	apiRouter.PathPrefix("/v1/").HandlerFunc(grpcMux.ServeHTTP)
+
+	router.PathPrefix("/").HandlerFunc(stdoutHandler)
+
+	return router
+}
+
+func (h *Headscale) createNoiseMux() *mux.Router {
+	router := mux.NewRouter()
+
+	router.HandleFunc("/machine/register", h.NoiseRegistrationHandler).
+		Methods(http.MethodPost)
+	router.HandleFunc("/machine/map", h.NoisePollNetMapHandler)
+
+	return router
+}
+
+// Serve launches a GIN server with the Headscale API.
+func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
+	var err error
+
+	// Fetch an initial DERP Map before we start serving
+	h.DERPMap = GetDERPMap(h.cfg.DERP)
+
+	if h.cfg.DERP.ServerEnabled {
+		// When embedded DERP is enabled we always need a STUN server
+		if h.cfg.DERP.STUNAddr == "" {
+			return errSTUNAddressNotSet
+		}
+
+		h.DERPMap.Regions[h.DERPServer.region.RegionID] = &h.DERPServer.region
+		go h.ServeSTUN()
+	}
+
+	if h.cfg.DERP.AutoUpdate {
+		derpMapCancelChannel := make(chan struct{})
+		defer func() { derpMapCancelChannel <- struct{}{} }()
+		go h.scheduledDERPMapUpdateWorker(derpMapCancelChannel)
+	}
+
+	go h.expireEphemeralNodes(updateInterval)
+
+	if zl.GlobalLevel() == zl.TraceLevel {
+		zerolog.RespLog = true
+	} else {
+		zerolog.RespLog = false
+	}
+
+	// Prepare group for running listeners
+	errorGroup := new(errgroup.Group)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	//
+	//
+	// Set up LOCAL listeners
+	//
+
+	err = h.ensureUnixSocketIsAbsent()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to remove old socket file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	socketListener, err := net.Listen("unix", h.cfg.UnixSocket)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set up gRPC socket: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Change socket permissions
+	if err := os.Chmod(h.cfg.UnixSocket, h.cfg.UnixSocketPermission); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed change permission of gRPC socket: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	grpcGatewayMux := runtime.NewServeMux()
+
+	// Make the grpc-gateway connect to grpc over socket
+	grpcGatewayConn, err := grpc.Dial(
+		h.cfg.UnixSocket,
+		[]grpc.DialOption{
+			grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
+			grpc.WithContextDialer(GrpcSocketDialer),
+		}...,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Connect to the gRPC server over localhost to skip
+	// the authentication.
+	err = v1.RegisterHeadscaleServiceHandler(ctx, grpcGatewayMux, grpcGatewayConn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Start the local gRPC server without TLS and without authentication
+	grpcSocket := grpc.NewServer(zerolog.UnaryInterceptor())
+
+	v1.RegisterHeadscaleServiceServer(grpcSocket, newHeadscaleV1APIServer(h))
+	reflection.Register(grpcSocket)
+
+	errorGroup.Go(func() error { return grpcSocket.Serve(socketListener) })
+
+	//
+	//
+	// Set up REMOTE listeners
+	//
+
+	tlsConfig, err := h.getTLSSettings()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Failed to set up TLS configuration")
+
+		return err
+	}
+
+	//
+	//
+	// gRPC setup
+	//
+
+	// We are sadly not able to run gRPC and HTTPS (2.0) on the same
+	// port because the connection mux does not support matching them
+	// since they are so similar. There is multiple issues open and we
+	// can revisit this if changes:
+	// https://github.com/soheilhy/cmux/issues/68
+	// https://github.com/soheilhy/cmux/issues/91
+
+	var grpcServer *grpc.Server
+	var grpcListener net.Listener
+	if tlsConfig != nil || h.cfg.GRPCAllowInsecure {
+		log.Info().Msgf("Enabling remote gRPC at %s", h.cfg.GRPCAddr)
+
+		grpcOptions := []grpc.ServerOption{
+			grpc.UnaryInterceptor(
+				grpcMiddleware.ChainUnaryServer(
+					h.grpcAuthenticationInterceptor,
+					zerolog.NewUnaryServerInterceptor(),
+				),
+			),
+		}
+
+		if tlsConfig != nil {
+			grpcOptions = append(grpcOptions,
+				grpc.Creds(credentials.NewTLS(tlsConfig)),
+			)
+		} else {
+			log.Warn().Msg("gRPC is running without security")
+		}
+
+		grpcServer = grpc.NewServer(grpcOptions...)
+
+		v1.RegisterHeadscaleServiceServer(grpcServer, newHeadscaleV1APIServer(h))
+		reflection.Register(grpcServer)
+
+		grpcListener, err = net.Listen("tcp", h.cfg.GRPCAddr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to bind to TCP address: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		errorGroup.Go(func() error { return grpcServer.Serve(grpcListener) })
+
+		log.Info().
+			Msgf("listening and serving gRPC on: %s", h.cfg.GRPCAddr)
+	}
+
+	//
+	//
+	// HTTP setup
+	//
+	// This is the regular router that we expose
+	// over our main Addr. It also serves the legacy Tailcale API
+	router := h.createRouter(grpcGatewayMux)
+
+	// This router is served only over the Noise connection, and exposes only the new API.
+	//
+	// The HTTP2 server that exposes this router is created for
+	// a single hijacked connection from /ts2021, using netutil.NewOneConnListener
+	h.noiseMux = h.createNoiseMux()
+
+	httpServer := &http.Server{
+		Addr:        h.cfg.Addr,
+		Handler:     router,
+		ReadTimeout: HTTPReadTimeout,
+		// Go does not handle timeouts in HTTP very well, and there is
+		// no good way to handle streaming timeouts, therefore we need to
+		// keep this at unlimited and be careful to clean up connections
+		// https://blog.cloudflare.com/the-complete-guide-to-golang-net-http-timeouts/#aboutstreaming
+		WriteTimeout: 0,
+	}
+
+	var httpListener net.Listener
+	if tlsConfig != nil {
+		httpServer.TLSConfig = tlsConfig
+		httpListener, err = tls.Listen("tcp", h.cfg.Addr, tlsConfig)
+	} else {
+		httpListener, err = net.Listen("tcp", h.cfg.Addr)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bind to TCP address: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	errorGroup.Go(func() error { return httpServer.Serve(httpListener) })
+
+	log.Info().
+		Msgf("listening and serving HTTP on: %s", h.cfg.Addr)
+
+	promMux := http.NewServeMux()
+	promMux.Handle("/metrics", promhttp.Handler())
+
+	promHTTPServer := &http.Server{
+		Addr:         h.cfg.MetricsAddr,
+		Handler:      promMux,
+		ReadTimeout:  HTTPReadTimeout,
+		WriteTimeout: 0,
+	}
+
+	var promHTTPListener net.Listener
+	promHTTPListener, err = net.Listen("tcp", h.cfg.MetricsAddr)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bind to TCP address: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	errorGroup.Go(func() error { return promHTTPServer.Serve(promHTTPListener) })
+
+	log.Info().
+		Msgf("listening and serving metrics on: %s", h.cfg.MetricsAddr)
+
+	// Handle common process-killing signals so we can gracefully shut down:
+	h.shutdownChan = make(chan struct{})
+	sigc := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+	signal.Notify(sigc,
+		syscall.SIGHUP,
+		syscall.SIGINT,
+		syscall.SIGTERM,
+		syscall.SIGQUIT,
+		syscall.SIGHUP)
+	sigFunc := func(c chan os.Signal) {
+		// Wait for a SIGINT or SIGKILL:
+		for {
+			sig := <-c
+			switch sig {
+			case syscall.SIGHUP:
+				log.Info().
+					Str("signal", sig.String()).
+					Msg("Received SIGHUP, reloading ACL and Config")
+
+				// TODO(kradalby): Reload config on SIGHUP
+
+				if h.cfg.ACL.PolicyPath != "" {
+					aclPath := AbsolutePathFromConfigPath(h.cfg.ACL.PolicyPath)
+					err := h.LoadACLPolicy(aclPath)
+					if err != nil {
+						log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Failed to reload ACL policy")
+					}
+					log.Info().
+						Str("path", aclPath).
+						Msg("ACL policy successfully reloaded, notifying nodes of change")
+
+					h.setLastStateChangeToNow()
+				}
+
+			default:
+				log.Info().
+					Str("signal", sig.String()).
+					Msg("Received signal to stop, shutting down gracefully")
+
+				close(h.shutdownChan)
+				h.pollNetMapStreamWG.Wait()
+
+				// Gracefully shut down servers
+				ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(
+					context.Background(),
+					HTTPShutdownTimeout,
+				)
+				if err := promHTTPServer.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
+					log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Failed to shutdown prometheus http")
+				}
+				if err := httpServer.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
+					log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Failed to shutdown http")
+				}
+				grpcSocket.GracefulStop()
+
+				if grpcServer != nil {
+					grpcServer.GracefulStop()
+					grpcListener.Close()
+				}
+
+				// Close network listeners
+				promHTTPListener.Close()
+				httpListener.Close()
+				grpcGatewayConn.Close()
+
+				// Stop listening (and unlink the socket if unix type):
+				socketListener.Close()
+
+				// Close db connections
+				db, err := h.db.DB()
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Failed to get db handle")
+				}
+				err = db.Close()
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Failed to close db")
+				}
+
+				log.Info().
+					Msg("Headscale stopped")
+
+				// And we're done:
+				cancel()
+				os.Exit(0)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	errorGroup.Go(func() error {
+		sigFunc(sigc)
+
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	return errorGroup.Wait()
+}
+
+func (h *Headscale) getTLSSettings() (*tls.Config, error) {
+	var err error
+	if h.cfg.TLS.LetsEncrypt.Hostname != "" {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(h.cfg.ServerURL, "https://") {
+			log.Warn().
+				Msg("Listening with TLS but ServerURL does not start with https://")
+		}
+
+		certManager := autocert.Manager{
+			Prompt:     autocert.AcceptTOS,
+			HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist(h.cfg.TLS.LetsEncrypt.Hostname),
+			Cache:      autocert.DirCache(h.cfg.TLS.LetsEncrypt.CacheDir),
+			Client: &acme.Client{
+				DirectoryURL: h.cfg.ACMEURL,
+			},
+			Email: h.cfg.ACMEEmail,
+		}
+
+		switch h.cfg.TLS.LetsEncrypt.ChallengeType {
+		case tlsALPN01ChallengeType:
+			// Configuration via autocert with TLS-ALPN-01 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8737)
+			// The RFC requires that the validation is done on port 443; in other words, headscale
+			// must be reachable on port 443.
+			return certManager.TLSConfig(), nil
+
+		case http01ChallengeType:
+			// Configuration via autocert with HTTP-01. This requires listening on
+			// port 80 for the certificate validation in addition to the headscale
+			// service, which can be configured to run on any other port.
+
+			server := &http.Server{
+				Addr:        h.cfg.TLS.LetsEncrypt.Listen,
+				Handler:     certManager.HTTPHandler(http.HandlerFunc(h.redirect)),
+				ReadTimeout: HTTPReadTimeout,
+			}
+
+			go func() {
+				err := server.ListenAndServe()
+				log.Fatal().
+					Caller().
+					Err(err).
+					Msg("failed to set up a HTTP server")
+			}()
+
+			return certManager.TLSConfig(), nil
+
+		default:
+			return nil, errUnsupportedLetsEncryptChallengeType
+		}
+	} else if h.cfg.TLS.CertPath == "" {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(h.cfg.ServerURL, "http://") {
+			log.Warn().Msg("Listening without TLS but ServerURL does not start with http://")
+		}
+
+		return nil, err
+	} else {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(h.cfg.ServerURL, "https://") {
+			log.Warn().Msg("Listening with TLS but ServerURL does not start with https://")
+		}
+
+		log.Info().Msg(fmt.Sprintf(
+			"Client authentication (mTLS) is \"%s\". See the docs to learn about configuring this setting.",
+			h.cfg.TLS.ClientAuthMode))
+
+		tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
+			ClientAuth:   h.cfg.TLS.ClientAuthMode,
+			NextProtos:   []string{"http/1.1"},
+			Certificates: make([]tls.Certificate, 1),
+			MinVersion:   tls.VersionTLS12,
+		}
+
+		tlsConfig.Certificates[0], err = tls.LoadX509KeyPair(h.cfg.TLS.CertPath, h.cfg.TLS.KeyPath)
+
+		return tlsConfig, err
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *Headscale) setLastStateChangeToNow() {
+	var err error
+
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+
+	namespaces, err := h.ListNamespaces()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error().
+			Caller().
+			Err(err).
+			Msg("failed to fetch all namespaces, failing to update last changed state.")
+	}
+
+	for _, namespace := range namespaces {
+		lastStateUpdate.WithLabelValues(namespace.Name, "headscale").Set(float64(now.Unix()))
+		if h.lastStateChange == nil {
+			h.lastStateChange = xsync.NewMapOf[time.Time]()
+		}
+		h.lastStateChange.Store(namespace.Name, now)
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *Headscale) getLastStateChange(namespaces ...Namespace) time.Time {
+	times := []time.Time{}
+
+	// getLastStateChange takes a list of namespaces as a "filter", if no namespaces
+	// are past, then use the entier list of namespaces and look for the last update
+	if len(namespaces) > 0 {
+		for _, namespace := range namespaces {
+			if lastChange, ok := h.lastStateChange.Load(namespace.Name); ok {
+				times = append(times, lastChange)
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		h.lastStateChange.Range(func(key string, value time.Time) bool {
+			times = append(times, value)
+
+			return true
+		})
+	}
+
+	sort.Slice(times, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return times[i].After(times[j])
+	})
+
+	log.Trace().Msgf("Latest times %#v", times)
+
+	if len(times) == 0 {
+		return time.Now().UTC()
+	} else {
+		return times[0]
+	}
+}
+
+func stdoutHandler(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	req *http.Request,
+) {
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
+
+	log.Trace().
+		Interface("header", req.Header).
+		Interface("proto", req.Proto).
+		Interface("url", req.URL).
+		Bytes("body", body).
+		Msg("Request did not match")
+}
+
+func readOrCreatePrivateKey(path string) (*key.MachinePrivate, error) {
+	privateKey, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		log.Info().Str("path", path).Msg("No private key file at path, creating...")
+
+		machineKey := key.NewMachine()
+
+		machineKeyStr, err := machineKey.MarshalText()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+				"failed to convert private key to string for saving: %w",
+				err,
+			)
+		}
+		err = os.WriteFile(path, machineKeyStr, privateKeyFileMode)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+				"failed to save private key to disk: %w",
+				err,
+			)
+		}
+
+		return &machineKey, nil
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read private key file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	trimmedPrivateKey := strings.TrimSpace(string(privateKey))
+	privateKeyEnsurePrefix := PrivateKeyEnsurePrefix(trimmedPrivateKey)
+
+	var machineKey key.MachinePrivate
+	if err = machineKey.UnmarshalText([]byte(privateKeyEnsurePrefix)); err != nil {
+		log.Info().
+			Str("path", path).
+			Msg("This might be due to a legacy (headscale pre-0.12) private key. " +
+				"If the key is in WireGuard format, delete the key and restart headscale. " +
+				"A new key will automatically be generated. All Tailscale clients will have to be restarted")
+
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse private key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &machineKey, nil
+}

app_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package headscale
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"gopkg.in/check.v1"
+)
+
+func Test(t *testing.T) {
+	check.TestingT(t)
+}
+
+var _ = check.Suite(&Suite{})
+
+type Suite struct{}
+
+var (
+	tmpDir string
+	app    Headscale
+)
+
+func (s *Suite) SetUpTest(c *check.C) {
+	s.ResetDB(c)
+}
+
+func (s *Suite) TearDownTest(c *check.C) {
+	os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+}
+
+func (s *Suite) ResetDB(c *check.C) {
+	if len(tmpDir) != 0 {
+		os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	}
+	var err error
+	tmpDir, err = os.MkdirTemp("", "autoygg-client-test")
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cfg := Config{
+		IPPrefixes: []netip.Prefix{
+			netip.MustParsePrefix("10.27.0.0/23"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	app = Headscale{
+		cfg:      &cfg,
+		dbType:   "sqlite3",
+		dbString: tmpDir + "/headscale_test.db",
+	}
+	err = app.initDB()
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	db, err := app.openDB()
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	app.db = db
+}
+
+// Enusre an error is returned when an invalid auth mode
+// is supplied.
+func (s *Suite) TestInvalidClientAuthMode(c *check.C) {
+	_, isValid := LookupTLSClientAuthMode("invalid")
+	c.Assert(isValid, check.Equals, false)
+}
+
+// Ensure that all client auth modes return a nil error.
+func (s *Suite) TestAuthModes(c *check.C) {
+	modes := []string{"disabled", "relaxed", "enforced"}
+
+	for _, v := range modes {
+		_, isValid := LookupTLSClientAuthMode(v)
+		c.Assert(isValid, check.Equals, true)
+	}
+}

cmd/headscale/cli/api_key.go

@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
+	"time"
 
+	"github.com/juanfont/headscale"
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 )
 
 const (
-	// DefaultAPIKeyExpiry is 90 days.
+	// 90 days.
 	DefaultAPIKeyExpiry = "90d"
 )
 
@@ -26,12 +29,11 @@ func init() {
 	apiKeysCmd.AddCommand(createAPIKeyCmd)
 
 	expireAPIKeyCmd.Flags().StringP("prefix", "p", "", "ApiKey prefix")
-	expireAPIKeyCmd.Flags().Uint64P("id", "i", 0, "ApiKey ID")
+	err := expireAPIKeyCmd.MarkFlagRequired("prefix")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("")
+	}
 	apiKeysCmd.AddCommand(expireAPIKeyCmd)
-
-	deleteAPIKeyCmd.Flags().StringP("prefix", "p", "", "ApiKey prefix")
-	deleteAPIKeyCmd.Flags().Uint64P("id", "i", 0, "ApiKey ID")
-	apiKeysCmd.AddCommand(deleteAPIKeyCmd)
 }
 
 var apiKeysCmd = &cobra.Command{
@@ -44,35 +46,61 @@ var listAPIKeys = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "list",
 	Short:   "List the Api keys for headscale",
 	Aliases: []string{"ls", "show"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		response, err := client.ListApiKeys(ctx, &v1.ListApiKeysRequest{})
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		request := &v1.ListApiKeysRequest{}
+
+		response, err := client.ListApiKeys(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("listing api keys: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting the list of keys: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		return printListOutput(cmd, response.GetApiKeys(), func() error {
-			tableData := pterm.TableData{
-				{"ID", "Prefix", "Expiration", "Created"},
+		if output != "" {
+			SuccessOutput(response.ApiKeys, "", output)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		tableData := pterm.TableData{
+			{"ID", "Prefix", "Expiration", "Created"},
+		}
+		for _, key := range response.ApiKeys {
+			expiration := "-"
+
+			if key.GetExpiration() != nil {
+				expiration = ColourTime(key.Expiration.AsTime())
 			}
 
-			for _, key := range response.GetApiKeys() {
-				expiration := "-"
+			tableData = append(tableData, []string{
+				strconv.FormatUint(key.GetId(), headscale.Base10),
+				key.GetPrefix(),
+				expiration,
+				key.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat),
+			})
 
-				if key.GetExpiration() != nil {
-					expiration = ColourTime(key.GetExpiration().AsTime())
-				}
+		}
+		err = pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
 
