Improve partial-evaluation when amending null parents (#1836)

GraalVM's partial evaulator can't handle recursive calls into the same node. The current implementation around evaluating `VmNull` as a parent causes the partial evaluator to bail out, leaving Pkl stuck in interpreter mode. This rewrites the various object literals to add individual specializations for each type of default value we can see from a VmNull parent. Also: * Fix `isTypeObjectClass` impl * Fix bug when amending with generator object literal node with object params
2026-09-13 13:21:47 +02:00 · 2026-09-02 18:18:55 +00:00
parent 2c2f50113d
commit 0035199176
29 changed files with 1038 additions and 41 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+class Person { name: String }
+
+hidden x: Mixin<Person>?
+
+local y = (x) {
+  name = "Fred"
+}
+
+res = y.apply(new Person {})
@@ -26,6 +26,25 @@ res2 = new Listing {
  new Mapping { ["one"] = 1; ["two"] = 2 }
 }

+res2n = (Null(new Listing {})) {
+  null
+  true
+  42
+  1.23
+  "foo"
+  Regex("bar")
+  5.gb
+  3.min
+  Pair(1, 2)
+  List(1, 2, 3)
+  Set(1, 2, 3)
+  Map("one", 1, "two", 2)
+  new Dynamic { name = "Pigeon"; age = 42 }
+  new Person { name = "Pigeon"; age = 42 }
+  new Listing { 1; 2; 3 }
+  new Mapping { ["one"] = 1; ["two"] = 2 }
+}
+
 res3 = new Listing {
  id(null)
  id(true)
@@ -44,3 +63,22 @@ res3 = new Listing {
  id(new Listing { 1; 2; 3 })
  id(new Mapping { ["one"] = 1; ["two"] = 2 })
 }
+
+res3n = (Null(new Listing {})) {
+  id(null)
+  id(true)
+  id(42)
+  id(1.23)
+  id("foo")
+  id(Regex("bar"))
+  id(5.gb)
+  id(3.min)
+  id(Pair(1, 2))
+  id(List(1, 2, 3))
+  id(Set(1, 2, 3))
+  id(Map("one", 1, "two", 2))
+  id(new Dynamic { name = "Pigeon"; age = 42 })
+  id(new Person { name = "Pigeon"; age = 42 })
+  id(new Listing { 1; 2; 3 })
+  id(new Mapping { ["one"] = 1; ["two"] = 2 })
+}
@@ -73,11 +73,20 @@ res8 = test.catch(() -> (x) { ["wrong type"] = "value" })
 res8a = test.catch(() -> (x) { [id("wrong type")] = id("value") })

 res9 = test.catch(() -> new Listing { foo = "bar" })
+res9n = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Listing {})) { foo = "bar" })
 res10 = test.catch(() -> (x) { foo = "foo" })
+res10n = test.catch(() -> (Null(x)) { foo = "foo" })
 res11 = test.catch(() -> new Listing { "one"; foo = "foo" })
+res11n = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Listing { "one" })) { foo = "foo" })
 res12 = test.catch(() -> (x) { "four"; foo = "foo" })
+res12n = test.catch(() -> (Null(x)) { "four"; foo = "foo" })
 res12a = test.catch(() -> (x) { id("four"); foo = "foo" })
+res12an = test.catch(() -> (Null(x)) { id("four"); foo = "foo" })
 res13 = test.catch(() -> (x) { [1] = "updated two"; foo = "foo" })
+res13n = test.catch(() -> (Null(x)) { [1] = "updated two"; foo = "foo" })
 res13a = test.catch(() -> (x) { [id(1)] = id("updated two"); foo = "foo" })
+res13an = test.catch(() -> (Null(x)) { [id(1)] = id("updated two"); foo = "foo" })
 res14 = test.catch(() -> (x) { "four"; [1] = "updated two"; foo = "foo" })
+res14n = test.catch(() -> (Null(x)) { "four"; [1] = "updated two"; foo = "foo" })
 res14a = test.catch(() -> (x) { id("four"); [id(1)] = id("updated two"); foo = "foo" })
+res14an = test.catch(() -> (Null(x)) { id("four"); [id(1)] = id("updated two"); foo = "foo" })
@@ -26,6 +26,25 @@ res2 = new Mapping {
  [new Mapping { ["one"] = 1; ["two"] = 2 }] = new Mapping { ["one"] = 1; ["two"] = 2 }
 }

