Download JDK for windows build (#851)

Don't use the system Java on Windows builds, instead download them from Adoptium.

Also:

* Fail job if curl returns a 4xx status code
* Add java version to `GradleJob`

.circleci/config.pkl

@@ -108,10 +108,12 @@ local gradleCheckJobs: Mapping<String, GradleCheckJob> = new {
   ["gradle-check-jdk17"] {
     javaVersion = "17.0"
     isRelease = false
+    os = "linux"
   }
   ["gradle-check-jdk21"] {
     javaVersion = "21.0"
     isRelease = false
+    os = "linux"
   }
   ["gradle-check-jdk17-windows"] {
     javaVersion = "17.0"