-				tableData = append(tableData, []string{
-					strconv.FormatUint(key.GetId(), util.Base10),
-					key.GetPrefix(),
-					expiration,
-					key.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat),
-				})
-			}
-
-			return pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
-		})
-	}),
+			return
+		}
+	},
 }
 
 var createAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
@@ -83,79 +111,91 @@ Creates a new Api key, the Api key is only visible on creation
 and cannot be retrieved again.
 If you loose a key, create a new one and revoke (expire) the old one.`,
 	Aliases: []string{"c", "new"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		expiration, err := expirationFromFlag(cmd)
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		log.Trace().
+			Msg("Preparing to create ApiKey")
+
+		request := &v1.CreateApiKeyRequest{}
+
+		durationStr, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("expiration")
+
+		duration, err := model.ParseDuration(durationStr)
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Could not parse duration: %s\n", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		response, err := client.CreateApiKey(ctx, &v1.CreateApiKeyRequest{
-			Expiration: expiration,
-		})
+		expiration := time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Duration(duration))
+
+		log.Trace().
+			Dur("expiration", time.Duration(duration)).
+			Msg("expiration has been set")
+
+		request.Expiration = timestamppb.New(expiration)
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		response, err := client.CreateApiKey(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("creating api key: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot create Api Key: %s\n", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetApiKey(), response.GetApiKey())
-	}),
-}
-
-// apiKeyIDOrPrefix reads --id and --prefix from cmd and validates that
-// exactly one is provided.
-func apiKeyIDOrPrefix(cmd *cobra.Command) (uint64, string, error) {
-	id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("id")
-	prefix, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("prefix")
-
-	switch {
-	case id == 0 && prefix == "":
-		return 0, "", fmt.Errorf("either --id or --prefix must be provided: %w", errMissingParameter)
-	case id != 0 && prefix != "":
-		return 0, "", fmt.Errorf("only one of --id or --prefix can be provided: %w", errMissingParameter)
-	}
-
-	return id, prefix, nil
+		SuccessOutput(response.ApiKey, response.ApiKey, output)
+	},
 }
 
 var expireAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "expire",
 	Short:   "Expire an ApiKey",
 	Aliases: []string{"revoke", "exp", "e"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		id, prefix, err := apiKeyIDOrPrefix(cmd)
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		prefix, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("prefix")
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting prefix from CLI flag: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		response, err := client.ExpireApiKey(ctx, &v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest{
-			Id:     id,
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		request := &v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest{
 			Prefix: prefix,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("expiring api key: %w", err)
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Key expired")
-	}),
-}
-
-var deleteAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "delete",
-	Short:   "Delete an ApiKey",
-	Aliases: []string{"remove", "del"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		id, prefix, err := apiKeyIDOrPrefix(cmd)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		response, err := client.DeleteApiKey(ctx, &v1.DeleteApiKeyRequest{
-			Id:     id,
-			Prefix: prefix,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("deleting api key: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Key deleted")
-	}),
+		response, err := client.ExpireApiKey(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot expire Api Key: %s\n", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		SuccessOutput(response, "Key expired", output)
+	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/auth.go

@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-
-	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(authCmd)
-
-	authRegisterCmd.Flags().StringP("user", "u", "", "User")
-	authRegisterCmd.Flags().String("auth-id", "", "Auth ID")
-	mustMarkRequired(authRegisterCmd, "user", "auth-id")
-	authCmd.AddCommand(authRegisterCmd)
-
-	authApproveCmd.Flags().String("auth-id", "", "Auth ID")
-	mustMarkRequired(authApproveCmd, "auth-id")
-	authCmd.AddCommand(authApproveCmd)
-
-	authRejectCmd.Flags().String("auth-id", "", "Auth ID")
-	mustMarkRequired(authRejectCmd, "auth-id")
-	authCmd.AddCommand(authRejectCmd)
-}
-
-var authCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "auth",
-	Short: "Manage node authentication and approval",
-}
-
-var authRegisterCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "register",
-	Short: "Register a node to your network",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
-		authID, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("auth-id")
-
-		request := &v1.AuthRegisterRequest{
-			AuthId: authID,
-			User:   user,
-		}
-
-		response, err := client.AuthRegister(ctx, request)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("registering node: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(
-			cmd,
-			response.GetNode(),
-			fmt.Sprintf("Node %s registered", response.GetNode().GetGivenName()))
-	}),
-}
-
-var authApproveCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "approve",
-	Short: "Approve a pending authentication request",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		authID, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("auth-id")
-
-		request := &v1.AuthApproveRequest{
-			AuthId: authID,
-		}
-
-		response, err := client.AuthApprove(ctx, request)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("approving auth request: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Auth request approved")
-	}),
-}
-
-var authRejectCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "reject",
-	Short: "Reject a pending authentication request",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		authID, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("auth-id")
-
-		request := &v1.AuthRejectRequest{
-			AuthId: authID,
-		}
-
-		response, err := client.AuthReject(ctx, request)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("rejecting auth request: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Auth request rejected")
-	}),
-}

cmd/headscale/cli/configtest.go

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(configTestCmd)
-}
-
-var configTestCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "configtest",
-	Short: "Test the configuration.",
-	Long:  "Run a test of the configuration and exit.",
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		_, err := newHeadscaleServerWithConfig()
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("configuration error: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	},
-}

cmd/headscale/cli/debug.go

@@ -1,22 +1,42 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/juanfont/headscale"
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 )
 
+const (
+	errPreAuthKeyMalformed = Error("key is malformed. expected 64 hex characters with `nodekey` prefix")
+)
+
+// Error is used to compare errors as per https://dave.cheney.net/2016/04/07/constant-errors
+type Error string
+
+func (e Error) Error() string { return string(e) }
+
 func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(debugCmd)
 
 	createNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("name", "", "", "Name")
-	createNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("user", "u", "", "User")
+	err := createNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("name")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("")
+	}
+	createNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("namespace", "n", "", "Namespace")
+	err = createNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("namespace")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("")
+	}
 	createNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("key", "k", "", "Key")
-	mustMarkRequired(createNodeCmd, "name", "user", "key")
-
+	err = createNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("key")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("")
+	}
 	createNodeCmd.Flags().
 		StringSliceP("route", "r", []string{}, "List (or repeated flags) of routes to advertise")
 
@@ -31,31 +51,82 @@ var debugCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 var createNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "create-node",
-	Short: "Create a node that can be registered with `auth register <>` command",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
-		name, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("name")
-		registrationID, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("key")
+	Short: "Create a node (machine) that can be registered with `nodes register <>` command",
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
-		_, err := types.AuthIDFromString(registrationID)
+		namespace, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("namespace")
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("parsing machine key: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting namespace: %s", err), output)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		routes, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("route")
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
 
-		request := &v1.DebugCreateNodeRequest{
-			Key:    registrationID,
-			Name:   name,
-			User:   user,
-			Routes: routes,
-		}
-
-		response, err := client.DebugCreateNode(ctx, request)
+		name, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("name")
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("creating node: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting node from flag: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetNode(), "Node created")
-	}),
+		machineKey, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("key")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting key from flag: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+		if !headscale.NodePublicKeyRegex.Match([]byte(machineKey)) {
+			err = errPreAuthKeyMalformed
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		routes, err := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("route")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting routes from flag: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		request := &v1.DebugCreateMachineRequest{
+			Key:       machineKey,
+			Name:      name,
+			Namespace: namespace,
+			Routes:    routes,
+		}
+
+		response, err := client.DebugCreateMachine(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot create machine: %s", status.Convert(err).Message()),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		SuccessOutput(response.Machine, "Machine created", output)
+	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/dump_config.go

@@ -15,12 +15,14 @@ var dumpConfigCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:    "dumpConfig",
 	Short:  "dump current config to /etc/headscale/config.dump.yaml, integration test only",
 	Hidden: true,
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		err := viper.WriteConfigAs("/etc/headscale/config.dump.yaml")
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("dumping config: %w", err)
-		}
-
+	Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return nil
 	},
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		err := viper.WriteConfigAs("/etc/headscale/config.dump.yaml")
+		if err != nil {
+			//nolint
+			fmt.Println("Failed to dump config")
+		}
+	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/generate.go

@@ -21,17 +21,22 @@ var generateCmd = &cobra.Command{
 var generatePrivateKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "private-key",
 	Short: "Generate a private key for the headscale server",
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 		machineKey := key.NewMachine()
 
 		machineKeyStr, err := machineKey.MarshalText()
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("marshalling machine key: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting machine key from flag: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, map[string]string{
+		SuccessOutput(map[string]string{
 			"private_key": string(machineKeyStr),
 		},
-			string(machineKeyStr))
+			string(machineKeyStr), output)
 	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/health.go

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-
-	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(healthCmd)
-}
-
-var healthCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "health",
-	Short: "Check the health of the Headscale server",
-	Long:  "Check the health of the Headscale server. This command will return an exit code of 0 if the server is healthy, or 1 if it is not.",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		response, err := client.Health(ctx, &v1.HealthRequest{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("checking health: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "")
-	}),
-}

cmd/headscale/cli/mockoidc.go

@@ -1,36 +1,25 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util/zlog/zf"
 	"github.com/oauth2-proxy/mockoidc"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-// Error is used to compare errors as per https://dave.cheney.net/2016/04/07/constant-errors
-type Error string
-
-func (e Error) Error() string { return string(e) }
-
 const (
 	errMockOidcClientIDNotDefined     = Error("MOCKOIDC_CLIENT_ID not defined")
 	errMockOidcClientSecretNotDefined = Error("MOCKOIDC_CLIENT_SECRET not defined")
 	errMockOidcPortNotDefined         = Error("MOCKOIDC_PORT not defined")
-	errMockOidcUsersNotDefined        = Error("MOCKOIDC_USERS not defined")
+	accessTTL                         = 10 * time.Minute
 	refreshTTL                        = 60 * time.Minute
 )
 
-var accessTTL = 2 * time.Minute
-
 func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(mockOidcCmd)
 }
@@ -39,13 +28,12 @@ var mockOidcCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "mockoidc",
 	Short: "Runs a mock OIDC server for testing",
 	Long:  "This internal command runs a OpenID Connect for testing purposes",
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		err := mockOIDC()
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("running mock OIDC server: %w", err)
+			log.Error().Err(err).Msgf("Error running mock OIDC server")
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
-
-		return nil
 	},
 }
 
@@ -54,59 +42,30 @@ func mockOIDC() error {
 	if clientID == "" {
 		return errMockOidcClientIDNotDefined
 	}
-
 	clientSecret := os.Getenv("MOCKOIDC_CLIENT_SECRET")
 	if clientSecret == "" {
 		return errMockOidcClientSecretNotDefined
 	}
-
 	addrStr := os.Getenv("MOCKOIDC_ADDR")
 	if addrStr == "" {
 		return errMockOidcPortNotDefined
 	}
-
 	portStr := os.Getenv("MOCKOIDC_PORT")
 	if portStr == "" {
 		return errMockOidcPortNotDefined
 	}
 
-	accessTTLOverride := os.Getenv("MOCKOIDC_ACCESS_TTL")
-	if accessTTLOverride != "" {
-		newTTL, err := time.ParseDuration(accessTTLOverride)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		accessTTL = newTTL
-	}
-
-	userStr := os.Getenv("MOCKOIDC_USERS")
-	if userStr == "" {
-		return errMockOidcUsersNotDefined
-	}
-
-	var users []mockoidc.MockUser
-
-	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(userStr), &users)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unmarshalling users: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Info().Interface(zf.Users, users).Msg("loading users from JSON")
-
-	log.Info().Msgf("access token TTL: %s", accessTTL)
-
 	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	mock, err := getMockOIDC(clientID, clientSecret, users)
+	mock, err := getMockOIDC(clientID, clientSecret)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	listener, err := new(net.ListenConfig).Listen(context.Background(), "tcp", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", addrStr, port))
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", addrStr, port))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -115,28 +74,20 @@ func mockOIDC() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	log.Info().Msgf("mock OIDC server listening on %s", listener.Addr().String())
-	log.Info().Msgf("issuer: %s", mock.Issuer())
-
+	log.Info().Msgf("Mock OIDC server listening on %s", listener.Addr().String())
+	log.Info().Msgf("Issuer: %s", mock.Issuer())
 	c := make(chan struct{})
 	<-c
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func getMockOIDC(clientID string, clientSecret string, users []mockoidc.MockUser) (*mockoidc.MockOIDC, error) {
+func getMockOIDC(clientID string, clientSecret string) (*mockoidc.MockOIDC, error) {
 	keypair, err := mockoidc.NewKeypair(nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	userQueue := mockoidc.UserQueue{}
-
-	for _, user := range users {
-		userQueue.Push(&user)
-	}
-
 	mock := mockoidc.MockOIDC{
 		ClientID:                      clientID,
 		ClientSecret:                  clientSecret,
@@ -145,20 +96,9 @@ func getMockOIDC(clientID string, clientSecret string, users []mockoidc.MockUser
 		CodeChallengeMethodsSupported: []string{"plain", "S256"},
 		Keypair:                       keypair,
 		SessionStore:                  mockoidc.NewSessionStore(),
-		UserQueue:                     &userQueue,
+		UserQueue:                     &mockoidc.UserQueue{},
 		ErrorQueue:                    &mockoidc.ErrorQueue{},
 	}
 
-	_ = mock.AddMiddleware(func(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
-		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			log.Info().Msgf("request: %+v", r)
-			h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
-
-			if r.Response != nil {
-				log.Info().Msgf("response: %+v", r.Response)
-			}
-		})
-	})
-
 	return &mock, nil
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/namespaces.go

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	survey "github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	"github.com/juanfont/headscale"
+	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
+	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(namespaceCmd)
+	namespaceCmd.AddCommand(createNamespaceCmd)
+	namespaceCmd.AddCommand(listNamespacesCmd)
+	namespaceCmd.AddCommand(destroyNamespaceCmd)
+	namespaceCmd.AddCommand(renameNamespaceCmd)
+}
+
+const (
+	errMissingParameter = headscale.Error("missing parameters")
+)
+
+var namespaceCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "namespaces",
+	Short:   "Manage the namespaces of Headscale",
+	Aliases: []string{"namespace", "ns", "user", "users"},
+}
+
+var createNamespaceCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "create NAME",
+	Short:   "Creates a new namespace",
+	Aliases: []string{"c", "new"},
+	Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		if len(args) < 1 {
+			return errMissingParameter
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		namespaceName := args[0]
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		log.Trace().Interface("client", client).Msg("Obtained gRPC client")
+
+		request := &v1.CreateNamespaceRequest{Name: namespaceName}
+
+		log.Trace().Interface("request", request).Msg("Sending CreateNamespace request")
+		response, err := client.CreateNamespace(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf(
+					"Cannot create namespace: %s",
+					status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		SuccessOutput(response.Namespace, "Namespace created", output)
+	},
+}
+
+var destroyNamespaceCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "destroy NAME",
+	Short:   "Destroys a namespace",
+	Aliases: []string{"delete"},
+	Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		if len(args) < 1 {
+			return errMissingParameter
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		namespaceName := args[0]
+
+		request := &v1.GetNamespaceRequest{
+			Name: namespaceName,
+		}
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		_, err := client.GetNamespace(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error: %s", status.Convert(err).Message()),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		confirm := false
+		force, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
+		if !force {
+			prompt := &survey.Confirm{
+				Message: fmt.Sprintf(
+					"Do you want to remove the namespace '%s' and any associated preauthkeys?",
+					namespaceName,
+				),
+			}
+			err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &confirm)
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		if confirm || force {
+			request := &v1.DeleteNamespaceRequest{Name: namespaceName}
+
+			response, err := client.DeleteNamespace(ctx, request)
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(
+					err,
+					fmt.Sprintf(
+						"Cannot destroy namespace: %s",
+						status.Convert(err).Message(),
+					),
+					output,
+				)
+
+				return
+			}
+			SuccessOutput(response, "Namespace destroyed", output)
+		} else {
+			SuccessOutput(map[string]string{"Result": "Namespace not destroyed"}, "Namespace not destroyed", output)
+		}
+	},
+}
+
+var listNamespacesCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "list",
+	Short:   "List all the namespaces",
+	Aliases: []string{"ls", "show"},
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		request := &v1.ListNamespacesRequest{}
+
+		response, err := client.ListNamespaces(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot get namespaces: %s", status.Convert(err).Message()),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		if output != "" {
+			SuccessOutput(response.Namespaces, "", output)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		tableData := pterm.TableData{{"ID", "Name", "Created"}}
+		for _, namespace := range response.GetNamespaces() {
+			tableData = append(
+				tableData,
+				[]string{
+					namespace.GetId(),
+					namespace.GetName(),
+					namespace.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"),
+				},
+			)
+		}
+		err = pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+	},
+}
+
+var renameNamespaceCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "rename OLD_NAME NEW_NAME",
+	Short:   "Renames a namespace",
+	Aliases: []string{"mv"},
+	Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		expectedArguments := 2
+		if len(args) < expectedArguments {
+			return errMissingParameter
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		request := &v1.RenameNamespaceRequest{
+			OldName: args[0],
+			NewName: args[1],
+		}
+
+		response, err := client.RenameNamespace(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf(
+					"Cannot rename namespace: %s",
+					status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		SuccessOutput(response.Namespace, "Namespace renamed", output)
+	},
+}

cmd/headscale/cli/nodes.go

@@ -1,430 +1,584 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"log"
 	"net/netip"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	survey "github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	"github.com/juanfont/headscale"
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
 	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
-	"github.com/samber/lo"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 	"tailscale.com/types/key"
 )
 
 func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(nodeCmd)
-	listNodesCmd.Flags().StringP("user", "u", "", "Filter by user")
+	listNodesCmd.Flags().StringP("namespace", "n", "", "Filter by namespace")
+	listNodesCmd.Flags().BoolP("tags", "t", false, "Show tags")
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(listNodesCmd)
 
-	listNodeRoutesCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
-	nodeCmd.AddCommand(listNodeRoutesCmd)
-
-	registerNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("user", "u", "", "User")
+	registerNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("namespace", "n", "", "Namespace")
+	err := registerNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("namespace")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
 	registerNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("key", "k", "", "Key")
-	mustMarkRequired(registerNodeCmd, "user", "key")
+	err = registerNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("key")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(registerNodeCmd)
 
 	expireNodeCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
-	expireNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("expiry", "e", "", "Set expire to (RFC3339 format, e.g. 2025-08-27T10:00:00Z), or leave empty to expire immediately.")
-	expireNodeCmd.Flags().BoolP("disable", "d", false, "Disable key expiry (node will never expire)")
-	mustMarkRequired(expireNodeCmd, "identifier")
+	err = expireNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("identifier")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(expireNodeCmd)
 
 	renameNodeCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
-	mustMarkRequired(renameNodeCmd, "identifier")
+	err = renameNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("identifier")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(renameNodeCmd)
 
 	deleteNodeCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
-	mustMarkRequired(deleteNodeCmd, "identifier")
+	err = deleteNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("identifier")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(deleteNodeCmd)
 
+	moveNodeCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
+
+	err = moveNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("identifier")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	moveNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("namespace", "n", "", "New namespace")
+
+	err = moveNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("namespace")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
+	nodeCmd.AddCommand(moveNodeCmd)
+
 	tagCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
-	mustMarkRequired(tagCmd, "identifier")
-	tagCmd.Flags().StringSliceP("tags", "t", []string{}, "List of tags to add to the node")
+
+	err = tagCmd.MarkFlagRequired("identifier")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
+	tagCmd.Flags().
+		StringSliceP("tags", "t", []string{}, "List of tags to add to the node")
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(tagCmd)
-
-	approveRoutesCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
-	mustMarkRequired(approveRoutesCmd, "identifier")
-	approveRoutesCmd.Flags().StringSliceP("routes", "r", []string{}, `List of routes that will be approved (comma-separated, e.g. "10.0.0.0/8,192.168.0.0/24" or empty string to remove all approved routes)`)
-	nodeCmd.AddCommand(approveRoutesCmd)
-
-	nodeCmd.AddCommand(backfillNodeIPsCmd)
 }
 
 var nodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "nodes",
 	Short:   "Manage the nodes of Headscale",
-	Aliases: []string{"node"},
+	Aliases: []string{"node", "machine", "machines"},
 }
 
 var registerNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:        "register",
-	Short:      "Registers a node to your network",
-	Deprecated: "use 'headscale auth register --auth-id <id> --user <user>' instead",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
-		registrationID, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("key")
-
-		request := &v1.RegisterNodeRequest{
-			Key:  registrationID,
-			User: user,
-		}
-
-		response, err := client.RegisterNode(ctx, request)
+	Use:   "register",
+	Short: "Registers a machine to your network",
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+		namespace, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("namespace")
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("registering node: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting namespace: %s", err), output)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(
-			cmd,
-			response.GetNode(),
-			fmt.Sprintf("Node %s registered", response.GetNode().GetGivenName()))
-	}),
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		machineKey, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("key")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting node key from flag: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		request := &v1.RegisterMachineRequest{
+			Key:       machineKey,
+			Namespace: namespace,
+		}
+
+		response, err := client.RegisterMachine(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf(
+					"Cannot register machine: %s\n",
+					status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		SuccessOutput(response.Machine, fmt.Sprintf("Machine %s registered", response.Machine.GivenName), output)
+	},
 }
 
 var listNodesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "list",
 	Short:   "List nodes",
 	Aliases: []string{"ls", "show"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
-
-		response, err := client.ListNodes(ctx, &v1.ListNodesRequest{User: user})
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+		namespace, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("namespace")
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("listing nodes: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting namespace: %s", err), output)
+
+			return
 		}
-
-		return printListOutput(cmd, response.GetNodes(), func() error {
-			tableData, err := nodesToPtables(user, response.GetNodes())
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("converting to table: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			return pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
-		})
-	}),
-}
-
-var listNodeRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "list-routes",
-	Short:   "List routes available on nodes",
-	Aliases: []string{"lsr", "routes"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
-
-		response, err := client.ListNodes(ctx, &v1.ListNodesRequest{})
+		showTags, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("tags")
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("listing nodes: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting tags flag: %s", err), output)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		nodes := response.GetNodes()
-		if identifier != 0 {
-			for _, node := range response.GetNodes() {
-				if node.GetId() == identifier {
-					nodes = []*v1.Node{node}
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
 