+res2n = (Null(new Mapping {})) {
+  [null] = null
+  [true] = true
+  [42] = 42
+  [1.23] = 1.23
+  ["foo"] = "foo"
+  [Regex("bar")] = Regex("bar")
+  [5.gb] = 5.gb
+  [3.min] = 3.min
+  [Pair(1, 2)] = Pair(1, 2)
+  [List(1, 2, 3)] = List(1, 2, 3)
+  [Set(1, 2, 3)] = Set(1, 2, 3)
+  [Map("one", 1, "two", 2)] = Map("one", 1, "two", 2)
+  [new Dynamic { name = "Pigeon"; age = 42 }] = new Dynamic { name = "Pigeon"; age = 42 }
+  [new Person { name = "Pigeon"; age = 42 }] = new Person { name = "Pigeon"; age = 42 }
+  [new Listing { 1; 2; 3 }] = new Listing { 1; 2; 3 }
+  [new Mapping { ["one"] = 1; ["two"] = 2 }] = new Mapping { ["one"] = 1; ["two"] = 2 }
+}
+
 res3 = new Mapping {
  [id(null)] = id(null)
  [id(true)] = id(true)
@@ -44,3 +63,34 @@ res3 = new Mapping {
  [id(new Listing { 1; 2; 3 })] = id(new Listing { 1; 2; 3 })
  [id(new Mapping { ["one"] = 1; ["two"] = 2 })] = id(new Mapping { ["one"] = 1; ["two"] = 2 })
 }
+
+res3n = (Null(new Mapping {})) {
+  [id(null)] = id(null)
+  [id(true)] = id(true)
+  [id(42)] = id(42)
+  [id(1.23)] = id(1.23)
+  [id("foo")] = id("foo")
+  [id(Regex("bar"))] = id(Regex("bar"))
+  [id(5.gb)] = id(5.gb)
+  [id(3.min)] = id(3.min)
+  [id(Pair(1, 2))] = id(Pair(1, 2))
+  [id(List(1, 2, 3))] = id(List(1, 2, 3))
+  [id(Set(1, 2, 3))] = id(Set(1, 2, 3))
+  [id(Map("one", 1, "two", 2))] = id(Map("one", 1, "two", 2))
+  [id(new Dynamic { name = "Pigeon"; age = 42 })] = id(new Dynamic { name = "Pigeon"; age = 42 })
+  [id(new Person { name = "Pigeon"; age = 42 })] = id(new Person { name = "Pigeon"; age = 42 })
+  [id(new Listing { 1; 2; 3 })] = id(new Listing { 1; 2; 3 })
+  [id(new Mapping { ["one"] = 1; ["two"] = 2 })] = id(new Mapping { ["one"] = 1; ["two"] = 2 })
+}
+
+// ConstantEntriesLiteralNode
+res4 = new Mapping {
+  ["foo"] = "1"
+  ["bar"] = "2"
+}
+
+// ConstantEntriesLiteralNode
+res4n = (Null(new Mapping {})) {
+  ["foo"] = "1"
+  ["bar"] = "2"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Covers ConstantEntriesLiteralNode's specializations for amending a `VmNull` whose default value
+// is each of the underlying parent types it supports. All entry keys below are constants, so
+// these bodies compile to ConstantEntriesLiteralNode rather than EntriesLiteralNode.
+import "pkl:test"
+
+// evalNullWithMappingDefault
+local mapping = Null(new Mapping { ["a"] = 1 })
+res1 = (mapping) {
+  ["b"] = 2
+}
+
+// evalNullWithDynamicDefault
+local dynamic = Null(new Dynamic { a = 1 })
+res2 = (dynamic) {
+  ["b"] = 2
+}
+
+// evalNullWithListingDefault
+local listing = Null(new Listing { "a"; "b" })
+res3 = (listing) {
+  [0] = "updated a"
+}
+
+// evalNullWithFunctionDefault
+local fun = Null(() -> new Mapping { ["a"] = 1 })
+local amendedFun = (fun) {
+  ["b"] = 2
+}
+res4 = amendedFun.apply()
+
+// error: listing entry index out of range
+res5 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Listing { "a" })) { [5] = "value" })
+
+// error: listing cannot have a property (other than `default`)
+res6 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Listing { "a" })) { [0] = "updated a"; foo = "bar" })
+
+// error: mapping cannot have a property (other than `default`)
+res7 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Mapping { ["a"] = 1 })) { ["b"] = 2; foo = "bar" })
+
+// error: function amendment with wrong parameter count
+local twoArgFun = (x, y) -> new Mapping {}
+res8 = test.catch(() -> (Null(twoArgFun)) { x -> ["a"] = 1 })
+
+hidden foo: "foo"?
