Resolve variables at parse time (#1429)

This replaces `ResolveVariableNode` and `ResolveMethodNode` with their resolution.
When we build the truffle node tree, we determine whether names resolve to:

* lexical scope
* base module
* implicit this

Then, we use this information to directly construct the underlying nodes (`ReadPropertyNode`, `ReadLocalPropertyNode`, etc).

Additionally, `AstBuilder` determines whether the property access must be const or not.

This introduces a `BaseModuleMembers` registry, which gets generated as part of Java compilation.

pkl-core/src/generator/java/org/pkl/core/generator/BaseModuleMembersGenerator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2026 Apple Inc. and the Pkl project authors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.pkl.core.generator;
+
+import com.palantir.javapoet.CodeBlock;
+import com.palantir.javapoet.JavaFile;
+import com.palantir.javapoet.MethodSpec;
+import com.palantir.javapoet.TypeName;
+import com.palantir.javapoet.TypeSpec;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import javax.lang.model.element.Modifier;
+import org.pkl.parser.Parser;
+import org.pkl.parser.syntax.Modifier.ModifierValue;
+
+public final class BaseModuleMembersGenerator {
+  record Members(Set<String> properties, Set<String> methods) {}
+
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    if (args.length < 2) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "Usage: BaseModuleMembersGenerator <path-to-base.pkl> <output-dir>");
+    }
+    var members = buildMembers(args[0]);
+    generateJavaCode(members, args[1]);
+  }
+
+  private static void generateJavaCode(Members members, String outputDir) {
+    var privateConstructor = MethodSpec.constructorBuilder().addModifiers(Modifier.PRIVATE).build();
+
+    var hasPropertyMethod =
+        buildHasMethod("hasProperty", members.properties().stream().sorted().toList());
+    var hasMethodMethod = buildHasMethod("hasMethod", members.methods().stream().sorted().toList());
+
+    var classSpec =
+        TypeSpec.classBuilder("BaseModuleMembers")
+            .addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC, Modifier.FINAL)
+            .addMethod(privateConstructor)
+            .addMethod(hasPropertyMethod)
+            .addMethod(hasMethodMethod)
+            .build();
+
+    var javaFile =
+        JavaFile.builder("org.pkl.core.runtime", classSpec)
+            .addFileComment("DO NOT EDIT — generated by BaseModuleMembersGenerator")
+            .build();
+
+    try {
+      javaFile.writeTo(Path.of(outputDir));
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static MethodSpec buildHasMethod(String methodName, List<String> names) {
+    var code = CodeBlock.builder();
+    code.add("return switch (name) {\n");
+    code.indent();
+    code.add("case $S", names.get(0));
+    if (names.size() == 1) {
+      code.add(" -> true;\n");
+    } else {
+      code.add(",\n");
+      code.indent();
+      for (var i = 1; i < names.size() - 1; i++) {
+        code.add("$S,\n", names.get(i));
+      }
+      code.add("$S -> true;\n", names.get(names.size() - 1));
+      code.unindent();
+    }
+    code.add("default -> false;\n");
+    code.unindent();
+    code.add("};\n");
+
+    return MethodSpec.methodBuilder(methodName)
+        .addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC, Modifier.STATIC)
+        .returns(TypeName.BOOLEAN)
+        .addParameter(String.class, "name")
+        .addCode(code.build())
+        .build();
+  }
+
+  private static String getBaseModuleText(String path) {
+    try {
+      return Files.readString(Path.of(path));
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static Members buildMembers(String basePklPath) {
+    var text = getBaseModuleText(basePklPath);
+    var parsed = new Parser().parseModule(text);
+    var properties = new HashSet<String>();
+    var methods = new HashSet<String>();
+    for (var property : parsed.getProperties()) {
+      if (isLocal(property.getModifiers())) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      properties.add(property.getName().getValue());
+    }
+    for (var clazz : parsed.getClasses()) {
+      if (isLocal(clazz.getModifiers())) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      properties.add(clazz.getName().getValue());
+    }
+    for (var typealias : parsed.getTypeAliases()) {
+      if (isLocal(typealias.getModifiers())) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      properties.add(typealias.getName().getValue());
+    }
+    for (var method : parsed.getMethods()) {
+      if (isLocal(method.getModifiers())) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      methods.add(method.getName().getValue());
+    }
+    return new Members(properties, methods);
+  }
+
+  private static boolean isLocal(List<org.pkl.parser.syntax.Modifier> modifiers) {
+    return modifiers.stream().anyMatch((it) -> it.getValue() == ModifierValue.LOCAL);
+  }
+}