-					break
-				}
-			}
+		request := &v1.ListMachinesRequest{
+			Namespace: namespace,
 		}
 
-		nodes = lo.Filter(nodes, func(n *v1.Node, _ int) bool {
-			return (n.GetSubnetRoutes() != nil && len(n.GetSubnetRoutes()) > 0) || (n.GetApprovedRoutes() != nil && len(n.GetApprovedRoutes()) > 0) || (n.GetAvailableRoutes() != nil && len(n.GetAvailableRoutes()) > 0)
-		})
+		response, err := client.ListMachines(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot get nodes: %s", status.Convert(err).Message()),
+				output,
+			)
 
-		return printListOutput(cmd, nodes, func() error {
-			return pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(nodeRoutesToPtables(nodes)).Render()
-		})
-	}),
+			return
+		}
+
+		if output != "" {
+			SuccessOutput(response.Machines, "", output)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		tableData, err := nodesToPtables(namespace, showTags, response.Machines)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error converting to table: %s", err), output)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		err = pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+	},
 }
 
 var expireNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "expire",
-	Short: "Expire (log out) a node in your network",
-	Long: `Expiring a node will keep the node in the database and force it to reauthenticate.
-
-Use --disable to disable key expiry (node will never expire).`,
+	Use:     "expire",
+	Short:   "Expire (log out) a machine in your network",
+	Long:    "Expiring a node will keep the node in the database and force it to reauthenticate.",
 	Aliases: []string{"logout", "exp", "e"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
-		disableExpiry, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("disable")
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
-		// Handle disable expiry - node will never expire.
-		if disableExpiry {
-			request := &v1.ExpireNodeRequest{
-				NodeId:        identifier,
-				DisableExpiry: true,
-			}
-
-			response, err := client.ExpireNode(ctx, request)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("disabling node expiry: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			return printOutput(cmd, response.GetNode(), "Node expiry disabled")
-		}
-
-		expiry, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("expiry")
-
-		now := time.Now()
-
-		expiryTime := now
-		if expiry != "" {
-			var err error
-			expiryTime, err = time.Parse(time.RFC3339, expiry)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("parsing expiry time: %w", err)
-			}
-		}
-
-		request := &v1.ExpireNodeRequest{
-			NodeId: identifier,
-			Expiry: timestamppb.New(expiryTime),
-		}
-
-		response, err := client.ExpireNode(ctx, request)
+		identifier, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("expiring node: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		if now.Equal(expiryTime) || now.After(expiryTime) {
-			return printOutput(cmd, response.GetNode(), "Node expired")
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		request := &v1.ExpireMachineRequest{
+			MachineId: identifier,
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetNode(), "Node expiration updated")
-	}),
+		response, err := client.ExpireMachine(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf(
+					"Cannot expire machine: %s\n",
+					status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		SuccessOutput(response.Machine, "Machine expired", output)
+	},
 }
 
 var renameNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "rename NEW_NAME",
-	Short: "Renames a node in your network",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
+	Short: "Renames a machine in your network",
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		identifier, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
 
 		newName := ""
 		if len(args) > 0 {
 			newName = args[0]
 		}
-
-		request := &v1.RenameNodeRequest{
-			NodeId:  identifier,
-			NewName: newName,
+		request := &v1.RenameMachineRequest{
+			MachineId: identifier,
+			NewName:   newName,
 		}
 
-		response, err := client.RenameNode(ctx, request)
+		response, err := client.RenameMachine(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("renaming node: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf(
+					"Cannot rename machine: %s\n",
+					status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetNode(), "Node renamed")
-	}),
+		SuccessOutput(response.Machine, "Machine renamed", output)
+	},
 }
 
 var deleteNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "delete",
 	Short:   "Delete a node",
 	Aliases: []string{"del"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
-		getRequest := &v1.GetNodeRequest{
-			NodeId: identifier,
-		}
-
-		getResponse, err := client.GetNode(ctx, getRequest)
+		identifier, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("getting node: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		deleteRequest := &v1.DeleteNodeRequest{
-			NodeId: identifier,
-		}
-
-		if !confirmAction(cmd, fmt.Sprintf(
-			"Do you want to remove the node %s?",
-			getResponse.GetNode().GetName(),
-		)) {
-			return printOutput(cmd, map[string]string{"Result": "Node not deleted"}, "Node not deleted")
-		}
-
-		_, err = client.DeleteNode(ctx, deleteRequest)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("deleting node: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(
-			cmd,
-			map[string]string{"Result": "Node deleted"},
-			"Node deleted",
-		)
-	}),
-}
-
-var backfillNodeIPsCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "backfillips",
-	Short: "Backfill IPs missing from nodes",
-	Long: `
-Backfill IPs can be used to add/remove IPs from nodes
-based on the current configuration of Headscale.
-
-If there are nodes that does not have IPv4 or IPv6
-even if prefixes for both are configured in the config,
-this command can be used to assign IPs of the sort to
-all nodes that are missing.
-
-If you remove IPv4 or IPv6 prefixes from the config,
-it can be run to remove the IPs that should no longer
-be assigned to nodes.`,
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		if !confirmAction(cmd, "Are you sure that you want to assign/remove IPs to/from nodes?") {
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel, err := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("connecting to headscale: %w", err)
-		}
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
-		changes, err := client.BackfillNodeIPs(ctx, &v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest{Confirmed: true})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("backfilling IPs: %w", err)
+		getRequest := &v1.GetMachineRequest{
+			MachineId: identifier,
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, changes, "Node IPs backfilled successfully")
+		getResponse, err := client.GetMachine(ctx, getRequest)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf(
+					"Error getting node node: %s",
+					status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		deleteRequest := &v1.DeleteMachineRequest{
+			MachineId: identifier,
+		}
+
+		confirm := false
+		force, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
+		if !force {
+			prompt := &survey.Confirm{
+				Message: fmt.Sprintf(
+					"Do you want to remove the node %s?",
+					getResponse.GetMachine().Name,
+				),
+			}
+			err = survey.AskOne(prompt, &confirm)
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		if confirm || force {
+			response, err := client.DeleteMachine(ctx, deleteRequest)
+			if output != "" {
+				SuccessOutput(response, "", output)
+
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(
+					err,
+					fmt.Sprintf(
+						"Error deleting node: %s",
+						status.Convert(err).Message(),
+					),
+					output,
+				)
+
+				return
+			}
+			SuccessOutput(
+				map[string]string{"Result": "Node deleted"},
+				"Node deleted",
+				output,
+			)
+		} else {
+			SuccessOutput(map[string]string{"Result": "Node not deleted"}, "Node not deleted", output)
+		}
+	},
+}
+
+var moveNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "move",
+	Short:   "Move node to another namespace",
+	Aliases: []string{"mv"},
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		identifier, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		namespace, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("namespace")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting namespace: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		getRequest := &v1.GetMachineRequest{
+			MachineId: identifier,
+		}
+
+		_, err = client.GetMachine(ctx, getRequest)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf(
+					"Error getting node: %s",
+					status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		moveRequest := &v1.MoveMachineRequest{
+			MachineId: identifier,
+			Namespace: namespace,
+		}
+
+		moveResponse, err := client.MoveMachine(ctx, moveRequest)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf(
+					"Error moving node: %s",
+					status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		SuccessOutput(moveResponse.Machine, "Node moved to another namespace", output)
 	},
 }
 
 func nodesToPtables(
-	currentUser string,
-	nodes []*v1.Node,
+	currentNamespace string,
+	showTags bool,
+	machines []*v1.Machine,
 ) (pterm.TableData, error) {
 	tableHeader := []string{
 		"ID",
 		"Hostname",
 		"Name",
-		"MachineKey",
 		"NodeKey",
-		"User",
-		"Tags",
+		"Namespace",
 		"IP addresses",
 		"Ephemeral",
 		"Last seen",
-		"Expiration",
-		"Connected",
+		"Online",
 		"Expired",
 	}
+	if showTags {
+		tableHeader = append(tableHeader, []string{
+			"ForcedTags",
+			"InvalidTags",
+			"ValidTags",
+		}...)
+	}
 	tableData := pterm.TableData{tableHeader}
 
-	for _, node := range nodes {
+	for _, machine := range machines {
 		var ephemeral bool
-		if node.GetPreAuthKey() != nil && node.GetPreAuthKey().GetEphemeral() {
+		if machine.PreAuthKey != nil && machine.PreAuthKey.Ephemeral {
 			ephemeral = true
 		}
 
-		var (
-			lastSeen     time.Time
-			lastSeenTime string
-		)
-
-		if node.GetLastSeen() != nil {
-			lastSeen = node.GetLastSeen().AsTime()
-			lastSeenTime = lastSeen.Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat)
+		var lastSeen time.Time
+		var lastSeenTime string
+		if machine.LastSeen != nil {
+			lastSeen = machine.LastSeen.AsTime()
+			lastSeenTime = lastSeen.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
 		}
 
-		var (
-			expiry     time.Time
-			expiryTime string
-		)
-
-		if node.GetExpiry() != nil {
-			expiry = node.GetExpiry().AsTime()
-			expiryTime = expiry.Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat)
-		} else {
-			expiryTime = "N/A"
-		}
-
-		var machineKey key.MachinePublic
-
-		err := machineKey.UnmarshalText(
-			[]byte(node.GetMachineKey()),
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			machineKey = key.MachinePublic{}
+		var expiry time.Time
+		if machine.Expiry != nil {
+			expiry = machine.Expiry.AsTime()
 		}
 
 		var nodeKey key.NodePublic
-
-		err = nodeKey.UnmarshalText(
-			[]byte(node.GetNodeKey()),
+		err := nodeKey.UnmarshalText(
+			[]byte(headscale.NodePublicKeyEnsurePrefix(machine.NodeKey)),
 		)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
 		var online string
-		if node.GetOnline() {
+		if lastSeen.After(
+			time.Now().Add(-5 * time.Minute),
+		) { // TODO: Find a better way to reliably show if online
 			online = pterm.LightGreen("online")
 		} else {
 			online = pterm.LightRed("offline")
 		}
 
 		var expired string
-		if node.GetExpiry() != nil && node.GetExpiry().AsTime().Before(time.Now()) {
-			expired = pterm.LightRed("yes")
-		} else {
+		if expiry.IsZero() || expiry.After(time.Now()) {
 			expired = pterm.LightGreen("no")
+		} else {
+			expired = pterm.LightRed("yes")
 		}
 
-		var tagsBuilder strings.Builder
+		var forcedTags string
+		for _, tag := range machine.ForcedTags {
+			forcedTags += "," + tag
+		}
+		forcedTags = strings.TrimLeft(forcedTags, ",")
+		var invalidTags string
+		for _, tag := range machine.InvalidTags {
+			if !contains(machine.ForcedTags, tag) {
+				invalidTags += "," + pterm.LightRed(tag)
+			}
+		}
+		invalidTags = strings.TrimLeft(invalidTags, ",")
+		var validTags string
+		for _, tag := range machine.ValidTags {
+			if !contains(machine.ForcedTags, tag) {
+				validTags += "," + pterm.LightGreen(tag)
+			}
+		}
+		validTags = strings.TrimLeft(validTags, ",")
 
-		for _, tag := range node.GetTags() {
-			tagsBuilder.WriteString("\n" + tag)
+		var namespace string
+		if currentNamespace == "" || (currentNamespace == machine.Namespace.Name) {
+			namespace = pterm.LightMagenta(machine.Namespace.Name)
+		} else {
+			// Shared into this namespace
+			namespace = pterm.LightYellow(machine.Namespace.Name)
 		}
 
-		tags := strings.TrimLeft(tagsBuilder.String(), "\n")
-
-		var user string
-		if node.GetUser() != nil {
-			user = node.GetUser().GetName()
-		}
-
-		var ipBuilder strings.Builder
-		for _, addr := range node.GetIpAddresses() {
-			ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(addr)
-			if err == nil {
-				if ipBuilder.Len() > 0 {
-					ipBuilder.WriteString("\n")
-				}
-
-				ipBuilder.WriteString(ip.String())
+		var IPV4Address string
+		var IPV6Address string
+		for _, addr := range machine.IpAddresses {
+			if netip.MustParseAddr(addr).Is4() {
+				IPV4Address = addr
+			} else {
+				IPV6Address = addr
 			}
 		}
 
-		ipAddresses := ipBuilder.String()
-
 		nodeData := []string{
-			strconv.FormatUint(node.GetId(), util.Base10),
-			node.GetName(),
-			node.GetGivenName(),
-			machineKey.ShortString(),
+			strconv.FormatUint(machine.Id, headscale.Base10),
+			machine.Name,
+			machine.GetGivenName(),
 			nodeKey.ShortString(),
-			user,
-			tags,
-			ipAddresses,
+			namespace,
+			strings.Join([]string{IPV4Address, IPV6Address}, ", "),
 			strconv.FormatBool(ephemeral),
 			lastSeenTime,
-			expiryTime,
 			online,
 			expired,
 		}
+		if showTags {
+			nodeData = append(nodeData, []string{forcedTags, invalidTags, validTags}...)
+		}
 		tableData = append(
 			tableData,
 			nodeData,
@@ -434,76 +588,60 @@ func nodesToPtables(
 	return tableData, nil
 }
 
-func nodeRoutesToPtables(
-	nodes []*v1.Node,
-) pterm.TableData {
-	tableHeader := []string{
-		"ID",
-		"Hostname",
-		"Approved",
-		"Available",
-		"Serving (Primary)",
-	}
-	tableData := pterm.TableData{tableHeader}
-
-	for _, node := range nodes {
-		nodeData := []string{
-			strconv.FormatUint(node.GetId(), util.Base10),
-			node.GetGivenName(),
-			strings.Join(node.GetApprovedRoutes(), "\n"),
-			strings.Join(node.GetAvailableRoutes(), "\n"),
-			strings.Join(node.GetSubnetRoutes(), "\n"),
-		}
-		tableData = append(
-			tableData,
-			nodeData,
-		)
-	}
-
-	return tableData
-}
-
 var tagCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "tag",
 	Short:   "Manage the tags of a node",
 	Aliases: []string{"tags", "t"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
-		tagsToSet, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("tags")
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
 
-		// Sending tags to node
-		request := &v1.SetTagsRequest{
-			NodeId: identifier,
-			Tags:   tagsToSet,
+		// retrieve flags from CLI
+		identifier, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+		tagsToSet, err := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("tags")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error retrieving list of tags to add to machine, %v", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
+		// Sending tags to machine
+		request := &v1.SetTagsRequest{
+			MachineId: identifier,
+			Tags:      tagsToSet,
+		}
 		resp, err := client.SetTags(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("setting tags: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error while sending tags to headscale: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.GetNode(), "Node updated")
-	}),
-}
-
-var approveRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "approve-routes",
-	Short: "Manage the approved routes of a node",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
-		routes, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("routes")
-
-		// Sending routes to node
-		request := &v1.SetApprovedRoutesRequest{
-			NodeId: identifier,
-			Routes: routes,
-		}
-
-		resp, err := client.SetApprovedRoutes(ctx, request)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("setting approved routes: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.GetNode(), "Node updated")
-	}),
+		if resp != nil {
+			SuccessOutput(
+				resp.GetMachine(),
+				"Machine updated",
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/policy.go

@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-
-	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/db"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/policy"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"tailscale.com/types/views"
-)
-
-const (
-	bypassFlag = "bypass-grpc-and-access-database-directly" //nolint:gosec // not a credential
-)
-
-var errAborted = errors.New("command aborted by user")
-
-// bypassDatabase loads the server config and opens the database directly,
-// bypassing the gRPC server. The caller is responsible for closing the
-// returned database handle.
-func bypassDatabase() (*db.HSDatabase, error) {
-	cfg, err := types.LoadServerConfig()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("loading config: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	d, err := db.NewHeadscaleDatabase(cfg)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("opening database: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return d, nil
-}
-
-func init() {
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(policyCmd)
-
-	getPolicy.Flags().BoolP(bypassFlag, "", false, "Uses the headscale config to directly access the database, bypassing gRPC and does not require the server to be running")
-	policyCmd.AddCommand(getPolicy)
-
-	setPolicy.Flags().StringP("file", "f", "", "Path to a policy file in HuJSON format")
-	setPolicy.Flags().BoolP(bypassFlag, "", false, "Uses the headscale config to directly access the database, bypassing gRPC and does not require the server to be running")
-	mustMarkRequired(setPolicy, "file")
-	policyCmd.AddCommand(setPolicy)
-
-	checkPolicy.Flags().StringP("file", "f", "", "Path to a policy file in HuJSON format")
-	mustMarkRequired(checkPolicy, "file")
-	policyCmd.AddCommand(checkPolicy)
-}
-
-var policyCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "policy",
-	Short: "Manage the Headscale ACL Policy",
-}
-
-var getPolicy = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "get",
-	Short:   "Print the current ACL Policy",
-	Aliases: []string{"show", "view", "fetch"},
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		var policyData string
-		if bypass, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(bypassFlag); bypass {
-			if !confirmAction(cmd, "DO NOT run this command if an instance of headscale is running, are you sure headscale is not running?") {
-				return errAborted
-			}
-
-			d, err := bypassDatabase()
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			defer d.Close()
-
-			pol, err := d.GetPolicy()
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("loading policy from database: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			policyData = pol.Data
-		} else {
-			ctx, client, conn, cancel, err := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("connecting to headscale: %w", err)
-			}
-			defer cancel()
-			defer conn.Close()
-
-			response, err := client.GetPolicy(ctx, &v1.GetPolicyRequest{})
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("loading ACL policy: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			policyData = response.GetPolicy()
-		}
-
-		// This does not pass output format as we don't support yaml, json or
-		// json-line output for this command. It is HuJSON already.
-		fmt.Println(policyData)
-
-		return nil
-	},
-}
-
-var setPolicy = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "set",
-	Short: "Updates the ACL Policy",
-	Long: `
-	Updates the existing ACL Policy with the provided policy. The policy must be a valid HuJSON object.
-	This command only works when the acl.policy_mode is set to "db", and the policy will be stored in the database.`,
-	Aliases: []string{"put", "update"},
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		policyPath, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("file")
-
-		policyBytes, err := os.ReadFile(policyPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("reading policy file: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if bypass, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(bypassFlag); bypass {
-			if !confirmAction(cmd, "DO NOT run this command if an instance of headscale is running, are you sure headscale is not running?") {
-				return errAborted
-			}
-
-			d, err := bypassDatabase()
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			defer d.Close()
-
-			users, err := d.ListUsers()
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("loading users for policy validation: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			_, err = policy.NewPolicyManager(policyBytes, users, views.Slice[types.NodeView]{})
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("parsing policy file: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			_, err = d.SetPolicy(string(policyBytes))
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("setting ACL policy: %w", err)
-			}
-		} else {
-			request := &v1.SetPolicyRequest{Policy: string(policyBytes)}
-
-			ctx, client, conn, cancel, err := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("connecting to headscale: %w", err)
-			}
-			defer cancel()
-			defer conn.Close()
-
-			_, err = client.SetPolicy(ctx, request)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("setting ACL policy: %w", err)
-			}
-		}
-
-		fmt.Println("Policy updated.")
-
-		return nil
-	},
-}
-
-var checkPolicy = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "check",
-	Short: "Check the Policy file for errors",
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		policyPath, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("file")
-
-		policyBytes, err := os.ReadFile(policyPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("reading policy file: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		_, err = policy.NewPolicyManager(policyBytes, nil, views.Slice[types.NodeView]{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("parsing policy file: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		fmt.Println("Policy is valid")
-
-		return nil
-	},
-}

cmd/headscale/cli/preauthkeys.go

@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -18,10 +20,14 @@ const (
 
 func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(preauthkeysCmd)
+	preauthkeysCmd.PersistentFlags().StringP("namespace", "n", "", "Namespace")
+	err := preauthkeysCmd.MarkPersistentFlagRequired("namespace")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("")
+	}
 	preauthkeysCmd.AddCommand(listPreAuthKeys)
 	preauthkeysCmd.AddCommand(createPreAuthKeyCmd)
 	preauthkeysCmd.AddCommand(expirePreAuthKeyCmd)
-	preauthkeysCmd.AddCommand(deletePreAuthKeyCmd)
 	createPreAuthKeyCmd.PersistentFlags().
 		Bool("reusable", false, "Make the preauthkey reusable")
 	createPreAuthKeyCmd.PersistentFlags().
@@ -30,9 +36,6 @@ func init() {
 		StringP("expiration", "e", DefaultPreAuthKeyExpiry, "Human-readable expiration of the key (e.g. 30m, 24h)")
 	createPreAuthKeyCmd.Flags().
 		StringSlice("tags", []string{}, "Tags to automatically assign to node")
-	createPreAuthKeyCmd.PersistentFlags().Uint64P("user", "u", 0, "User identifier (ID)")
-	expirePreAuthKeyCmd.PersistentFlags().Uint64P("id", "i", 0, "Authkey ID")
-	deletePreAuthKeyCmd.PersistentFlags().Uint64P("id", "i", 0, "Authkey ID")
 }
 
 var preauthkeysCmd = &cobra.Command{
@@ -43,136 +46,212 @@ var preauthkeysCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 var listPreAuthKeys = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "list",
-	Short:   "List all preauthkeys",
+	Short:   "List the preauthkeys for this namespace",
 	Aliases: []string{"ls", "show"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		response, err := client.ListPreAuthKeys(ctx, &v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest{})
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		namespace, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("namespace")
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("listing preauthkeys: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting namespace: %s", err), output)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		return printListOutput(cmd, response.GetPreAuthKeys(), func() error {
-			tableData := pterm.TableData{
-				{
-					"ID",
-					"Key/Prefix",
-					"Reusable",
-					"Ephemeral",
-					"Used",
-					"Expiration",
-					"Created",
-					"Owner",
-				},
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		request := &v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest{
+			Namespace: namespace,
+		}
+
+		response, err := client.ListPreAuthKeys(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting the list of keys: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		if output != "" {
+			SuccessOutput(response.PreAuthKeys, "", output)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		tableData := pterm.TableData{
+			{
+				"ID",
+				"Key",
+				"Reusable",
+				"Ephemeral",
+				"Used",
+				"Expiration",
+				"Created",
+				"Tags",
+			},
+		}
+		for _, key := range response.PreAuthKeys {
+			expiration := "-"
+			if key.GetExpiration() != nil {
+				expiration = ColourTime(key.Expiration.AsTime())
 			}
 