+
+// error: default value's type has no matching specialization; falls back to the generic error
+res9 = test.catch(() -> (foo) { ["a"] = 1 })
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Covers ElementsLiteralNode's specializations for amending a `VmNull` whose default value is
+// each of the underlying parent types it supports.
+import "pkl:test"
+
+// evalNullWithDynamicDefault
+local dynamic = Null(new Dynamic { a = 1 })
+res1 = (dynamic) {
+  "b"
+  "c"
+}
+
+// evalNullWithListingDefault
+local listing = Null(new Listing { "a" })
+res2 = (listing) {
+  "b"
+  "c"
+}
+
+// evalNullWithFunctionDefault
+local fun = Null(() -> new Listing { "a" })
+local amendedFun = (fun) {
+  "b"
+}
+res3 = amendedFun.apply()
+
+// error: mapping cannot have an element
+res4 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Mapping { ["a"] = 1 })) { "b" })
+
+// error: listing cannot have a property (other than `default`)
+res5 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Listing { "a" })) { "b"; foo = "bar" })
+
+// error: function amendment with wrong parameter count
+local twoArgFun = (x, y) -> new Listing {}
+res6 = test.catch(() -> (Null(twoArgFun)) { x -> "b" })
+
+// error: default value's type has no matching specialization; falls back to the generic error
+res7 = test.catch(() -> (Null(42)) { "b" })
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Covers ElementsEntriesLiteralNode's specializations for amending a `VmNull` whose default value
+// is each of the underlying parent types it supports. Element and entry keys are mixed, and at
+// least one key is non-constant (via `id()`), matching this node's shape.
+import "pkl:test"
+
+function id(x) = x
+
+// evalNullWithDynamicDefault
+local dynamic = Null(new Dynamic { "a" })
+
+res1 = (dynamic) {
+  [id(0)] = "updated a"
+  "b"
+}
+
+// evalNullWithListingDefault
+local listing = Null(new Listing { "a"; "b" })
+res2 = (listing) {
+  "c"
+  [id(0)] = "updated a"
+}
+
+// evalNullWithFunctionDefault
+local fun = Null(() -> new Listing { "a" })
+local amendedFun = (fun) {
+  "b"
+  [id(0)] = "updated a"
+}
+res3 = amendedFun.apply()
+
+// error: mapping cannot have an element
+res4 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Mapping { ["a"] = 1 })) { "b"; [id("c")] = 2 })
+
+// error: listing entry index out of range
+res5 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Listing { "a" })) { "b"; [id(5)] = "value" })
+
+// error: listing cannot have a property (other than `default`)
+res6 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Listing { "a" })) { "b"; [id(0)] = "updated a"; foo = "bar" })
+
+// error: function amendment with wrong parameter count
+local twoArgFun = (x, y) -> new Listing {}
+res7 = test.catch(() -> (Null(twoArgFun)) { x -> "b"; [id(0)] = "updated a" })
+
+// error: default value's type has no matching specialization; falls back to the generic error
+res8 = test.catch(() -> (Null(42)) { "b"; [id(0)] = "updated a" })
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Covers EntriesLiteralNode's specializations for amending a `VmNull` whose default value is
+// each of the underlying parent types it supports. At least one entry key below is non-constant
+// (via `id()`) so that these bodies compile to EntriesLiteralNode rather than
+// ConstantEntriesLiteralNode.