-			for _, key := range response.GetPreAuthKeys() {
-				expiration := "-"
-				if key.GetExpiration() != nil {
-					expiration = ColourTime(key.GetExpiration().AsTime())
-				}
-
-				var owner string
-				if len(key.GetAclTags()) > 0 {
-					owner = strings.Join(key.GetAclTags(), "\n")
-				} else if key.GetUser() != nil {
-					owner = key.GetUser().GetName()
-				} else {
-					owner = "-"
-				}
-
-				tableData = append(tableData, []string{
-					strconv.FormatUint(key.GetId(), util.Base10),
-					key.GetKey(),
-					strconv.FormatBool(key.GetReusable()),
-					strconv.FormatBool(key.GetEphemeral()),
-					strconv.FormatBool(key.GetUsed()),
-					expiration,
-					key.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat),
-					owner,
-				})
+			var reusable string
+			if key.GetEphemeral() {
+				reusable = "N/A"
+			} else {
+				reusable = fmt.Sprintf("%v", key.GetReusable())
 			}
 
-			return pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
-		})
-	}),
+			aclTags := ""
+
+			for _, tag := range key.AclTags {
+				aclTags += "," + tag
+			}
+
+			aclTags = strings.TrimLeft(aclTags, ",")
+
+			tableData = append(tableData, []string{
+				key.GetId(),
+				key.GetKey(),
+				reusable,
+				strconv.FormatBool(key.GetEphemeral()),
+				strconv.FormatBool(key.GetUsed()),
+				expiration,
+				key.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"),
+				aclTags,
+			})
+
+		}
+		err = pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+	},
 }
 
 var createPreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "create",
-	Short:   "Creates a new preauthkey",
+	Short:   "Creates a new preauthkey in the specified namespace",
 	Aliases: []string{"c", "new"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("user")
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		namespace, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("namespace")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting namespace: %s", err), output)
+
+			return
+		}
+
 		reusable, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("reusable")
 		ephemeral, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("ephemeral")
 		tags, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("tags")
 
-		expiration, err := expirationFromFlag(cmd)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		log.Trace().
+			Bool("reusable", reusable).
+			Bool("ephemeral", ephemeral).
+			Str("namespace", namespace).
+			Msg("Preparing to create preauthkey")
 
 		request := &v1.CreatePreAuthKeyRequest{
-			User:       user,
-			Reusable:   reusable,
-			Ephemeral:  ephemeral,
-			AclTags:    tags,
-			Expiration: expiration,
+			Namespace: namespace,
+			Reusable:  reusable,
+			Ephemeral: ephemeral,
+			AclTags:   tags,
 		}
 
+		durationStr, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("expiration")
+
+		duration, err := model.ParseDuration(durationStr)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Could not parse duration: %s\n", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		expiration := time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Duration(duration))
+
+		log.Trace().
+			Dur("expiration", time.Duration(duration)).
+			Msg("expiration has been set")
+
+		request.Expiration = timestamppb.New(expiration)
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
 		response, err := client.CreatePreAuthKey(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("creating preauthkey: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot create Pre Auth Key: %s\n", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetPreAuthKey(), response.GetPreAuthKey().GetKey())
-	}),
+		SuccessOutput(response.PreAuthKey, response.PreAuthKey.Key, output)
+	},
 }
 
 var expirePreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "expire",
+	Use:     "expire KEY",
 	Short:   "Expire a preauthkey",
 	Aliases: []string{"revoke", "exp", "e"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("id")
-
-		if id == 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("missing --id parameter: %w", errMissingParameter)
+	Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		if len(args) < 1 {
+			return errMissingParameter
 		}
 
+		return nil
+	},
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+		namespace, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("namespace")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting namespace: %s", err), output)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
 		request := &v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest{
-			Id: id,
+			Namespace: namespace,
+			Key:       args[0],
 		}
 
 		response, err := client.ExpirePreAuthKey(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("expiring preauthkey: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot expire Pre Auth Key: %s\n", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Key expired")
-	}),
-}
-
-var deletePreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "delete",
-	Short:   "Delete a preauthkey",
-	Aliases: []string{"del", "rm", "d"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("id")
-
-		if id == 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("missing --id parameter: %w", errMissingParameter)
-		}
-
-		request := &v1.DeletePreAuthKeyRequest{
-			Id: id,
-		}
-
-		response, err := client.DeletePreAuthKey(ctx, request)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("deleting preauthkey: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Key deleted")
-	}),
+		SuccessOutput(response, "Key expired", output)
+	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/pterm_style.go

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func ColourTime(date time.Time) string {
-	dateStr := date.Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat)
+	dateStr := date.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
 
 	if date.After(time.Now()) {
 		dateStr = pterm.LightGreen(dateStr)

cmd/headscale/cli/root.go

@@ -1,29 +1,21 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
+	"github.com/juanfont/headscale"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"github.com/spf13/viper"
 	"github.com/tcnksm/go-latest"
 )
 
 var cfgFile string = ""
 
 func init() {
-	if len(os.Args) > 1 &&
-		(os.Args[1] == "version" || os.Args[1] == "mockoidc" || os.Args[1] == "completion") {
-		return
-	}
-
-	if slices.Contains(os.Args, "policy") && slices.Contains(os.Args, "check") {
-		zerolog.SetGlobalLevel(zerolog.Disabled)
+	if len(os.Args) > 1 && (os.Args[1] == "version" || os.Args[1] == "mockoidc") {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -34,108 +26,63 @@ func init() {
 		StringP("output", "o", "", "Output format. Empty for human-readable, 'json', 'json-line' or 'yaml'")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().
 		Bool("force", false, "Disable prompts and forces the execution")
-
-	// Re-enable usage output only for flag-parsing errors; runtime errors
-	// from RunE should never dump usage text.
-	rootCmd.SetFlagErrorFunc(func(cmd *cobra.Command, err error) error {
-		cmd.SilenceUsage = false
-
-		return err
-	})
 }
 
 func initConfig() {
 	if cfgFile == "" {
 		cfgFile = os.Getenv("HEADSCALE_CONFIG")
 	}
-
 	if cfgFile != "" {
-		err := types.LoadConfig(cfgFile, true)
+		err := headscale.LoadConfig(cfgFile, true)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msgf("error loading config file %s", cfgFile)
+			log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msgf("Error loading config file %s", cfgFile)
 		}
 	} else {
-		err := types.LoadConfig("", false)
+		err := headscale.LoadConfig("", false)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msgf("error loading config")
+			log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msgf("Error loading config")
 		}
 	}
 
-	machineOutput := hasMachineOutputFlag()
+	cfg, err := headscale.GetHeadscaleConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err)
+	}
 
-	// If the user has requested a "node" readable format,
+	machineOutput := HasMachineOutputFlag()
+
+	zerolog.SetGlobalLevel(cfg.Log.Level)
+
+	// If the user has requested a "machine" readable format,
 	// then disable login so the output remains valid.
 	if machineOutput {
 		zerolog.SetGlobalLevel(zerolog.Disabled)
 	}
 
-	logFormat := viper.GetString("log.format")
-	if logFormat == types.JSONLogFormat {
+	if cfg.Log.Format == headscale.JSONLogFormat {
 		log.Logger = log.Output(os.Stdout)
 	}
 
-	disableUpdateCheck := viper.GetBool("disable_check_updates")
-	if !disableUpdateCheck && !machineOutput {
-		versionInfo := types.GetVersionInfo()
+	if !cfg.DisableUpdateCheck && !machineOutput {
 		if (runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "darwin") &&
-			!versionInfo.Dirty {
+			Version != "dev" {
 			githubTag := &latest.GithubTag{
-				Owner:         "juanfont",
-				Repository:    "headscale",
-				TagFilterFunc: filterPreReleasesIfStable(func() string { return versionInfo.Version }),
+				Owner:      "juanfont",
+				Repository: "headscale",
 			}
-
-			res, err := latest.Check(githubTag, versionInfo.Version)
+			res, err := latest.Check(githubTag, Version)
 			if err == nil && res.Outdated {
 				//nolint
-				log.Warn().Msgf(
+				fmt.Printf(
 					"An updated version of Headscale has been found (%s vs. your current %s). Check it out https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases\n",
 					res.Current,
-					versionInfo.Version,
+					Version,
 				)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-var prereleases = []string{"alpha", "beta", "rc", "dev"}
-
-func isPreReleaseVersion(version string) bool {
-	for _, unstable := range prereleases {
-		if strings.Contains(version, unstable) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
-// filterPreReleasesIfStable returns a function that filters out
-// pre-release tags if the current version is stable.
-// If the current version is a pre-release, it does not filter anything.
-// versionFunc is a function that returns the current version string, it is
-// a func for testability.
-func filterPreReleasesIfStable(versionFunc func() string) func(string) bool {
-	return func(tag string) bool {
-		version := versionFunc()
-
-		// If we are on a pre-release version, then we do not filter anything
-		// as we want to recommend the user the latest pre-release.
-		if isPreReleaseVersion(version) {
-			return false
-		}
-
-		// If we are on a stable release, filter out pre-releases.
-		for _, ignore := range prereleases {
-			if strings.Contains(tag, ignore) {
-				return true
-			}
-		}
-
-		return false
-	}
-}
-
 var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "headscale",
 	Short: "headscale - a Tailscale control server",
@@ -143,15 +90,11 @@ var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
 headscale is an open source implementation of the Tailscale control server
 
 https://github.com/juanfont/headscale`,
-	SilenceErrors: true,
-	SilenceUsage:  true,
 }
 
 func Execute() {
-	cmd, err := rootCmd.ExecuteC()
-	if err != nil {
-		outputFormat, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
-		printError(err, outputFormat)
+	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/root_test.go

@@ -1,293 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestFilterPreReleasesIfStable(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name           string
-		currentVersion string
-		tag            string
-		expectedFilter bool
-		description    string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:           "stable version filters alpha tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-alpha.1",
-			expectedFilter: true,
-			description:    "When on stable release, alpha tags should be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "stable version filters beta tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-beta.2",
-			expectedFilter: true,
-			description:    "When on stable release, beta tags should be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "stable version filters rc tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-rc.1",
-			expectedFilter: true,
-			description:    "When on stable release, rc tags should be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "stable version allows stable tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "When on stable release, stable tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "alpha version allows alpha tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0-alpha.1",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-alpha.2",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "When on alpha release, alpha tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "alpha version allows beta tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0-alpha.1",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-beta.1",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "When on alpha release, beta tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "alpha version allows rc tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0-alpha.1",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-rc.1",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "When on alpha release, rc tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "alpha version allows stable tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0-alpha.1",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "When on alpha release, stable tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "beta version allows alpha tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0-beta.1",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-alpha.1",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "When on beta release, alpha tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "beta version allows beta tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0-beta.2",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-beta.3",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "When on beta release, beta tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "beta version allows rc tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0-beta.1",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-rc.1",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "When on beta release, rc tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "beta version allows stable tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0-beta.1",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "When on beta release, stable tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "rc version allows alpha tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0-rc.1",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-alpha.1",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "When on rc release, alpha tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "rc version allows beta tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0-rc.1",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-beta.1",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "When on rc release, beta tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "rc version allows rc tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0-rc.2",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-rc.3",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "When on rc release, rc tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "rc version allows stable tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0-rc.1",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "When on rc release, stable tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "stable version with patch filters alpha",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.1",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-alpha.1",
-			expectedFilter: true,
-			description:    "Stable version with patch number should filter alpha tags",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "stable version with patch allows stable",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.1",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "Stable version with patch number should allow stable tags",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "tag with alpha substring in version number",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
-			tag:            "v1.0.0-alpha.1",
-			expectedFilter: true,
-			description:    "Tags with alpha in version string should be filtered on stable",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "tag with beta substring in version number",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
-			tag:            "v1.0.0-beta.1",
-			expectedFilter: true,
-			description:    "Tags with beta in version string should be filtered on stable",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "tag with rc substring in version number",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
-			tag:            "v1.0.0-rc.1",
-			expectedFilter: true,
-			description:    "Tags with rc in version string should be filtered on stable",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "empty tag on stable version",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
-			tag:            "",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "Empty tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "dev version allows all tags",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0-dev",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-alpha.1",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "Dev versions should not filter any tags (pre-release allows all)",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "stable version filters dev tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-dev",
-			expectedFilter: true,
-			description:    "When on stable release, dev tags should be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "dev version allows dev tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0-dev",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0-dev.1",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "When on dev release, dev tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "dev version allows stable tag",
-			currentVersion: "0.23.0-dev",
-			tag:            "v0.24.0",
-			expectedFilter: false,
-			description:    "When on dev release, stable tags should not be filtered",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result := filterPreReleasesIfStable(func() string { return tt.currentVersion })(tt.tag)
-			if result != tt.expectedFilter {
-				t.Errorf("%s: got %v, want %v\nDescription: %s\nCurrent version: %s, Tag: %s",
-					tt.name,
-					result,
-					tt.expectedFilter,
-					tt.description,
-					tt.currentVersion,
-					tt.tag,
-				)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestIsPreReleaseVersion(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		version     string
-		expected    bool
-		description string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:        "stable version",
-			version:     "0.23.0",
-			expected:    false,
-			description: "Stable version should not be pre-release",
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "alpha version",
-			version:     "0.23.0-alpha.1",
-			expected:    true,
-			description: "Alpha version should be pre-release",
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "beta version",
-			version:     "0.23.0-beta.1",
-			expected:    true,
-			description: "Beta version should be pre-release",
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "rc version",
-			version:     "0.23.0-rc.1",
-			expected:    true,
-			description: "RC version should be pre-release",
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "version with alpha substring",
-			version:     "0.23.0-alphabetical",
-			expected:    true,
-			description: "Version containing 'alpha' should be pre-release",
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "version with beta substring",
-			version:     "0.23.0-betamax",
-			expected:    true,
-			description: "Version containing 'beta' should be pre-release",
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "dev version",
-			version:     "0.23.0-dev",
-			expected:    true,
-			description: "Dev version should be pre-release",
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "empty version",
-			version:     "",
-			expected:    false,
-			description: "Empty version should not be pre-release",
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "version with patch number",
-			version:     "0.23.1",
-			expected:    false,
-			description: "Stable version with patch should not be pre-release",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result := isPreReleaseVersion(tt.version)
-			if result != tt.expected {
-				t.Errorf("%s: got %v, want %v\nDescription: %s\nVersion: %s",
-					tt.name,
-					result,
-					tt.expected,
-					tt.description,
-					tt.version,
-				)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

cmd/headscale/cli/routes.go

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"strconv"
+
+	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
+	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(routesCmd)
+
+	listRoutesCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
+	err := listRoutesCmd.MarkFlagRequired("identifier")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
+	routesCmd.AddCommand(listRoutesCmd)
+
+	enableRouteCmd.Flags().
+		StringSliceP("route", "r", []string{}, "List (or repeated flags) of routes to enable")
+	enableRouteCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
+	enableRouteCmd.Flags().BoolP("all", "a", false, "All routes from host")
+
+	err = enableRouteCmd.MarkFlagRequired("identifier")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	routesCmd.AddCommand(enableRouteCmd)
+
+	nodeCmd.AddCommand(routesCmd)
+}
+
+var routesCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "routes",
+	Short:   "Manage the routes of Headscale",
+	Aliases: []string{"r", "route"},
+}
+
+var listRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "list",
+	Short:   "List routes advertised and enabled by a given node",
+	Aliases: []string{"ls", "show"},
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		machineID, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting machine id from flag: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		request := &v1.GetMachineRouteRequest{
+			MachineId: machineID,
+		}
+
+		response, err := client.GetMachineRoute(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot get nodes: %s", status.Convert(err).Message()),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		if output != "" {
+			SuccessOutput(response.Routes, "", output)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		tableData := routesToPtables(response.Routes)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error converting to table: %s", err), output)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		err = pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+	},
+}
+
+var enableRouteCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "enable",
+	Short: "Set the enabled routes for a given node",
+	Long: `This command will take a list of routes that will _replace_ 
+the current set of routes on a given node.
+If you would like to disable a route, simply run the command again, but 
+omit the route you do not want to enable.
+	`,
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		machineID, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting machine id from flag: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		var routes []string
+
+		isAll, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("all")
+		if isAll {
+			response, err := client.GetMachineRoute(ctx, &v1.GetMachineRouteRequest{
+				MachineId: machineID,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(
+					err,
+					fmt.Sprintf(
+						"Cannot get machine routes: %s\n",
+						status.Convert(err).Message(),
+					),
+					output,
+				)
+
+				return
+			}
+			routes = response.GetRoutes().GetAdvertisedRoutes()
+		} else {
+			routes, err = cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("route")
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(
+					err,
+					fmt.Sprintf("Error getting routes from flag: %s", err),
+					output,
+				)
+
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		request := &v1.EnableMachineRoutesRequest{
+			MachineId: machineID,
+			Routes:    routes,
+		}
+
+		response, err := client.EnableMachineRoutes(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf(
+					"Cannot register machine: %s\n",
+					status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		if output != "" {
+			SuccessOutput(response.Routes, "", output)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		tableData := routesToPtables(response.Routes)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error converting to table: %s", err), output)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		err = pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+	},
+}
+
+// routesToPtables converts the list of routes to a nice table.
+func routesToPtables(routes *v1.Routes) pterm.TableData {
+	tableData := pterm.TableData{{"Route", "Enabled"}}
+
+	for _, route := range routes.GetAdvertisedRoutes() {
+		enabled := isStringInSlice(routes.EnabledRoutes, route)
+
+		tableData = append(tableData, []string{route, strconv.FormatBool(enabled)})
+	}
+
+	return tableData
+}
+
+func isStringInSlice(strs []string, s string) bool {
+	for _, s2 := range strs {
+		if s == s2 {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

cmd/headscale/cli/serve.go

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"github.com/tailscale/squibble"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(serveCmd)
-}
-
-var serveCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "serve",
-	Short: "Launches the headscale server",
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		app, err := newHeadscaleServerWithConfig()
-		if err != nil {
-			if squibbleErr, ok := errors.AsType[squibble.ValidationError](err); ok {
-				fmt.Printf("SQLite schema failed to validate:\n")
-				fmt.Println(squibbleErr.Diff)
-			}
-
-			return fmt.Errorf("initializing: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		err = app.Serve()
-		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("headscale ran into an error and had to shut down: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	},
-}

cmd/headscale/cli/server.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package cli
+
+import (
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(serveCmd)
+}
+
+var serveCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "serve",
+	Short: "Launches the headscale server",
+	Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		return nil
+	},
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		app, err := getHeadscaleApp()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msg("Error initializing")
+		}
+
+		err = app.Serve()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msg("Error starting server")
+		}
+	},
+}

cmd/headscale/cli/users.go

@@ -1,243 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/url"
-	"strconv"
-
-	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util/zlog/zf"
-	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-// CLI user errors.
-var (
-	errFlagRequired       = errors.New("--name or --identifier flag is required")
-	errMultipleUsersMatch = errors.New("multiple users match query, specify an ID")
-)
-
-func usernameAndIDFlag(cmd *cobra.Command) {
-	cmd.Flags().Int64P("identifier", "i", -1, "User identifier (ID)")
-	cmd.Flags().StringP("name", "n", "", "Username")
-}
-
-// usernameAndIDFromFlag returns the username and ID from the flags of the command.
-func usernameAndIDFromFlag(cmd *cobra.Command) (uint64, string, error) {
-	username, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("name")
-
-	identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetInt64("identifier")
-	if username == "" && identifier < 0 {
-		return 0, "", errFlagRequired
-	}
-
-	// Normalise unset/negative identifiers to 0 so the uint64
-	// conversion does not produce a bogus large value.
-	if identifier < 0 {
-		identifier = 0
-	}
-
-	return uint64(identifier), username, nil //nolint:gosec // identifier is clamped to >= 0 above
-}
-
-func init() {
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(userCmd)
-	userCmd.AddCommand(createUserCmd)
-	createUserCmd.Flags().StringP("display-name", "d", "", "Display name")
-	createUserCmd.Flags().StringP("email", "e", "", "Email")
-	createUserCmd.Flags().StringP("picture-url", "p", "", "Profile picture URL")
-	userCmd.AddCommand(listUsersCmd)
-	usernameAndIDFlag(listUsersCmd)
-	listUsersCmd.Flags().StringP("email", "e", "", "Email")
-	userCmd.AddCommand(destroyUserCmd)
-	usernameAndIDFlag(destroyUserCmd)
-	userCmd.AddCommand(renameUserCmd)
-	usernameAndIDFlag(renameUserCmd)
-	renameUserCmd.Flags().StringP("new-name", "r", "", "New username")
-	mustMarkRequired(renameUserCmd, "new-name")
-}
-
-var userCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "users",
-	Short:   "Manage the users of Headscale",
-	Aliases: []string{"user"},
-}
-
-var createUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "create NAME",
-	Short:   "Creates a new user",
-	Aliases: []string{"c", "new"},
-	Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		if len(args) < 1 {
-			return errMissingParameter
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		userName := args[0]
-
-		log.Trace().Interface(zf.Client, client).Msg("obtained gRPC client")
-
-		request := &v1.CreateUserRequest{Name: userName}
-
-		if displayName, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("display-name"); displayName != "" {
-			request.DisplayName = displayName
-		}
-
-		if email, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("email"); email != "" {
-			request.Email = email
-		}
-
-		if pictureURL, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("picture-url"); pictureURL != "" {
-			if _, err := url.Parse(pictureURL); err != nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-				return fmt.Errorf("invalid picture URL: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			request.PictureUrl = pictureURL
-		}
-
-		log.Trace().Interface(zf.Request, request).Msg("sending CreateUser request")
-
-		response, err := client.CreateUser(ctx, request)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("creating user: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetUser(), "User created")
-	}),
-}
-
-var destroyUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "destroy --identifier ID or --name NAME",
-	Short:   "Destroys a user",
-	Aliases: []string{"delete"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		id, username, err := usernameAndIDFromFlag(cmd)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		request := &v1.ListUsersRequest{
-			Name: username,
-			Id:   id,
-		}
-
-		users, err := client.ListUsers(ctx, request)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("listing users: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if len(users.GetUsers()) != 1 {
-			return errMultipleUsersMatch
-		}
-
-		user := users.GetUsers()[0]
-
-		if !confirmAction(cmd, fmt.Sprintf(
-			"Do you want to remove the user %q (%d) and any associated preauthkeys?",
-			user.GetName(), user.GetId(),
-		)) {
-			return printOutput(cmd, map[string]string{"Result": "User not destroyed"}, "User not destroyed")
-		}
-
-		deleteRequest := &v1.DeleteUserRequest{Id: user.GetId()}
-
-		response, err := client.DeleteUser(ctx, deleteRequest)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("destroying user: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "User destroyed")
-	}),
-}
-
-var listUsersCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "list",
-	Short:   "List all the users",
-	Aliases: []string{"ls", "show"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		request := &v1.ListUsersRequest{}
-
-		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetInt64("identifier")
-		username, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("name")
-		email, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("email")
-
-		// filter by one param at most
-		switch {
-		case id > 0:
-			request.Id = uint64(id)
-		case username != "":
-			request.Name = username
-		case email != "":
-			request.Email = email
-		}
-
-		response, err := client.ListUsers(ctx, request)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("listing users: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return printListOutput(cmd, response.GetUsers(), func() error {
-			tableData := pterm.TableData{{"ID", "Name", "Username", "Email", "Created"}}
-			for _, user := range response.GetUsers() {
-				tableData = append(
-					tableData,
-					[]string{
-						strconv.FormatUint(user.GetId(), util.Base10),
-						user.GetDisplayName(),
-						user.GetName(),
-						user.GetEmail(),
-						user.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat),
-					},
-				)
-			}
-
-			return pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
-		})
-	}),
-}
-
-var renameUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "rename",
-	Short:   "Renames a user",
-	Aliases: []string{"mv"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		id, username, err := usernameAndIDFromFlag(cmd)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		listReq := &v1.ListUsersRequest{
-			Name: username,
-			Id:   id,
-		}
-
-		users, err := client.ListUsers(ctx, listReq)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("listing users: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if len(users.GetUsers()) != 1 {
-			return errMultipleUsersMatch
-		}
-
-		newName, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("new-name")
-
-		renameReq := &v1.RenameUserRequest{
-			OldId:   id,
-			NewName: newName,
-		}
-
-		response, err := client.RenameUser(ctx, renameReq)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("renaming user: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetUser(), "User renamed")
-	}),
-}

cmd/headscale/cli/utils.go

@@ -4,91 +4,62 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"time"
+	"reflect"
 
+	"github.com/juanfont/headscale"
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util/zlog/zf"
-	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
-	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
 )
 
 const (
 	HeadscaleDateTimeFormat = "2006-01-02 15:04:05"
 	SocketWritePermissions  = 0o666
-
-	outputFormatJSON     = "json"
-	outputFormatJSONLine = "json-line"
-	outputFormatYAML     = "yaml"
 )
 
-var (
-	errAPIKeyNotSet     = errors.New("HEADSCALE_CLI_API_KEY environment variable needs to be set")
-	errMissingParameter = errors.New("missing parameters")
-)
-
-// mustMarkRequired marks the named flags as required on cmd, panicking
-// if any name does not match a registered flag.  This is only called
-// from init() where a failure indicates a programming error.
-func mustMarkRequired(cmd *cobra.Command, names ...string) {
-	for _, n := range names {
-		err := cmd.MarkFlagRequired(n)
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(fmt.Sprintf("marking flag %q required on %q: %v", n, cmd.Name(), err))
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func newHeadscaleServerWithConfig() (*hscontrol.Headscale, error) {
-	cfg, err := types.LoadServerConfig()
+func getHeadscaleApp() (*headscale.Headscale, error) {
+	cfg, err := headscale.GetHeadscaleConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
-			"loading configuration: %w",
+			"failed to load configuration while creating headscale instance: %w",
 			err,
 		)
 	}
 
-	app, err := hscontrol.NewHeadscale(cfg)
+	app, err := headscale.NewHeadscale(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating new headscale: %w", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// We are doing this here, as in the future could be cool to have it also hot-reload
+
+	if cfg.ACL.PolicyPath != "" {
+		aclPath := headscale.AbsolutePathFromConfigPath(cfg.ACL.PolicyPath)
+		err = app.LoadACLPolicy(aclPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal().
+				Str("path", aclPath).
+				Err(err).
+				Msg("Could not load the ACL policy")
+		}
 	}
 
 	return app, nil
 }
 
-// grpcRunE wraps a cobra RunE func, injecting a ready gRPC client and
-// context. Connection lifecycle is managed by the wrapper — callers
-// never see the underlying conn or cancel func.
-func grpcRunE(
-	fn func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error,
-) func(*cobra.Command, []string) error {
-	return func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel, err := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("connecting to headscale: %w", err)
-		}
-		defer cancel()
-		defer conn.Close()
-
-		return fn(ctx, client, cmd, args)
-	}
-}
-
-func newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *grpc.ClientConn, context.CancelFunc, error) {
-	cfg, err := types.LoadCLIConfig()
+func getHeadscaleCLIClient() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *grpc.ClientConn, context.CancelFunc) {
+	cfg, err := headscale.GetHeadscaleConfig()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("loading configuration: %w", err)
+		log.Fatal().
+			Err(err).
+			Caller().
+			Msgf("Failed to load configuration")
+		os.Exit(-1) // we get here if logging is suppressed (i.e., json output)
 	}
 
 	log.Debug().
@@ -98,12 +69,12 @@ func newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *g
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), cfg.CLI.Timeout)
 
 	grpcOptions := []grpc.DialOption{
-		grpc.WithBlock(), //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: deprecated but supported in 1.x
+		grpc.WithBlock(),
 	}
 
 	address := cfg.CLI.Address
 
-	// If the address is not set, we assume that we are on the server hosting hscontrol.
+	// If the address is not set, we assume that we are on the server hosting headscale.
 	if address == "" {
 		log.Debug().
 			Str("socket", cfg.UnixSocket).
@@ -112,38 +83,29 @@ func newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *g
 		address = cfg.UnixSocket
 
 		// Try to give the user better feedback if we cannot write to the headscale
-		// socket.  Note: os.OpenFile on a Unix domain socket returns ENXIO on
-		// Linux which is expected — only permission errors are actionable here.
-		// The actual gRPC connection uses net.Dial which handles sockets properly.
+		// socket.
 		socket, err := os.OpenFile(cfg.UnixSocket, os.O_WRONLY, SocketWritePermissions) //nolint
 		if err != nil {
 			if os.IsPermission(err) {
-				cancel()
-
-				return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
-					"unable to read/write to headscale socket %q, do you have the correct permissions? %w",
-					cfg.UnixSocket,
-					err,
-				)
+				log.Fatal().
+					Err(err).
+					Str("socket", cfg.UnixSocket).
+					Msgf("Unable to read/write to headscale socket, do you have the correct permissions?")
 			}
-		} else {
-			socket.Close()
 		}
+		socket.Close()
 
 		grpcOptions = append(
 			grpcOptions,
 			grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
-			grpc.WithContextDialer(util.GrpcSocketDialer),
+			grpc.WithContextDialer(headscale.GrpcSocketDialer),
 		)
 	} else {
 		// If we are not connecting to a local server, require an API key for authentication
 		apiKey := cfg.CLI.APIKey
 		if apiKey == "" {
-			cancel()
-
-			return nil, nil, nil, nil, errAPIKeyNotSet
+			log.Fatal().Caller().Msgf("HEADSCALE_CLI_API_KEY environment variable needs to be set.")
 		}
-
 		grpcOptions = append(grpcOptions,
 			grpc.WithPerRPCCredentials(tokenAuth{
 				token: apiKey,
@@ -168,136 +130,59 @@ func newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *g
 		}
 	}
 
-	log.Trace().Caller().Str(zf.Address, address).Msg("connecting via gRPC")
-
-	conn, err := grpc.DialContext(ctx, address, grpcOptions...) //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: deprecated but supported in 1.x
+	log.Trace().Caller().Str("address", address).Msg("Connecting via gRPC")
+	conn, err := grpc.DialContext(ctx, address, grpcOptions...)
 	if err != nil {
-		cancel()
-
-		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("connecting to %s: %w", address, err)
+		log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msgf("Could not connect: %v", err)
+		os.Exit(-1) // we get here if logging is suppressed (i.e., json output)
 	}
 
 	client := v1.NewHeadscaleServiceClient(conn)
 
-	return ctx, client, conn, cancel, nil
+	return ctx, client, conn, cancel
 }
 
-// formatOutput serialises result into the requested format. For the
-// default (empty) format the human-readable override string is returned.
-func formatOutput(result any, override string, outputFormat string) (string, error) {
+func SuccessOutput(result interface{}, override string, outputFormat string) {
+	var jsonBytes []byte
+	var err error
 	switch outputFormat {
-	case outputFormatJSON:
-		b, err := json.MarshalIndent(result, "", "\t")
+	case "json":
+		jsonBytes, err = json.MarshalIndent(result, "", "\t")
 		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("marshalling JSON output: %w", err)
+			log.Fatal().Err(err)
 		}
-
-		return string(b), nil
-	case outputFormatJSONLine:
-		b, err := json.Marshal(result)
+	case "json-line":
+		jsonBytes, err = json.Marshal(result)
 		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("marshalling JSON-line output: %w", err)
+			log.Fatal().Err(err)
 		}
-
-		return string(b), nil
-	case outputFormatYAML:
-		b, err := yaml.Marshal(result)
+	case "yaml":
+		jsonBytes, err = yaml.Marshal(result)
 		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("marshalling YAML output: %w", err)
+			log.Fatal().Err(err)
 		}
-
-		return string(b), nil
 	default:
-		return override, nil
-	}
-}
-
-// printOutput formats result and writes it to stdout. It reads the --output
-// flag from cmd to decide the serialisation format.
-func printOutput(cmd *cobra.Command, result any, override string) error {
-	format, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
-
-	out, err := formatOutput(result, override, format)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	fmt.Println(out)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// expirationFromFlag parses the --expiration flag as a Prometheus-style
-// duration (e.g. "90d", "1h") and returns an absolute timestamp.
-func expirationFromFlag(cmd *cobra.Command) (*timestamppb.Timestamp, error) {
-	durationStr, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("expiration")
-
-	duration, err := model.ParseDuration(durationStr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing duration: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return timestamppb.New(time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Duration(duration))), nil
-}
-
-// confirmAction returns true when the user confirms a prompt, or when
-// --force is set.  Callers decide what to do when it returns false.
-func confirmAction(cmd *cobra.Command, prompt string) bool {
-	force, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
-	if force {
-		return true
-	}
-
-	return util.YesNo(prompt)
-}
-
-// printListOutput checks the --output flag: when a machine-readable format is
-// requested it serialises data as JSON/YAML; otherwise it calls renderTable
-// to produce the human-readable pterm table.
-func printListOutput(
-	cmd *cobra.Command,
-	data any,
-	renderTable func() error,
-) error {
-	format, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
-	if format != "" {
-		return printOutput(cmd, data, "")
-	}
-
-	return renderTable()
-}
-
-// printError writes err to stderr, formatting it as JSON/YAML when the
-// --output flag requests machine-readable output.  Used exclusively by
-// Execute() so that every error surfaces in the format the caller asked for.
-func printError(err error, outputFormat string) {
-	type errOutput struct {
-		Error string `json:"error"`
-	}
-
-	e := errOutput{Error: err.Error()}
-
-	var formatted []byte
-
-	switch outputFormat {
-	case outputFormatJSON:
-		formatted, _ = json.MarshalIndent(e, "", "\t") //nolint:errchkjson // errOutput contains only a string field
-	case outputFormatJSONLine:
-		formatted, _ = json.Marshal(e) //nolint:errchkjson // errOutput contains only a string field
-	case outputFormatYAML:
-		formatted, _ = yaml.Marshal(e)
-	default:
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %s\n", err)
+		//nolint
+		fmt.Println(override)
 
 		return
 	}
 
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s\n", formatted)
+	//nolint
+	fmt.Println(string(jsonBytes))
 }
 
-func hasMachineOutputFlag() bool {
+func ErrorOutput(errResult error, override string, outputFormat string) {
+	type errOutput struct {
+		Error string `json:"error"`
+	}
+
+	SuccessOutput(errOutput{errResult.Error()}, override, outputFormat)
+}
+
+func HasMachineOutputFlag() bool {
 	for _, arg := range os.Args {
-		if arg == outputFormatJSON || arg == outputFormatJSONLine || arg == outputFormatYAML {
+		if arg == "json" || arg == "json-line" || arg == "yaml" {
 			return true
 		}
 	}
@@ -322,3 +207,13 @@ func (t tokenAuth) GetRequestMetadata(
 func (tokenAuth) RequireTransportSecurity() bool {
 	return true
 }
+
+func contains[T string](ts []T, t T) bool {
+	for _, v := range ts {
+		if reflect.DeepEqual(v, t) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

cmd/headscale/cli/version.go

@@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
+var Version = "dev"
+
 func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(versionCmd)
-	versionCmd.Flags().StringP("output", "o", "", "Output format. Empty for human-readable, 'json', 'json-line' or 'yaml'")
 }
 
 var versionCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "version",
 	Short: "Print the version.",
 	Long:  "The version of headscale.",
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		info := types.GetVersionInfo()
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, info, info.String())
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+		SuccessOutput(map[string]string{"version": Version}, Version, output)
 	},
 }

cmd/headscale/headscale.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/jagottsicher/termcolor"
+	"github.com/efekarakus/termcolor"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/cmd/headscale/cli"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 
 func main() {
 	var colors bool
-
 	switch l := termcolor.SupportLevel(os.Stderr); l {
 	case termcolor.Level16M:
 		colors = true
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ func main() {
 
 	zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix
 	log.Logger = log.Output(zerolog.ConsoleWriter{
-		Out:        os.Stderr,
+		Out:        os.Stdout,
 		TimeFormat: time.RFC3339,
 		NoColor:    !colors,
 	})

cmd/headscale/headscale_test.go

@@ -4,20 +4,39 @@ import (
 	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
+	"github.com/juanfont/headscale"
 	"github.com/spf13/viper"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"gopkg.in/check.v1"
 )
 
-func TestConfigFileLoading(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+func Test(t *testing.T) {
+	check.TestingT(t)
+}
+
+var _ = check.Suite(&Suite{})
+
+type Suite struct{}
+
+func (s *Suite) SetUpSuite(c *check.C) {
+}
+
+func (s *Suite) TearDownSuite(c *check.C) {
+}
+
+func (*Suite) TestConfigFileLoading(c *check.C) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "headscale")
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 
 	path, err := os.Getwd()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Fatal(err)
+	}
 
 	cfgFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.yaml")
 
@@ -26,52 +45,162 @@ func TestConfigFileLoading(t *testing.T) {
 		filepath.Clean(path+"/../../config-example.yaml"),
 		cfgFile,
 	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Fatal(err)
+	}
 
 	// Load example config, it should load without validation errors
-	err = types.LoadConfig(cfgFile, true)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	err = headscale.LoadConfig(cfgFile, true)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 
 	// Test that config file was interpreted correctly
-	assert.Equal(t, "http://127.0.0.1:8080", viper.GetString("server_url"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1:8080", viper.GetString("listen_addr"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1:9090", viper.GetString("metrics_listen_addr"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "sqlite", viper.GetString("database.type"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "/var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite", viper.GetString("database.sqlite.path"))
-	assert.Empty(t, viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_hostname"))
-	assert.Equal(t, ":http", viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_listen"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "HTTP-01", viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type"))
-	assert.Equal(t, fs.FileMode(0o770), util.GetFileMode("unix_socket_permission"))
-	assert.False(t, viper.GetBool("logtail.enabled"))
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("server_url"), check.Equals, "http://127.0.0.1:8080")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("listen_addr"), check.Equals, "0.0.0.0:8080")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("metrics_listen_addr"), check.Equals, "127.0.0.1:9090")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("db_type"), check.Equals, "sqlite3")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("db_path"), check.Equals, "/var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_hostname"), check.Equals, "")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_listen"), check.Equals, ":http")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type"), check.Equals, "HTTP-01")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetStringSlice("dns_config.nameservers")[0], check.Equals, "1.1.1.1")
+	c.Assert(
+		headscale.GetFileMode("unix_socket_permission"),
+		check.Equals,
+		fs.FileMode(0o770),
+	)
+	c.Assert(viper.GetBool("logtail.enabled"), check.Equals, false)
 }
 
-func TestConfigLoading(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+func (*Suite) TestConfigLoading(c *check.C) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "headscale")
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 
 	path, err := os.Getwd()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Fatal(err)
+	}
 
 	// Symlink the example config file
 	err = os.Symlink(
 		filepath.Clean(path+"/../../config-example.yaml"),
 		filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.yaml"),
 	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Fatal(err)
+	}
 