+import "pkl:test"
+
+function id(x) = x
+
+// evalNullableMapping
+local mapping = Null(new Mapping { ["a"] = 1 })
+res1 = (mapping) {
+  [id("b")] = 2
+}
+
+// evalNullWithDynamicDefault
+local dynamic = Null(new Dynamic { a = 1 })
+res2 = (dynamic) {
+  [id("b")] = 2
+}
+
+// evalNullWithListingDefault
+local listing = Null(new Listing { "a"; "b" })
+res3 = (listing) {
+  [id(0)] = "updated a"
+}
+
+// evalNullWithFunctionDefault
+local fun = Null(() -> new Mapping { ["a"] = 1 })
+local amendedFun = (fun) {
+  [id("b")] = 2
+}
+res4 = amendedFun.apply()
+
+// error: listing entry with wrong key type
+res5 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Listing { "a" })) { [id("wrong type")] = "value" })
+
+// error: listing entry index out of range
+res6 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Listing { "a" })) { [id(5)] = "value" })
+
+// error: mapping cannot have a property (other than `default`)
+res7 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Mapping { ["a"] = 1 })) { foo = "bar"; [id("b")] = 2 })
+
+// error: duplicate key
+res8 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Mapping {})) { [id("a")] = 1; [id("a")] = 2 })
+
+// error: function amendment with wrong parameter count
+local twoArgFun = (x, y) -> new Mapping {}
+res9 = test.catch(() -> (Null(twoArgFun)) { x -> [id("a")] = 1 })
+
+hidden foo: "foo"?
+
+// error: default value's type has no matching specialization; falls back to the generic error
+res10 = test.catch(() -> (foo) { [id("a")] = 1 })
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Covers GeneratorObjectLiteralNode's specializations for amending a `VmNull` whose default value
+// is each of the underlying parent types it supports. Each body contains a `for`- or
+// when-generator, which is what forces this node type instead of ElementsLiteralNode/
+// EntriesLiteralNode/PropertiesLiteralNode.
+import "pkl:test"
+
+local class Person {
+  name: String
+  age: Int = 0
+}
+
+// evalNullWithDynamicDefault
+local dynamic = Null(new Dynamic { a = 1 })
+res1 = (dynamic) {
+  for (i in List(2, 3)) {
+    i
+  }
+}
+
+// evalNullWithTypedDefault
+local person = Null(new Person { name = "Pigeon" })
+res2 = (person) {
+  when (true) {
+    age = 10
+  }
+}
+
+// evalNullWithListingDefault
+local listing = Null(new Listing { "a" })
+res3 = (listing) {
+  for (i in List(2, 3)) {
+    i
+  }
+}
+
+// evalNullableMapping
+local mapping = Null(new Mapping { ["a"] = 1 })
+res4 = (mapping) {
+  for (i in List(2, 3)) {
+    [i] = i
+  }
+}
+
+// evalNullWithFunctionDefault
+local fun = Null(() -> new Dynamic { a = 1 })
+local amendedFun = (fun) {
+  for (i in List(2, 3)) {
+    i
+  }
+}
+res5 = amendedFun.apply()
+
+// error: listing amendment cannot have parameters
+res6 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Listing { "a" })) { x -> for (i in List(2)) { i } })
+
+// error: mapping amendment cannot have parameters
+res7 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Mapping { ["a"] = 1 })) { x -> for (i in List(2)) { [i] = i } })
+
+// error: object amendment cannot have parameters
+res8 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Dynamic { a = 1 })) { x -> for (i in List(2)) { i } })
+
+hidden foo: "foo"?
+
+// error: default value's type has no matching specialization; falls back to the generic error
+res9 = test.catch(() -> (foo) { for (i in List(2)) { i } })
+
+hidden x: List<Int>?
+res10 = test.catch(() -> ((x) { when (true) { foo = 1 } }))
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Covers PropertiesLiteralNode's specializations for amending a `VmNull` whose default value is
+// each of the underlying parent types it supports.
+import "pkl:test"
+
+local class Person {
+  name: String
+  age: Int = 0
+}
+
+// evalNullWithTypedDefault
+local person = Null(new Person { name = "Pigeon" })
+res1 = (person) {
+  age = 3
+}
+
+// evalNullWithDynamicDefault
+local dynamic = Null(new Dynamic { name = "Pigeon" })
+res2 = (dynamic) {
+  age = 3
+}
+
+// evalNullWithListingDefault
+local listing = Null(new Listing { "one"; "two" })
+res3 = (listing) {
+  default = (_) -> "three"
+}.getOrDefault(5)
+
+// evalNullableMapping
+local mapping = Null(new Mapping { ["one"] = 1 })
+res4 = (mapping) {
+  default = (_) -> 0
+}.getOrDefault("missing")
+
+// evalNullWithFunctionDefault
+local fun = Null(() -> new Dynamic { zero = 0 })
+local amendedFun = (fun) {
+  amended = "amended"
+}
+res5 = amendedFun.apply()
+
+// error: typed object amendment with an unknown property
+res6 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Person { name = "Pigeon" })) { nickname = "Pidge" })
+
+// error: listing cannot have a property (other than `default`)
+res7 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Listing { "one" })) { foo = "bar" })
+
+// error: mapping cannot have a property (other than `default`)
+res8 = test.catch(() -> (Null(new Mapping { ["one"] = 1 })) { foo = "bar" })
+
+// error: function amendment with wrong parameter count
+local twoArgFun = (x, y) -> new Dynamic {}
+res9 = test.catch(() -> (Null(twoArgFun)) { x -> prop = x })
+
+hidden foo: "foo"?
+
+// error: default value's type has no matching specialization; falls back to the generic error
+res10 = test.catch(() -> (foo) { foo = "bar" })
+
+hidden clazz: Class?
+
+res11 = (clazz) {
+  x = 1
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+res {
+  name = "Fred"
+}
@@ -30,6 +30,37 @@ res2 {
    ["two"] = 2
  }
 }
+res2n {
+  null
+  true
+  42
+  1.23
+  "foo"
+  Regex("bar")
+  5.gb
+  3.min
+  Pair(1, 2)
+  List(1, 2, 3)
+  Set(1, 2, 3)
+  Map("one", 1, "two", 2)
+  new {
+    name = "Pigeon"
+    age = 42
+  }
+  new {
+    name = "Pigeon"
+    age = 42
+  }
+  new {
+    1
+    2
+    3
+  }
+  new {
+    ["one"] = 1
+    ["two"] = 2
+  }
+}
 res3 {
  null
  true
@@ -61,3 +92,34 @@ res3 {
    ["two"] = 2
  }
 }
+res3n {
+  null
+  true
+  42
+  1.23
+  "foo"
+  Regex("bar")
+  5.gb
+  3.min
+  Pair(1, 2)
+  List(1, 2, 3)
+  Set(1, 2, 3)
+  Map("one", 1, "two", 2)
+  new {
+    name = "Pigeon"
+    age = 42
+  }
+  new {
+    name = "Pigeon"
+    age = 42
+  }
+  new {
+    1
+    2
+    3
+  }
+  new {
+    ["one"] = 1
+    ["two"] = 2
+  }
+}
@@ -55,11 +55,20 @@ res7a = "Element index `-1` is out of range `0`..`2`."
 res8 = "Expected key of type `Int`, but got type `String`."
 res8a = "Expected key of type `Int`, but got type `String`."
 res9 = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res9n = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
 res10 = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res10n = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
 res11 = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res11n = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
 res12 = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res12n = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
 res12a = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res12an = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
 res13 = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res13n = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
 res13a = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res13an = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
 res14 = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res14n = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
 res14a = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res14an = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
@@ -43,6 +43,50 @@ res2 {
    ["two"] = 2
  }
 }
+res2n {
+  [null] = null
+  [true] = true
+  [42] = 42
+  [1.23] = 1.23
+  ["foo"] = "foo"
+  [Regex("bar")] = Regex("bar")
+  [5.gb] = 5.gb
+  [3.min] = 3.min
+  [Pair(1, 2)] = Pair(1, 2)
+  [List(1, 2, 3)] = List(1, 2, 3)
+  [Set(1, 2, 3)] = Set(1, 2, 3)
+  [Map("one", 1, "two", 2)] = Map("one", 1, "two", 2)
+  [new {
+    name = "Pigeon"
+    age = 42
+  }] {
+    name = "Pigeon"
+    age = 42
+  }
+  [new {
+    name = "Pigeon"
+    age = 42
+  }] {
+    name = "Pigeon"
+    age = 42
+  }
+  [new {
+    1
+    2
+    3
+  }] {
+    1
+    2
+    3
+  }
+  [new {
+    ["one"] = 1
+    ["two"] = 2
+  }] {
+    ["one"] = 1
+    ["two"] = 2
+  }
+}
 res3 {
  [null] = null
  [true] = true
@@ -87,3 +131,55 @@ res3 {
    ["two"] = 2
  }
 }
+res3n {
+  [null] = null
+  [true] = true
+  [42] = 42
+  [1.23] = 1.23
+  ["foo"] = "foo"
+  [Regex("bar")] = Regex("bar")
+  [5.gb] = 5.gb
+  [3.min] = 3.min
+  [Pair(1, 2)] = Pair(1, 2)
+  [List(1, 2, 3)] = List(1, 2, 3)
+  [Set(1, 2, 3)] = Set(1, 2, 3)
+  [Map("one", 1, "two", 2)] = Map("one", 1, "two", 2)
+  [new {
+    name = "Pigeon"
+    age = 42
+  }] {
+    name = "Pigeon"
+    age = 42
+  }
+  [new {
+    name = "Pigeon"
+    age = 42
+  }] {
+    name = "Pigeon"
+    age = 42
+  }
+  [new {
+    1
+    2
+    3
+  }] {
+    1
+    2
+    3
+  }
+  [new {
+    ["one"] = 1
+    ["two"] = 2
+  }] {
+    ["one"] = 1
+    ["two"] = 2
+  }
+}
+res4 {
+  ["foo"] = "1"
+  ["bar"] = "2"
+}
+res4n {
+  ["foo"] = "1"
+  ["bar"] = "2"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+res1 {
+  ["a"] = 1
+  ["b"] = 2
+}
+res2 {
+  a = 1
+  ["b"] = 2
+}
+res3 {
+  "updated a"
+  "b"
+}
+res4 {
+  ["a"] = 1
+  ["b"] = 2
+}
+res5 = "Element index `5` is out of range `0`..`0`."