 	// Load example config, it should load without validation errors
-	err = types.LoadConfig(tmpDir, false)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	err = headscale.LoadConfig(tmpDir, false)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 
 	// Test that config file was interpreted correctly
-	assert.Equal(t, "http://127.0.0.1:8080", viper.GetString("server_url"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1:8080", viper.GetString("listen_addr"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1:9090", viper.GetString("metrics_listen_addr"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "sqlite", viper.GetString("database.type"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "/var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite", viper.GetString("database.sqlite.path"))
-	assert.Empty(t, viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_hostname"))
-	assert.Equal(t, ":http", viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_listen"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "HTTP-01", viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type"))
-	assert.Equal(t, fs.FileMode(0o770), util.GetFileMode("unix_socket_permission"))
-	assert.False(t, viper.GetBool("logtail.enabled"))
-	assert.False(t, viper.GetBool("randomize_client_port"))
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("server_url"), check.Equals, "http://127.0.0.1:8080")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("listen_addr"), check.Equals, "0.0.0.0:8080")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("metrics_listen_addr"), check.Equals, "127.0.0.1:9090")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("db_type"), check.Equals, "sqlite3")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("db_path"), check.Equals, "/var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_hostname"), check.Equals, "")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_listen"), check.Equals, ":http")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type"), check.Equals, "HTTP-01")
+	c.Assert(viper.GetStringSlice("dns_config.nameservers")[0], check.Equals, "1.1.1.1")
+	c.Assert(
+		headscale.GetFileMode("unix_socket_permission"),
+		check.Equals,
+		fs.FileMode(0o770),
+	)
+	c.Assert(viper.GetBool("logtail.enabled"), check.Equals, false)
+	c.Assert(viper.GetBool("randomize_client_port"), check.Equals, false)
+}
+
+func (*Suite) TestDNSConfigLoading(c *check.C) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "headscale")
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	path, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Symlink the example config file
+	err = os.Symlink(
+		filepath.Clean(path+"/../../config-example.yaml"),
+		filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.yaml"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Load example config, it should load without validation errors
+	err = headscale.LoadConfig(tmpDir, false)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
+
+	dnsConfig, baseDomain := headscale.GetDNSConfig()
+
+	c.Assert(dnsConfig.Nameservers[0].String(), check.Equals, "1.1.1.1")
+	c.Assert(dnsConfig.Resolvers[0].Addr, check.Equals, "1.1.1.1")
+	c.Assert(dnsConfig.Proxied, check.Equals, true)
+	c.Assert(baseDomain, check.Equals, "example.com")
+}
+
+func writeConfig(c *check.C, tmpDir string, configYaml []byte) {
+	// Populate a custom config file
+	configFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.yaml")
+	err := os.WriteFile(configFile, configYaml, 0o600)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Fatalf("Couldn't write file %s", configFile)
+	}
+}
+
+func (*Suite) TestTLSConfigValidation(c *check.C) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "headscale")
+	if err != nil {
+		c.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	configYaml := []byte(`---
+tls_letsencrypt_hostname: example.com
+tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type: ""
+tls_cert_path: abc.pem
+noise:
+  private_key_path: noise_private.key`)
+	writeConfig(c, tmpDir, configYaml)
+
+	// Check configuration validation errors (1)
+	err = headscale.LoadConfig(tmpDir, false)
+	c.Assert(err, check.NotNil)
+	// check.Matches can not handle multiline strings
+	tmp := strings.ReplaceAll(err.Error(), "\n", "***")
+	c.Assert(
+		tmp,
+		check.Matches,
+		".*Fatal config error: set either tls_letsencrypt_hostname or tls_cert_path/tls_key_path, not both.*",
+	)
+	c.Assert(
+		tmp,
+		check.Matches,
+		".*Fatal config error: the only supported values for tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type are.*",
+	)
+	c.Assert(
+		tmp,
+		check.Matches,
+		".*Fatal config error: server_url must start with https:// or http://.*",
+	)
+
+	// Check configuration validation errors (2)
+	configYaml = []byte(`---
+noise:
+  private_key_path: noise_private.key
+server_url: http://127.0.0.1:8080
+tls_letsencrypt_hostname: example.com
+tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type: TLS-ALPN-01
+`)
+	writeConfig(c, tmpDir, configYaml)
+	err = headscale.LoadConfig(tmpDir, false)
+	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
 }

cmd/hi/README.md

@@ -1,262 +0,0 @@
-# hi — Headscale Integration test runner
-
-`hi` wraps Docker container orchestration around the tests in
-[`../../integration`](../../integration) and extracts debugging artefacts
-(logs, database snapshots, MapResponse protocol captures) for post-mortem
-analysis.
-
-**Read this file in full before running any `hi` command.** The test
-runner has sharp edges — wrong flags produce stale containers, lost
-artefacts, or hung CI.
-
-For test-authoring patterns (scenario setup, `EventuallyWithT`,
-`IntegrationSkip`, helper variants), read
-[`../../integration/README.md`](../../integration/README.md).
-
-## Quick Start
-
-```bash
-# Verify system requirements (Docker, Go, disk space, images)
-go run ./cmd/hi doctor
-
-# Run a single test (the default flags are tuned for development)
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestPingAllByIP"
-
-# Run a database-heavy test against PostgreSQL
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestExpireNode" --postgres
-
-# Pattern matching
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestSubnet*"
-```
-
-Run `doctor` before the first `run` in any new environment. Tests
-generate ~100 MB of logs per run in `control_logs/`; `doctor` verifies
-there is enough space and that the required Docker images are available.
-
-## Commands
-
-| Command            | Purpose                                              |
-| ------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------- |
-| `run [pattern]`    | Execute the test(s) matching `pattern`               |
-| `doctor`           | Verify system requirements                           |
-| `clean networks`   | Prune unused Docker networks                         |
-| `clean images`     | Clean old test images                                |
-| `clean containers` | Kill **all** test containers (dangerous — see below) |
-| `clean cache`      | Clean Go module cache volume                         |
-| `clean all`        | Run all cleanup operations                           |
-
-## Flags
-
-Defaults are tuned for single-test development runs. Review before
-changing.
-
-| Flag                | Default        | Purpose                                                                     |
-| ------------------- | -------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `--timeout`         | `120m`         | Total test timeout. Use the built-in flag — never wrap with bash `timeout`. |
-| `--postgres`        | `false`        | Use PostgreSQL instead of SQLite                                            |
-| `--failfast`        | `true`         | Stop on first test failure                                                  |
-| `--go-version`      | auto           | Detected from `go.mod` (currently 1.26.1)                                   |
-| `--clean-before`    | `true`         | Clean stale (stopped/exited) containers before starting                     |
-| `--clean-after`     | `true`         | Clean this run's containers after completion                                |
-| `--keep-on-failure` | `false`        | Preserve containers for manual inspection on failure                        |
-| `--logs-dir`        | `control_logs` | Where to save run artefacts                                                 |
-| `--verbose`         | `false`        | Verbose output                                                              |
-| `--stats`           | `false`        | Collect container resource-usage stats                                      |
-| `--hs-memory-limit` | `0`            | Fail if any headscale container exceeds N MB (0 = disabled)                 |
-| `--ts-memory-limit` | `0`            | Fail if any tailscale container exceeds N MB                                |
-
-### Timeout guidance
-
-The default `120m` is generous for a single test. If you must tune it,
-these are realistic floors by category:
-
-| Test type                 | Minimum     | Examples                              |
-| ------------------------- | ----------- | ------------------------------------- |
-| Basic functionality / CLI | 900s (15m)  | `TestPingAllByIP`, `TestCLI*`         |
-| Route / ACL               | 1200s (20m) | `TestSubnet*`, `TestACL*`             |
-| HA / failover             | 1800s (30m) | `TestHASubnetRouter*`                 |
-| Long-running              | 2100s (35m) | `TestNodeOnlineStatus` (~12 min body) |
-| Full suite                | 45m         | `go test ./integration -timeout 45m`  |
-
-**Never** use the shell `timeout` command around `hi`. It kills the
-process mid-cleanup and leaves stale containers:
-
-```bash
-timeout 300 go run ./cmd/hi run "TestName"   # WRONG — orphaned containers
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestName" --timeout=900s  # correct
-```
-
-## Concurrent Execution
-
-Multiple `hi run` invocations can run simultaneously on the same Docker
-daemon. Each invocation gets a unique **Run ID** (format
-`YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS-6charhash`, e.g. `20260409-104215-mdjtzx`).
-
-- **Container names** include the short run ID: `ts-mdjtzx-1-74-fgdyls`
-- **Docker labels**: `hi.run-id={runID}` on every container
-- **Port allocation**: dynamic — kernel assigns free ports, no conflicts
-- **Cleanup isolation**: each run cleans only its own containers
-- **Log directories**: `control_logs/{runID}/`
-
-```bash
-# Start three tests in parallel — each gets its own run ID
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestPingAllByIP" &
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestACLAllowUserDst" &
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestOIDCAuthenticationPingAll" &
-```
-
-### Safety rules for concurrent runs
-
-- ✅ Your run cleans only containers labelled with its own `hi.run-id`
-- ✅ `--clean-before` removes only stopped/exited containers
-- ❌ **Never** run `docker rm -f $(docker ps -q --filter name=hs-)` —
-  this destroys other agents' live test sessions
-- ❌ **Never** run `docker system prune -f` while any tests are running
-- ❌ **Never** run `hi clean containers` / `hi clean all` while other
-  tests are running — both kill all test containers on the daemon
-
-To identify your own containers:
-
-```bash
-docker ps --filter "label=hi.run-id=20260409-104215-mdjtzx"
-```
-
-The run ID appears at the top of the `hi run` output — copy it from
-there rather than trying to reconstruct it.
-
-## Artefacts
-
-Every run saves debugging artefacts under `control_logs/{runID}/`:
-
-```
-control_logs/20260409-104215-mdjtzx/
-├── hs-<test>-<hash>.stderr.log        # headscale server errors
-├── hs-<test>-<hash>.stdout.log        # headscale server output
-├── hs-<test>-<hash>.db                # database snapshot (SQLite)
-├── hs-<test>-<hash>_metrics.txt       # Prometheus metrics dump
-├── hs-<test>-<hash>-mapresponses/     # MapResponse protocol captures
-├── ts-<client>-<hash>.stderr.log      # tailscale client errors
-├── ts-<client>-<hash>.stdout.log      # tailscale client output
-└── ts-<client>-<hash>_status.json     # client network-status dump
-```
-
-Artefacts persist after cleanup. Old runs accumulate fast — delete
-unwanted directories to reclaim disk.
-
-## Debugging workflow
-
-When a test fails, read the artefacts **in this order**:
-
-1. **`hs-*.stderr.log`** — headscale server errors, panics, policy
-   evaluation failures. Most issues originate server-side.
-
-   ```bash
-   grep -E "ERROR|panic|FATAL" control_logs/*/hs-*.stderr.log
-   ```
-
-2. **`ts-*.stderr.log`** — authentication failures, connectivity issues,
-   DNS resolution problems on the client side.
-
-3. **MapResponse JSON** in `hs-*-mapresponses/` — protocol-level
-   debugging for network map generation, peer visibility, route
-   distribution, policy evaluation results.
-
-   ```bash
-   ls control_logs/*/hs-*-mapresponses/
-   jq '.Peers[] | {Name, Tags, PrimaryRoutes}' \
-       control_logs/*/hs-*-mapresponses/001.json
-   ```
-
-4. **`*_status.json`** — client peer-connectivity state.
-
-5. **`hs-*.db`** — SQLite snapshot for post-mortem consistency checks.
-
-   ```bash
-   sqlite3 control_logs/<runID>/hs-*.db
-   sqlite> .tables
-   sqlite> .schema nodes
-   sqlite> SELECT id, hostname, user_id, tags FROM nodes WHERE hostname LIKE '%problematic%';
-   ```
-
-6. **`*_metrics.txt`** — Prometheus dumps for latency, NodeStore
-   operation timing, database query performance, memory usage.
-
-## Heuristic: infrastructure vs code
-
-**Before blaming Docker, disk, or network: read `hs-*.stderr.log` in
-full.** In practice, well over 99% of failures are code bugs (policy
-evaluation, NodeStore sync, route approval) rather than infrastructure.
-
-Actual infrastructure failures have signature error messages:
-
-| Signature                                                       | Cause                     | Fix                                                           |
-| --------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `failed to resolve "hs-...": no DNS fallback candidates remain` | Docker DNS                | Reset Docker networking                                       |
-| `container creation timeout`, no progress >2 min                | Resource exhaustion       | `docker system prune -f` (when no other tests running), retry |
-| OOM kills, slow Docker daemon                                   | Too many concurrent tests | Reduce concurrency, wait for completion                       |
-| `no space left on device`                                       | Disk full                 | Delete old `control_logs/`                                    |
-
-If you don't see a signature error, **assume it's a code regression** —
-do not retry hoping the flake goes away.
-
-## Common failure patterns (code bugs)
-
-### Route advertisement timing
-
-Test asserts route state before the client has finished propagating its
-Hostinfo update. Symptom: `nodes[0].GetAvailableRoutes()` empty when
-the test expects a route.
-
-- **Wrong fix**: `time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)` — fragile and slow.
-- **Right fix**: wrap the assertion in `EventuallyWithT`. See
-  [`../../integration/README.md`](../../integration/README.md).
-
-### NodeStore sync issues
-
-Route changes not reflected in the NodeStore snapshot. Symptom: route
-advertisements in logs but no tracking updates in subsequent reads.
-
-The sync point is `State.UpdateNodeFromMapRequest()` in
-`hscontrol/state/state.go`. If you added a new kind of client state
-update, make sure it lands here.
-
-### HA failover: routes disappearing on disconnect
-
-`TestHASubnetRouterFailover` fails because approved routes vanish when
-a subnet router goes offline. **This is a bug, not expected behaviour.**
-Route approval must not be coupled to client connectivity — routes
-stay approved; only the primary-route selection is affected by
-connectivity.
-
-### Policy evaluation race
-
-Symptom: tests that change policy and immediately assert peer visibility
-fail intermittently. Policy changes trigger async recomputation.
-
-- See recent fixes in `git log -- hscontrol/state/` for examples (e.g.
-  the `PolicyChange` trigger on every Connect/Disconnect).
-
-### SQLite vs PostgreSQL timing differences
-
-Some race conditions only surface on one backend. If a test is flaky,
-try the other backend with `--postgres`:
-
-```bash
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestName" --postgres --verbose
-```
-
-PostgreSQL generally has more consistent timing; SQLite can expose
-races during rapid writes.
-
-## Keeping containers for inspection
-
-If you need to inspect a failed test's state manually:
-
-```bash
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestName" --keep-on-failure
-# containers survive — inspect them
-docker exec -it ts-<runID>-<...> /bin/sh
-docker logs hs-<runID>-<...>
-# clean up manually when done
-go run ./cmd/hi clean all   # only when no other tests are running
-```

cmd/hi/cleanup.go

@@ -1,431 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/errdefs"
-)
-
-// cleanupBeforeTest performs cleanup operations before running tests.
-// Only removes stale (stopped/exited) test containers to avoid interfering with concurrent test runs.
-func cleanupBeforeTest(ctx context.Context) error {
-	err := cleanupStaleTestContainers(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cleaning stale test containers: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := pruneDockerNetworks(ctx); err != nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-		return fmt.Errorf("pruning networks: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// cleanupAfterTest removes the test container and all associated integration test containers for the run.
-func cleanupAfterTest(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID, runID string) error {
-	// Remove the main test container
-	err := cli.ContainerRemove(ctx, containerID, container.RemoveOptions{
-		Force: true,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("removing test container: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Clean up integration test containers for this run only
-	if runID != "" {
-		err := killTestContainersByRunID(ctx, runID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("cleaning up containers for run %s: %w", runID, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// killTestContainers terminates and removes all test containers.
-func killTestContainers(ctx context.Context) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer cli.Close()
-
-	containers, err := cli.ContainerList(ctx, container.ListOptions{
-		All: true,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listing containers: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	removed := 0
-
-	for _, cont := range containers {
-		shouldRemove := false
-
-		for _, name := range cont.Names {
-			if strings.Contains(name, "headscale-test-suite") ||
-				strings.Contains(name, "hs-") ||
-				strings.Contains(name, "ts-") ||
-				strings.Contains(name, "derp-") {
-				shouldRemove = true
-				break
-			}
-		}
-
-		if shouldRemove {
-			// First kill the container if it's running
-			if cont.State == "running" {
-				_ = cli.ContainerKill(ctx, cont.ID, "KILL")
-			}
-
-			// Then remove the container with retry logic
-			if removeContainerWithRetry(ctx, cli, cont.ID) {
-				removed++
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if removed > 0 {
-		fmt.Printf("Removed %d test containers\n", removed)
-	} else {
-		fmt.Println("No test containers found to remove")
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// killTestContainersByRunID terminates and removes all test containers for a specific run ID.
-// This function filters containers by the hi.run-id label to only affect containers
-// belonging to the specified test run, leaving other concurrent test runs untouched.
-func killTestContainersByRunID(ctx context.Context, runID string) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer cli.Close()
-
-	// Filter containers by hi.run-id label
-	containers, err := cli.ContainerList(ctx, container.ListOptions{
-		All: true,
-		Filters: filters.NewArgs(
-			filters.Arg("label", "hi.run-id="+runID),
-		),
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listing containers for run %s: %w", runID, err)
-	}
-
-	removed := 0
-
-	for _, cont := range containers {
-		// Kill the container if it's running
-		if cont.State == "running" {
-			_ = cli.ContainerKill(ctx, cont.ID, "KILL")
-		}
-
-		// Remove the container with retry logic
-		if removeContainerWithRetry(ctx, cli, cont.ID) {
-			removed++
-		}
-	}
-
-	if removed > 0 {
-		fmt.Printf("Removed %d containers for run ID %s\n", removed, runID)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// cleanupStaleTestContainers removes stopped/exited test containers without affecting running tests.
-// This is useful for cleaning up leftover containers from previous crashed or interrupted test runs
-// without interfering with currently running concurrent tests.
-func cleanupStaleTestContainers(ctx context.Context) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer cli.Close()
-
-	// Only get stopped/exited containers
-	containers, err := cli.ContainerList(ctx, container.ListOptions{
-		All: true,
-		Filters: filters.NewArgs(
-			filters.Arg("status", "exited"),
-			filters.Arg("status", "dead"),
-		),
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listing stopped containers: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	removed := 0
-
-	for _, cont := range containers {
-		// Only remove containers that look like test containers
-		shouldRemove := false
-
-		for _, name := range cont.Names {
-			if strings.Contains(name, "headscale-test-suite") ||
-				strings.Contains(name, "hs-") ||
-				strings.Contains(name, "ts-") ||
-				strings.Contains(name, "derp-") {
-				shouldRemove = true
-				break
-			}
-		}
-
-		if shouldRemove {
-			if removeContainerWithRetry(ctx, cli, cont.ID) {
-				removed++
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if removed > 0 {
-		fmt.Printf("Removed %d stale test containers\n", removed)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-const (
-	containerRemoveInitialInterval = 100 * time.Millisecond
-	containerRemoveMaxElapsedTime  = 2 * time.Second
-)
-
-// removeContainerWithRetry attempts to remove a container with exponential backoff retry logic.
-func removeContainerWithRetry(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID string) bool {
-	expBackoff := backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()
-	expBackoff.InitialInterval = containerRemoveInitialInterval
-
-	_, err := backoff.Retry(ctx, func() (struct{}, error) {
-		err := cli.ContainerRemove(ctx, containerID, container.RemoveOptions{
-			Force: true,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return struct{}{}, err
-		}
-
-		return struct{}{}, nil
-	}, backoff.WithBackOff(expBackoff), backoff.WithMaxElapsedTime(containerRemoveMaxElapsedTime))
-
-	return err == nil
-}
-
-// pruneDockerNetworks removes unused Docker networks.
-func pruneDockerNetworks(ctx context.Context) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer cli.Close()
-
-	report, err := cli.NetworksPrune(ctx, filters.Args{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("pruning networks: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if len(report.NetworksDeleted) > 0 {
-		fmt.Printf("Removed %d unused networks\n", len(report.NetworksDeleted))
-	} else {
-		fmt.Println("No unused networks found to remove")
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// cleanOldImages removes test-related and old dangling Docker images.
-func cleanOldImages(ctx context.Context) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer cli.Close()
-
-	images, err := cli.ImageList(ctx, image.ListOptions{
-		All: true,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listing images: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	removed := 0
-
-	for _, img := range images {
-		shouldRemove := false
-
-		for _, tag := range img.RepoTags {
-			if strings.Contains(tag, "hs-") ||
-				strings.Contains(tag, "headscale-integration") ||
-				strings.Contains(tag, "tailscale") {
-				shouldRemove = true
-				break
-			}
-		}
-
-		if len(img.RepoTags) == 0 && time.Unix(img.Created, 0).Before(time.Now().Add(-7*24*time.Hour)) {
-			shouldRemove = true
-		}
-
-		if shouldRemove {
-			_, err := cli.ImageRemove(ctx, img.ID, image.RemoveOptions{
-				Force: true,
-			})
-			if err == nil {
-				removed++
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if removed > 0 {
-		fmt.Printf("Removed %d test images\n", removed)
-	} else {
-		fmt.Println("No test images found to remove")
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// cleanCacheVolume removes the Docker volume used for Go module cache.
-func cleanCacheVolume(ctx context.Context) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer cli.Close()
-
-	volumeName := "hs-integration-go-cache"
-
-	err = cli.VolumeRemove(ctx, volumeName, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errdefs.IsNotFound(err) { //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: deprecated but functional
-			fmt.Printf("Go module cache volume not found: %s\n", volumeName)
-		} else if errdefs.IsConflict(err) { //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: deprecated but functional
-			fmt.Printf("Go module cache volume is in use and cannot be removed: %s\n", volumeName)
-		} else {
-			fmt.Printf("Failed to remove Go module cache volume %s: %v\n", volumeName, err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		fmt.Printf("Removed Go module cache volume: %s\n", volumeName)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// cleanupSuccessfulTestArtifacts removes artifacts from successful test runs to save disk space.
-// This function removes large artifacts that are mainly useful for debugging failures:
-// - Database dumps (.db files)
-// - Profile data (pprof directories)
-// - MapResponse data (mapresponses directories)
-// - Prometheus metrics files
-//
-// It preserves:
-// - Log files (.log) which are small and useful for verification.
-func cleanupSuccessfulTestArtifacts(logsDir string, verbose bool) error {
-	entries, err := os.ReadDir(logsDir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("reading logs directory: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var (
-		removedFiles, removedDirs int
-		totalSize                 int64
-	)
-
-	for _, entry := range entries {
-		name := entry.Name()
-		fullPath := filepath.Join(logsDir, name)
-
-		if entry.IsDir() {
-			// Remove pprof and mapresponses directories (typically large)
-			// These directories contain artifacts from all containers in the test run
-			if name == "pprof" || name == "mapresponses" {
-				size, sizeErr := getDirSize(fullPath)
-				if sizeErr == nil {
-					totalSize += size
-				}
-
-				err := os.RemoveAll(fullPath)
-				if err != nil {
-					if verbose {
-						log.Printf("Warning: failed to remove directory %s: %v", name, err)
-					}
-				} else {
-					removedDirs++
-
-					if verbose {
-						log.Printf("Removed directory: %s/", name)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			// Only process test-related files (headscale and tailscale)
-			if !strings.HasPrefix(name, "hs-") && !strings.HasPrefix(name, "ts-") {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			// Remove database, metrics, and status files, but keep logs
-			shouldRemove := strings.HasSuffix(name, ".db") ||
-				strings.HasSuffix(name, "_metrics.txt") ||
-				strings.HasSuffix(name, "_status.json")
-
-			if shouldRemove {
-				info, infoErr := entry.Info()
-				if infoErr == nil {
-					totalSize += info.Size()
-				}
-
-				err := os.Remove(fullPath)
-				if err != nil {
-					if verbose {
-						log.Printf("Warning: failed to remove file %s: %v", name, err)
-					}
-				} else {
-					removedFiles++
-
-					if verbose {
-						log.Printf("Removed file: %s", name)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if removedFiles > 0 || removedDirs > 0 {
-		const bytesPerMB = 1024 * 1024
-		log.Printf("Cleaned up %d files and %d directories (freed ~%.2f MB)",
-			removedFiles, removedDirs, float64(totalSize)/bytesPerMB)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// getDirSize calculates the total size of a directory.
-func getDirSize(path string) (int64, error) {
-	var size int64
-
-	err := filepath.Walk(path, func(_ string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if !info.IsDir() {
-			size += info.Size()
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	})
-
-	return size, err
-}

cmd/hi/docker.go

@@ -1,807 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/mount"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/stdcopy"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/integration/dockertestutil"
-)
-
-const defaultDirPerm = 0o755
-
-var (
-	ErrTestFailed              = errors.New("test failed")
-	ErrUnexpectedContainerWait = errors.New("unexpected end of container wait")
-	ErrNoDockerContext         = errors.New("no docker context found")
-	ErrMemoryLimitViolations   = errors.New("container(s) exceeded memory limits")
-)
-
-// runTestContainer executes integration tests in a Docker container.
-//
-//nolint:gocyclo // complex test orchestration function
-func runTestContainer(ctx context.Context, config *RunConfig) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer cli.Close()
-
-	runID := dockertestutil.GenerateRunID()
-	containerName := "headscale-test-suite-" + runID
-	logsDir := filepath.Join(config.LogsDir, runID)
-
-	if config.Verbose {
-		log.Printf("Run ID: %s", runID)
-		log.Printf("Container name: %s", containerName)
-		log.Printf("Logs directory: %s", logsDir)
-	}
-
-	absLogsDir, err := filepath.Abs(logsDir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("getting absolute path for logs directory: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	const dirPerm = 0o755
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(absLogsDir, dirPerm); err != nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating logs directory: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if config.CleanBefore {
-		if config.Verbose {
-			log.Printf("Running pre-test cleanup...")
-		}
-
-		err := cleanupBeforeTest(ctx)
-		if err != nil && config.Verbose {
-			log.Printf("Warning: pre-test cleanup failed: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	goTestCmd := buildGoTestCommand(config)
-	if config.Verbose {
-		log.Printf("Command: %s", strings.Join(goTestCmd, " "))
-	}
-
-	imageName := "golang:" + config.GoVersion
-	if err := ensureImageAvailable(ctx, cli, imageName, config.Verbose); err != nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-		return fmt.Errorf("ensuring image availability: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	resp, err := createGoTestContainer(ctx, cli, config, containerName, absLogsDir, goTestCmd)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating container: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if config.Verbose {
-		log.Printf("Created container: %s", resp.ID)
-	}
-
-	if err := cli.ContainerStart(ctx, resp.ID, container.StartOptions{}); err != nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-		return fmt.Errorf("starting container: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("Starting test: %s", config.TestPattern)
-	log.Printf("Run ID: %s", runID)
-	log.Printf("Monitor with: docker logs -f %s", containerName)
-	log.Printf("Logs directory: %s", logsDir)
-
-	// Start stats collection for container resource monitoring (if enabled)
-	var statsCollector *StatsCollector
-
-	if config.Stats {
-		var err error
-
-		statsCollector, err = NewStatsCollector(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			if config.Verbose {
-				log.Printf("Warning: failed to create stats collector: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			statsCollector = nil
-		}
-
-		if statsCollector != nil {
-			defer statsCollector.Close()
-
-			// Start stats collection immediately - no need for complex retry logic
-			// The new implementation monitors Docker events and will catch containers as they start
-			err := statsCollector.StartCollection(ctx, runID, config.Verbose)
-			if err != nil {
-				if config.Verbose {
-					log.Printf("Warning: failed to start stats collection: %v", err)
-				}
-			}
-			defer statsCollector.StopCollection()
-		}
-	}
-
-	exitCode, err := streamAndWait(ctx, cli, resp.ID)
-
-	// Ensure all containers have finished and logs are flushed before extracting artifacts
-	waitErr := waitForContainerFinalization(ctx, cli, resp.ID, config.Verbose)
-	if waitErr != nil && config.Verbose {
-		log.Printf("Warning: failed to wait for container finalization: %v", waitErr)
-	}
-
-	// Extract artifacts from test containers before cleanup
-	if err := extractArtifactsFromContainers(ctx, resp.ID, logsDir, config.Verbose); err != nil && config.Verbose { //nolint:noinlineerr
-		log.Printf("Warning: failed to extract artifacts from containers: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Always list control files regardless of test outcome
-	listControlFiles(logsDir)
-
-	// Print stats summary and check memory limits if enabled
-	if config.Stats && statsCollector != nil {
-		violations := statsCollector.PrintSummaryAndCheckLimits(config.HSMemoryLimit, config.TSMemoryLimit)
-		if len(violations) > 0 {
-			log.Printf("MEMORY LIMIT VIOLATIONS DETECTED:")
-			log.Printf("=================================")
-
-			for _, violation := range violations {
-				log.Printf("Container %s exceeded memory limit: %.1f MB > %.1f MB",
-					violation.ContainerName, violation.MaxMemoryMB, violation.LimitMB)
-			}
-
-			return fmt.Errorf("test failed: %d %w", len(violations), ErrMemoryLimitViolations)
-		}
-	}
-
-	shouldCleanup := config.CleanAfter && (!config.KeepOnFailure || exitCode == 0)
-	if shouldCleanup {
-		if config.Verbose {
-			log.Printf("Running post-test cleanup for run %s...", runID)
-		}
-
-		cleanErr := cleanupAfterTest(ctx, cli, resp.ID, runID)
-
-		if cleanErr != nil && config.Verbose {
-			log.Printf("Warning: post-test cleanup failed: %v", cleanErr)
-		}
-
-		// Clean up artifacts from successful tests to save disk space in CI
-		if exitCode == 0 {
-			if config.Verbose {
-				log.Printf("Test succeeded, cleaning up artifacts to save disk space...")
-			}
-
-			cleanErr := cleanupSuccessfulTestArtifacts(logsDir, config.Verbose)
-
-			if cleanErr != nil && config.Verbose {
-				log.Printf("Warning: artifact cleanup failed: %v", cleanErr)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("executing test: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if exitCode != 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: exit code %d", ErrTestFailed, exitCode)
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("Test completed successfully!")
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// buildGoTestCommand constructs the go test command arguments.
-func buildGoTestCommand(config *RunConfig) []string {
-	cmd := []string{"go", "test", "./..."}
-
-	if config.TestPattern != "" {
-		cmd = append(cmd, "-run", config.TestPattern)
-	}
-
-	if config.FailFast {
-		cmd = append(cmd, "-failfast")
-	}
-
-	cmd = append(cmd, "-timeout", config.Timeout.String())
-	cmd = append(cmd, "-v")
-
-	return cmd
-}
-
-// createGoTestContainer creates a Docker container configured for running integration tests.
-func createGoTestContainer(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, config *RunConfig, containerName, logsDir string, goTestCmd []string) (container.CreateResponse, error) {
-	pwd, err := os.Getwd()
-	if err != nil {
-		return container.CreateResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("getting working directory: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	projectRoot := findProjectRoot(pwd)
-
-	runID := dockertestutil.ExtractRunIDFromContainerName(containerName)
-
-	env := []string{
-		fmt.Sprintf("HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_POSTGRES=%d", boolToInt(config.UsePostgres)),
-		"HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_RUN_ID=" + runID,
-	}
-
-	// Pass through CI environment variable for CI detection
-	if ci := os.Getenv("CI"); ci != "" {
-		env = append(env, "CI="+ci)
-	}
-
-	// Pass through all HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_* environment variables
-	for _, e := range os.Environ() {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(e, "HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_") {
-			// Skip the ones we already set explicitly
-			if strings.HasPrefix(e, "HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_POSTGRES=") ||
-				strings.HasPrefix(e, "HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_RUN_ID=") {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			env = append(env, e)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Set GOCACHE to a known location (used by both bind mount and volume cases)
-	env = append(env, "GOCACHE=/cache/go-build")
-
-	containerConfig := &container.Config{
-		Image:      "golang:" + config.GoVersion,
-		Cmd:        goTestCmd,
-		Env:        env,
-		WorkingDir: projectRoot + "/integration",
-		Tty:        true,
-		Labels: map[string]string{
-			"hi.run-id":    runID,
-			"hi.test-type": "test-runner",
-		},
-	}
-
-	// Get the correct Docker socket path from the current context
-	dockerSocketPath := getDockerSocketPath()
-
-	if config.Verbose {
-		log.Printf("Using Docker socket: %s", dockerSocketPath)
-	}
-
-	binds := []string{
-		fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", projectRoot, projectRoot),
-		dockerSocketPath + ":/var/run/docker.sock",
-		logsDir + ":/tmp/control",
-	}
-
-	// Use bind mounts for Go cache if provided via environment variables,
-	// otherwise fall back to Docker volumes for local development
-	var mounts []mount.Mount
-
-	goCache := os.Getenv("HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_GO_CACHE")
-	goBuildCache := os.Getenv("HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_GO_BUILD_CACHE")
-
-	if goCache != "" {
-		binds = append(binds, goCache+":/go")
-	} else {
-		mounts = append(mounts, mount.Mount{
-			Type:   mount.TypeVolume,
-			Source: "hs-integration-go-cache",
-			Target: "/go",
-		})
-	}
-
-	if goBuildCache != "" {
-		binds = append(binds, goBuildCache+":/cache/go-build")
-	} else {
-		mounts = append(mounts, mount.Mount{
-			Type:   mount.TypeVolume,
-			Source: "hs-integration-go-build-cache",
-			Target: "/cache/go-build",
-		})
-	}
-
-	hostConfig := &container.HostConfig{
-		AutoRemove: false, // We'll remove manually for better control
-		Binds:      binds,
-		Mounts:     mounts,
-	}
-
-	return cli.ContainerCreate(ctx, containerConfig, hostConfig, nil, nil, containerName)
-}
-
-// streamAndWait streams container output and waits for completion.
-func streamAndWait(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID string) (int, error) {
-	out, err := cli.ContainerLogs(ctx, containerID, container.LogsOptions{
-		ShowStdout: true,
-		ShowStderr: true,
-		Follow:     true,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return -1, fmt.Errorf("getting container logs: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer out.Close()
-
-	go func() {
-		_, _ = io.Copy(os.Stdout, out)
-	}()
-
-	statusCh, errCh := cli.ContainerWait(ctx, containerID, container.WaitConditionNotRunning)
-	select {
-	case err := <-errCh:
-		if err != nil {
-			return -1, fmt.Errorf("waiting for container: %w", err)
-		}
-	case status := <-statusCh:
-		return int(status.StatusCode), nil
-	}
-
-	return -1, ErrUnexpectedContainerWait
-}
-
-// waitForContainerFinalization ensures all test containers have properly finished and flushed their output.
-func waitForContainerFinalization(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, testContainerID string, verbose bool) error {
-	// First, get all related test containers
-	containers, err := cli.ContainerList(ctx, container.ListOptions{All: true})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listing containers: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	testContainers := getCurrentTestContainers(containers, testContainerID, verbose)
-
-	// Wait for all test containers to reach a final state
-	maxWaitTime := 10 * time.Second
-	checkInterval := 500 * time.Millisecond
-	timeout := time.After(maxWaitTime)
-
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(checkInterval)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-timeout:
-			if verbose {
-				log.Printf("Timeout waiting for container finalization, proceeding with artifact extraction")
-			}
-
-			return nil
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			allFinalized := true
-
-			for _, testCont := range testContainers {
-				inspect, err := cli.ContainerInspect(ctx, testCont.ID)
-				if err != nil {
-					if verbose {
-						log.Printf("Warning: failed to inspect container %s: %v", testCont.name, err)
-					}
-
-					continue
-				}
-
-				// Check if container is in a final state
-				if !isContainerFinalized(inspect.State) {
-					allFinalized = false
-
-					if verbose {
-						log.Printf("Container %s still finalizing (state: %s)", testCont.name, inspect.State.Status)
-					}
-
-					break
-				}
-			}
-
-			if allFinalized {
-				if verbose {
-					log.Printf("All test containers finalized, ready for artifact extraction")
-				}
-
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// isContainerFinalized checks if a container has reached a final state where logs are flushed.
-func isContainerFinalized(state *container.State) bool {
-	// Container is finalized if it's not running and has a finish time
-	return !state.Running && state.FinishedAt != ""
-}
-
-// findProjectRoot locates the project root by finding the directory containing go.mod.
-func findProjectRoot(startPath string) string {
-	current := startPath
-	for {
-		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(current, "go.mod")); err == nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-			return current
-		}
-
-		parent := filepath.Dir(current)
-		if parent == current {
-			return startPath
-		}
-
-		current = parent
-	}
-}
-
-// boolToInt converts a boolean to an integer for environment variables.
-func boolToInt(b bool) int {
-	if b {
-		return 1
-	}
-
-	return 0
-}
-
-// DockerContext represents Docker context information.
-type DockerContext struct {
-	Name      string         `json:"Name"`
-	Metadata  map[string]any `json:"Metadata"`
-	Endpoints map[string]any `json:"Endpoints"`
-	Current   bool           `json:"Current"`
-}
-
-// createDockerClient creates a Docker client with context detection.
-func createDockerClient(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error) {
-	contextInfo, err := getCurrentDockerContext(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return client.NewClientWithOpts(client.FromEnv, client.WithAPIVersionNegotiation())
-	}
-
-	var clientOpts []client.Opt
-
-	clientOpts = append(clientOpts, client.WithAPIVersionNegotiation())
-
-	if contextInfo != nil {
-		if endpoints, ok := contextInfo.Endpoints["docker"]; ok {
-			if endpointMap, ok := endpoints.(map[string]any); ok {
-				if host, ok := endpointMap["Host"].(string); ok {
-					if runConfig.Verbose {
-						log.Printf("Using Docker host from context '%s': %s", contextInfo.Name, host)
-					}
-
-					clientOpts = append(clientOpts, client.WithHost(host))
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(clientOpts) == 1 {
-		clientOpts = append(clientOpts, client.FromEnv)
-	}
-
-	return client.NewClientWithOpts(clientOpts...)
-}
-
-// getCurrentDockerContext retrieves the current Docker context information.
-func getCurrentDockerContext(ctx context.Context) (*DockerContext, error) {
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "docker", "context", "inspect")
-
-	output, err := cmd.Output()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting docker context: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var contexts []DockerContext
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(output, &contexts); err != nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing docker context: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if len(contexts) > 0 {
-		return &contexts[0], nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, ErrNoDockerContext
-}
-
-// getDockerSocketPath returns the correct Docker socket path for the current context.
-func getDockerSocketPath() string {
-	// Always use the default socket path for mounting since Docker handles
-	// the translation to the actual socket (e.g., colima socket) internally
-	return "/var/run/docker.sock"
-}
-
-// checkImageAvailableLocally checks if the specified Docker image is available locally.
-func checkImageAvailableLocally(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, imageName string) (bool, error) {
-	_, _, err := cli.ImageInspectWithRaw(ctx, imageName) //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: deprecated but functional
-	if err != nil {
-		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) { //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: deprecated but functional
-			return false, nil
-		}
-
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("inspecting image %s: %w", imageName, err)
-	}
-
-	return true, nil
-}
-
-// ensureImageAvailable checks if the image is available locally first, then pulls if needed.
-func ensureImageAvailable(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, imageName string, verbose bool) error {
-	// First check if image is available locally
-	available, err := checkImageAvailableLocally(ctx, cli, imageName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("checking local image availability: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if available {
-		if verbose {
-			log.Printf("Image %s is available locally", imageName)
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Image not available locally, try to pull it
-	if verbose {
-		log.Printf("Image %s not found locally, pulling...", imageName)
-	}
-
-	reader, err := cli.ImagePull(ctx, imageName, image.PullOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("pulling image %s: %w", imageName, err)
-	}
-	defer reader.Close()
-
-	if verbose {
-		_, err = io.Copy(os.Stdout, reader)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("reading pull output: %w", err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		_, err = io.Copy(io.Discard, reader)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("reading pull output: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		log.Printf("Image %s pulled successfully", imageName)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// listControlFiles displays the headscale test artifacts created in the control logs directory.
-func listControlFiles(logsDir string) {
-	entries, err := os.ReadDir(logsDir)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Printf("Logs directory: %s", logsDir)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var (
-		logFiles  []string
-		dataFiles []string
-		dataDirs  []string
-	)
-
-	for _, entry := range entries {
-		name := entry.Name()
-		// Only show headscale (hs-*) files and directories
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(name, "hs-") {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if entry.IsDir() {
-			// Include directories (pprof, mapresponses)
-			if strings.Contains(name, "-pprof") || strings.Contains(name, "-mapresponses") {
-				dataDirs = append(dataDirs, name)
-			}
-		} else {
-			// Include files
-			switch {
-			case strings.HasSuffix(name, ".stderr.log") || strings.HasSuffix(name, ".stdout.log"):
-				logFiles = append(logFiles, name)
-			case strings.HasSuffix(name, ".db"):
-				dataFiles = append(dataFiles, name)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("Test artifacts saved to: %s", logsDir)
-
-	if len(logFiles) > 0 {
-		log.Printf("Headscale logs:")
-
-		for _, file := range logFiles {
-			log.Printf("  %s", file)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(dataFiles) > 0 || len(dataDirs) > 0 {
-		log.Printf("Headscale data:")
-
-		for _, file := range dataFiles {
-			log.Printf("  %s", file)
-		}
-
-		for _, dir := range dataDirs {
-			log.Printf("  %s/", dir)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// extractArtifactsFromContainers collects container logs and files from the specific test run.
-func extractArtifactsFromContainers(ctx context.Context, testContainerID, logsDir string, verbose bool) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer cli.Close()
-
-	// List all containers
-	containers, err := cli.ContainerList(ctx, container.ListOptions{All: true})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listing containers: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Get containers from the specific test run
-	currentTestContainers := getCurrentTestContainers(containers, testContainerID, verbose)
-
-	extractedCount := 0
-
-	for _, cont := range currentTestContainers {
-		// Extract container logs and tar files
-		err := extractContainerArtifacts(ctx, cli, cont.ID, cont.name, logsDir, verbose)
-		if err != nil {
-			if verbose {
-				log.Printf("Warning: failed to extract artifacts from container %s (%s): %v", cont.name, cont.ID[:12], err)
-			}
-		} else {
-			if verbose {
-				log.Printf("Extracted artifacts from container %s (%s)", cont.name, cont.ID[:12])
-			}
-
-			extractedCount++
-		}
-	}
-
-	if verbose && extractedCount > 0 {
-		log.Printf("Extracted artifacts from %d containers", extractedCount)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// testContainer represents a container from the current test run.
-type testContainer struct {
-	ID   string
-	name string
-}
-
-// getCurrentTestContainers filters containers to only include those from the current test run.
-func getCurrentTestContainers(containers []container.Summary, testContainerID string, verbose bool) []testContainer {
-	var testRunContainers []testContainer
-
-	// Find the test container to get its run ID label
-	var runID string
-
-	for _, cont := range containers {
-		if cont.ID == testContainerID {
-			if cont.Labels != nil {
-				runID = cont.Labels["hi.run-id"]
-			}
-
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	if runID == "" {
-		log.Printf("Error: test container %s missing required hi.run-id label", testContainerID[:12])
-		return testRunContainers
-	}
-
-	if verbose {
-		log.Printf("Looking for containers with run ID: %s", runID)
-	}
-
-	// Find all containers with the same run ID
-	for _, cont := range containers {
-		for _, name := range cont.Names {
-			containerName := strings.TrimPrefix(name, "/")
-			if strings.HasPrefix(containerName, "hs-") || strings.HasPrefix(containerName, "ts-") {
-				// Check if container has matching run ID label
-				if cont.Labels != nil && cont.Labels["hi.run-id"] == runID {
-					testRunContainers = append(testRunContainers, testContainer{
-						ID:   cont.ID,
-						name: containerName,
-					})
-					if verbose {
-						log.Printf("Including container %s (run ID: %s)", containerName, runID)
-					}
-				}
-
-				break
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return testRunContainers
-}
-
-// extractContainerArtifacts saves logs and tar files from a container.
-func extractContainerArtifacts(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID, containerName, logsDir string, verbose bool) error {
-	// Ensure the logs directory exists
-	err := os.MkdirAll(logsDir, defaultDirPerm)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating logs directory: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Extract container logs
-	err = extractContainerLogs(ctx, cli, containerID, containerName, logsDir, verbose)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("extracting logs: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Extract tar files for headscale containers only
-	if strings.HasPrefix(containerName, "hs-") {
-		err := extractContainerFiles(ctx, cli, containerID, containerName, logsDir, verbose)
-		if err != nil {
-			if verbose {
-				log.Printf("Warning: failed to extract files from %s: %v", containerName, err)
-			}
-			// Don't fail the whole extraction if files are missing
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// extractContainerLogs saves the stdout and stderr logs from a container to files.
-func extractContainerLogs(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID, containerName, logsDir string, verbose bool) error {
-	// Get container logs
-	logReader, err := cli.ContainerLogs(ctx, containerID, container.LogsOptions{
-		ShowStdout: true,
-		ShowStderr: true,
-		Timestamps: false,
-		Follow:     false,
-		Tail:       "all",
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("getting container logs: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer logReader.Close()
-
-	// Create log files following the headscale naming convention
-	stdoutPath := filepath.Join(logsDir, containerName+".stdout.log")
-	stderrPath := filepath.Join(logsDir, containerName+".stderr.log")
-
-	// Create buffers to capture stdout and stderr separately
-	var stdoutBuf, stderrBuf bytes.Buffer
-
-	// Demultiplex the Docker logs stream to separate stdout and stderr
-	_, err = stdcopy.StdCopy(&stdoutBuf, &stderrBuf, logReader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("demultiplexing container logs: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Write stdout logs
-	if err := os.WriteFile(stdoutPath, stdoutBuf.Bytes(), 0o644); err != nil { //nolint:gosec,noinlineerr // log files should be readable
-		return fmt.Errorf("writing stdout log: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Write stderr logs
-	if err := os.WriteFile(stderrPath, stderrBuf.Bytes(), 0o644); err != nil { //nolint:gosec,noinlineerr // log files should be readable
-		return fmt.Errorf("writing stderr log: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if verbose {
-		log.Printf("Saved logs for %s: %s, %s", containerName, stdoutPath, stderrPath)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// extractContainerFiles extracts database file and directories from headscale containers.
-// Note: The actual file extraction is now handled by the integration tests themselves
-// via SaveProfile, SaveMapResponses, and SaveDatabase functions in hsic.go.
-func extractContainerFiles(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID, containerName, logsDir string, verbose bool) error {
-	// Files are now extracted directly by the integration tests
-	// This function is kept for potential future use or other file types
-	return nil
-}