+res6 = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res7 = "Object of type `Mapping` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res8 = "Expected a function with 1 parameters, but got 2."
+res9 = "Cannot instantiate, or amend an instance of, external class `String`."
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+res1 {
+  a = 1
+  "b"
+  "c"
+}
+res2 {
+  "a"
+  "b"
+  "c"
+}
+res3 {
+  "a"
+  "b"
+}
+res4 = "Object of type `Mapping` cannot have an element."
+res5 = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res6 = "Expected a function with 1 parameters, but got 2."
+res7 = "Expected value of type `Object | Function<Object>`, but got type `Int`. Value: 42"
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+res1 {
+  "updated a"
+  "b"
+}
+res2 {
+  "updated a"
+  "b"
+  "c"
+}
+res3 {
+  "updated a"
+  "b"
+}
+res4 = "Object of type `Mapping` cannot have an element."
+res5 = "Element index `5` is out of range `0`..`0`."
+res6 = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res7 = "Expected a function with 1 parameters, but got 2."
+res8 = "Expected value of type `Object | Function<Object>`, but got type `Int`. Value: 42"
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+res1 {
+  ["a"] = 1
+  ["b"] = 2
+}
+res2 {
+  a = 1
+  ["b"] = 2
+}
+res3 {
+  "updated a"
+  "b"
+}
+res4 {
+  ["a"] = 1
+  ["b"] = 2
+}
+res5 = "Expected key of type `Int`, but got type `String`."
+res6 = "Element index `5` is out of range `0`..`0`."
+res7 = "Object of type `Mapping` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res8 = "Duplicate definition of member `\"a\"`."
+res9 = "Expected a function with 1 parameters, but got 2."
+res10 = "Cannot instantiate, or amend an instance of, external class `String`."
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+res1 {
+  a = 1
+  2
+  3
+}
+res2 {
+  name = "Pigeon"
+  age = 10
+}
+res3 {
+  "a"
+  2
+  3
+}
+res4 {
+  ["a"] = 1
+  [2] = 2
+  [3] = 3
+}
+res5 {
+  a = 1
+  2
+  3
+}
+res6 = "Expected a function that returns a `Listing`, but got a `Listing`."
+res7 = "Expected a function that returns a `Mapping`, but got a `Mapping`."
+res8 = "Expected a function that returns an object, but got an object."
+res9 = "Cannot instantiate, or amend an instance of, external class `String`."
+res10 = "Cannot instantiate, or amend an instance of, external class `List`."
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+res1 {
+  name = "Pigeon"
+  age = 3
+}
+res2 {
+  name = "Pigeon"
+  age = 3
+}
+res3 = "three"
+res4 = 0
+res5 {
+  zero = 0
+  amended = "amended"
+}
+res6 = "Cannot find property `nickname` in object of type `properties#Person`."
+res7 = "Object of type `Listing` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res8 = "Object of type `Mapping` cannot have a property (other than `default`)."
+res9 = "Expected a function with 1 parameters, but got 2."
+res10 = "Cannot instantiate, or amend an instance of, external class `String`."
+res11 {
+  x = 1
+}