cmd/hi/doctor.go

@@ -1,380 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"os/exec"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-var ErrSystemChecksFailed = errors.New("system checks failed")
-
-// DoctorResult represents the result of a single health check.
-type DoctorResult struct {
-	Name        string
-	Status      string // "PASS", "FAIL", "WARN"
-	Message     string
-	Suggestions []string
-}
-
-// runDoctorCheck performs comprehensive pre-flight checks for integration testing.
-func runDoctorCheck(ctx context.Context) error {
-	results := []DoctorResult{}
-
-	// Check 1: Docker binary availability
-	results = append(results, checkDockerBinary())
-
-	// Check 2: Docker daemon connectivity
-	dockerResult := checkDockerDaemon(ctx)
-	results = append(results, dockerResult)
-
-	// If Docker is available, run additional checks
-	if dockerResult.Status == "PASS" {
-		results = append(results, checkDockerContext(ctx))
-		results = append(results, checkDockerSocket(ctx))
-		results = append(results, checkGolangImage(ctx))
-	}
-
-	// Check 3: Go installation
-	results = append(results, checkGoInstallation(ctx))
-
-	// Check 4: Git repository
-	results = append(results, checkGitRepository(ctx))
-
-	// Check 5: Required files
-	results = append(results, checkRequiredFiles(ctx))
-
-	// Display results
-	displayDoctorResults(results)
-
-	// Return error if any critical checks failed
-	for _, result := range results {
-		if result.Status == "FAIL" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w - see details above", ErrSystemChecksFailed)
-		}
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("✅ All system checks passed - ready to run integration tests!")
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// checkDockerBinary verifies Docker binary is available.
-func checkDockerBinary() DoctorResult {
-	_, err := exec.LookPath("docker")
-	if err != nil {
-		return DoctorResult{
-			Name:    "Docker Binary",
-			Status:  "FAIL",
-			Message: "Docker binary not found in PATH",
-			Suggestions: []string{
-				"Install Docker: https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/",
-				"For macOS: consider using colima or Docker Desktop",
-				"Ensure docker is in your PATH",
-			},
-		}
-	}
-
-	return DoctorResult{
-		Name:    "Docker Binary",
-		Status:  "PASS",
-		Message: "Docker binary found",
-	}
-}
-
-// checkDockerDaemon verifies Docker daemon is running and accessible.
-func checkDockerDaemon(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return DoctorResult{
-			Name:    "Docker Daemon",
-			Status:  "FAIL",
-			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Cannot create Docker client: %v", err),
-			Suggestions: []string{
-				"Start Docker daemon/service",
-				"Check Docker Desktop is running (if using Docker Desktop)",
-				"For colima: run 'colima start'",
-				"Verify DOCKER_HOST environment variable if set",
-			},
-		}
-	}
-	defer cli.Close()
-
-	_, err = cli.Ping(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return DoctorResult{
-			Name:    "Docker Daemon",
-			Status:  "FAIL",
-			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Cannot ping Docker daemon: %v", err),
-			Suggestions: []string{
-				"Ensure Docker daemon is running",
-				"Check Docker socket permissions",
-				"Try: docker info",
-			},
-		}
-	}
-
-	return DoctorResult{
-		Name:    "Docker Daemon",
-		Status:  "PASS",
-		Message: "Docker daemon is running and accessible",
-	}
-}
-
-// checkDockerContext verifies Docker context configuration.
-func checkDockerContext(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
-	contextInfo, err := getCurrentDockerContext(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return DoctorResult{
-			Name:    "Docker Context",
-			Status:  "WARN",
-			Message: "Could not detect Docker context, using default settings",
-			Suggestions: []string{
-				"Check: docker context ls",
-				"Consider setting up a specific context if needed",
-			},
-		}
-	}
-
-	if contextInfo == nil {
-		return DoctorResult{
-			Name:    "Docker Context",
-			Status:  "PASS",
-			Message: "Using default Docker context",
-		}
-	}
-
-	return DoctorResult{
-		Name:    "Docker Context",
-		Status:  "PASS",
-		Message: "Using Docker context: " + contextInfo.Name,
-	}
-}
-
-// checkDockerSocket verifies Docker socket accessibility.
-func checkDockerSocket(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return DoctorResult{
-			Name:    "Docker Socket",
-			Status:  "FAIL",
-			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Cannot access Docker socket: %v", err),
-			Suggestions: []string{
-				"Check Docker socket permissions",
-				"Add user to docker group: sudo usermod -aG docker $USER",
-				"For colima: ensure socket is accessible",
-			},
-		}
-	}
-	defer cli.Close()
-
-	info, err := cli.Info(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return DoctorResult{
-			Name:    "Docker Socket",
-			Status:  "FAIL",
-			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Cannot get Docker info: %v", err),
-			Suggestions: []string{
-				"Check Docker daemon status",
-				"Verify socket permissions",
-			},
-		}
-	}
-
-	return DoctorResult{
-		Name:    "Docker Socket",
-		Status:  "PASS",
-		Message: fmt.Sprintf("Docker socket accessible (Server: %s)", info.ServerVersion),
-	}
-}
-
-// checkGolangImage verifies the golang Docker image is available locally or can be pulled.
-func checkGolangImage(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return DoctorResult{
-			Name:    "Golang Image",
-			Status:  "FAIL",
-			Message: "Cannot create Docker client for image check",
-		}
-	}
-	defer cli.Close()
-
-	goVersion := detectGoVersion()
-	imageName := "golang:" + goVersion
-
-	// First check if image is available locally
-	available, err := checkImageAvailableLocally(ctx, cli, imageName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return DoctorResult{
-			Name:    "Golang Image",
-			Status:  "FAIL",
-			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Cannot check golang image %s: %v", imageName, err),
-			Suggestions: []string{
-				"Check Docker daemon status",
-				"Try: docker images | grep golang",
-			},
-		}
-	}
-
-	if available {
-		return DoctorResult{
-			Name:    "Golang Image",
-			Status:  "PASS",
-			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Golang image %s is available locally", imageName),
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Image not available locally, try to pull it
-	err = ensureImageAvailable(ctx, cli, imageName, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return DoctorResult{
-			Name:    "Golang Image",
-			Status:  "FAIL",
-			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Golang image %s not available locally and cannot pull: %v", imageName, err),
-			Suggestions: []string{
-				"Check internet connectivity",
-				"Verify Docker Hub access",
-				"Try: docker pull " + imageName,
-				"Or run tests offline if image was pulled previously",
-			},
-		}
-	}
-
-	return DoctorResult{
-		Name:    "Golang Image",
-		Status:  "PASS",
-		Message: fmt.Sprintf("Golang image %s is now available", imageName),
-	}
-}
-
-// checkGoInstallation verifies Go is installed and working.
-func checkGoInstallation(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
-	_, err := exec.LookPath("go")
-	if err != nil {
-		return DoctorResult{
-			Name:    "Go Installation",
-			Status:  "FAIL",
-			Message: "Go binary not found in PATH",
-			Suggestions: []string{
-				"Install Go: https://golang.org/dl/",
-				"Ensure go is in your PATH",
-			},
-		}
-	}
-
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "go", "version")
-
-	output, err := cmd.Output()
-	if err != nil {
-		return DoctorResult{
-			Name:    "Go Installation",
-			Status:  "FAIL",
-			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Cannot get Go version: %v", err),
-		}
-	}
-
-	version := strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
-
-	return DoctorResult{
-		Name:    "Go Installation",
-		Status:  "PASS",
-		Message: version,
-	}
-}
-
-// checkGitRepository verifies we're in a git repository.
-func checkGitRepository(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "git", "rev-parse", "--git-dir")
-
-	err := cmd.Run()
-	if err != nil {
-		return DoctorResult{
-			Name:    "Git Repository",
-			Status:  "FAIL",
-			Message: "Not in a Git repository",
-			Suggestions: []string{
-				"Run from within the headscale git repository",
-				"Clone the repository: git clone https://github.com/juanfont/headscale.git",
-			},
-		}
-	}
-
-	return DoctorResult{
-		Name:    "Git Repository",
-		Status:  "PASS",
-		Message: "Running in Git repository",
-	}
-}
-
-// checkRequiredFiles verifies required files exist.
-func checkRequiredFiles(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
-	requiredFiles := []string{
-		"go.mod",
-		"integration/",
-		"cmd/hi/",
-	}
-
-	var missingFiles []string
-
-	for _, file := range requiredFiles {
-		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "test", "-e", file)
-
-		err := cmd.Run()
-		if err != nil {
-			missingFiles = append(missingFiles, file)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(missingFiles) > 0 {
-		return DoctorResult{
-			Name:    "Required Files",
-			Status:  "FAIL",
-			Message: "Missing required files: " + strings.Join(missingFiles, ", "),
-			Suggestions: []string{
-				"Ensure you're in the headscale project root directory",
-				"Check that integration/ directory exists",
-				"Verify this is a complete headscale repository",
-			},
-		}
-	}
-
-	return DoctorResult{
-		Name:    "Required Files",
-		Status:  "PASS",
-		Message: "All required files found",
-	}
-}
-
-// displayDoctorResults shows the results in a formatted way.
-func displayDoctorResults(results []DoctorResult) {
-	log.Printf("🔍 System Health Check Results")
-	log.Printf("================================")
-
-	for _, result := range results {
-		var icon string
-
-		switch result.Status {
-		case "PASS":
-			icon = "✅"
-		case "WARN":
-			icon = "⚠️"
-		case "FAIL":
-			icon = "❌"
-		default:
-			icon = "❓"
-		}
-
-		log.Printf("%s %s: %s", icon, result.Name, result.Message)
-
-		if len(result.Suggestions) > 0 {
-			for _, suggestion := range result.Suggestions {
-				log.Printf("   💡 %s", suggestion)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("================================")
-}

cmd/hi/main.go

@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/creachadair/command"
-	"github.com/creachadair/flax"
-)
-
-var runConfig RunConfig
-
-func main() {
-	root := command.C{
-		Name: "hi",
-		Help: "Headscale Integration test runner",
-		Commands: []*command.C{
-			{
-				Name:     "run",
-				Help:     "Run integration tests",
-				Usage:    "run [test-pattern] [flags]",
-				SetFlags: command.Flags(flax.MustBind, &runConfig),
-				Run:      runIntegrationTest,
-			},
-			{
-				Name: "doctor",
-				Help: "Check system requirements for running integration tests",
-				Run: func(env *command.Env) error {
-					return runDoctorCheck(env.Context())
-				},
-			},
-			{
-				Name: "clean",
-				Help: "Clean Docker resources",
-				Commands: []*command.C{
-					{
-						Name: "networks",
-						Help: "Prune unused Docker networks",
-						Run: func(env *command.Env) error {
-							return pruneDockerNetworks(env.Context())
-						},
-					},
-					{
-						Name: "images",
-						Help: "Clean old test images",
-						Run: func(env *command.Env) error {
-							return cleanOldImages(env.Context())
-						},
-					},
-					{
-						Name: "containers",
-						Help: "Kill all test containers",
-						Run: func(env *command.Env) error {
-							return killTestContainers(env.Context())
-						},
-					},
-					{
-						Name: "cache",
-						Help: "Clean Go module cache volume",
-						Run: func(env *command.Env) error {
-							return cleanCacheVolume(env.Context())
-						},
-					},
-					{
-						Name: "all",
-						Help: "Run all cleanup operations",
-						Run: func(env *command.Env) error {
-							return cleanAll(env.Context())
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			command.HelpCommand(nil),
-		},
-	}
-
-	env := root.NewEnv(nil).MergeFlags(true)
-	command.RunOrFail(env, os.Args[1:])
-}
-
-func cleanAll(ctx context.Context) error {
-	err := killTestContainers(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = pruneDockerNetworks(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = cleanOldImages(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return cleanCacheVolume(ctx)
-}

cmd/hi/run.go

@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/creachadair/command"
-)
-
-var ErrTestPatternRequired = errors.New("test pattern is required as first argument or use --test flag")
-
-type RunConfig struct {
-	TestPattern   string        `flag:"test,Test pattern to run"`
-	Timeout       time.Duration `flag:"timeout,default=120m,Test timeout"`
-	FailFast      bool          `flag:"failfast,default=true,Stop on first test failure"`
-	UsePostgres   bool          `flag:"postgres,default=false,Use PostgreSQL instead of SQLite"`
-	GoVersion     string        `flag:"go-version,Go version to use (auto-detected from go.mod)"`
-	CleanBefore   bool          `flag:"clean-before,default=true,Clean stale resources before test"`
-	CleanAfter    bool          `flag:"clean-after,default=true,Clean resources after test"`
-	KeepOnFailure bool          `flag:"keep-on-failure,default=false,Keep containers on test failure"`
-	LogsDir       string        `flag:"logs-dir,default=control_logs,Control logs directory"`
-	Verbose       bool          `flag:"verbose,default=false,Verbose output"`
-	Stats         bool          `flag:"stats,default=false,Collect and display container resource usage statistics"`
-	HSMemoryLimit float64       `flag:"hs-memory-limit,default=0,Fail test if any Headscale container exceeds this memory limit in MB (0 = disabled)"`
-	TSMemoryLimit float64       `flag:"ts-memory-limit,default=0,Fail test if any Tailscale container exceeds this memory limit in MB (0 = disabled)"`
-}
-
-// runIntegrationTest executes the integration test workflow.
-func runIntegrationTest(env *command.Env) error {
-	args := env.Args
-	if len(args) > 0 && runConfig.TestPattern == "" {
-		runConfig.TestPattern = args[0]
-	}
-
-	if runConfig.TestPattern == "" {
-		return ErrTestPatternRequired
-	}
-
-	if runConfig.GoVersion == "" {
-		runConfig.GoVersion = detectGoVersion()
-	}
-
-	// Run pre-flight checks
-	if runConfig.Verbose {
-		log.Printf("Running pre-flight system checks...")
-	}
-
-	err := runDoctorCheck(env.Context())
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("pre-flight checks failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if runConfig.Verbose {
-		log.Printf("Running test: %s", runConfig.TestPattern)
-		log.Printf("Go version: %s", runConfig.GoVersion)
-		log.Printf("Timeout: %s", runConfig.Timeout)
-		log.Printf("Use PostgreSQL: %t", runConfig.UsePostgres)
-	}
-
-	return runTestContainer(env.Context(), &runConfig)
-}
-
-// detectGoVersion reads the Go version from go.mod file.
-func detectGoVersion() string {
-	goModPath := filepath.Join("..", "..", "go.mod")
-
-	if _, err := os.Stat("go.mod"); err == nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-		goModPath = "go.mod"
-	} else if _, err := os.Stat("../../go.mod"); err == nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-		goModPath = "../../go.mod"
-	}
-
-	content, err := os.ReadFile(goModPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "1.26.1"
-	}
-
-	lines := splitLines(string(content))
-	for _, line := range lines {
-		if len(line) > 3 && line[:3] == "go " {
-			version := line[3:]
-			if idx := indexOf(version, " "); idx != -1 {
-				version = version[:idx]
-			}
-
-			return version
-		}
-	}
-
-	return "1.26.1"
-}
-
-// splitLines splits a string into lines without using strings.Split.
-func splitLines(s string) []string {
-	var (
-		lines   []string
-		current string
-	)
-
-	for _, char := range s {
-		if char == '\n' {
-			lines = append(lines, current)
-			current = ""
-		} else {
-			current += string(char)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if current != "" {
-		lines = append(lines, current)
-	}
-
-	return lines
-}
-
-// indexOf finds the first occurrence of substr in s.
-func indexOf(s, substr string) int {
-	for i := 0; i <= len(s)-len(substr); i++ {
-		if s[i:i+len(substr)] == substr {
-			return i
-		}
-	}
-
-	return -1
-}