{ pkgs, ... }:
{
  # https://github.com/Mic92/nix-ld
  #
  # nix-ld will install itself at `/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2` so that
  # it can be used as the dynamic linker for non-NixOS binaries.
  #
  # nix-ld works like a middleware between the actual link loader located at `/nix/store/.../ld-linux-x86-64.so.2`
  # and the non-NixOS binaries. It will:
  #
  #   1. read the `NIX_LD` environment variable and use it to find the actual link loader.
  #   2. read the `NIX_LD_LIBRARY_PATH` environment variable and use it to set the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` environment variable
  #      for the actual link loader.
  #
  # nix-ld's nixos module will set default values for `NIX_LD` and `NIX_LD_LIBRARY_PATH` environment variables, so
  # it can work out of the box:
  #
  #  - https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/nixos-25.11/nixos/modules/programs/nix-ld.nix#L37-L40
  #
  # You can overwrite `NIX_LD_LIBRARY_PATH` in the environment where you run the non-NixOS binaries to customize the
  # search path for shared libraries.
  programs.nix-ld = {
    enable = true;
    libraries = with pkgs; [
      stdenv.cc.cc
    ];
  };

  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
    nodejs_24
    pnpm

    #-- python
    conda
    uv # python project package manager
    pipx # Install and Run Python Applications in Isolated Environments
    (python313.withPackages (
      ps: with ps; [
        pandas
        requests
        pyquery
        pyyaml
        numpy

        # model downloaders
        huggingface-hub
        modelscope
      ]
    ))

    rustc
    cargo # rust package manager
    go

    # cryptography
    age
    sops
    rclone
    gnupg

    # cloud-native
    kubectl
    istioctl
    kubevirt # virtctl
    kubernetes-helm
    fluxcd
    terraform

    # db related
    pgcli
    mongosh
    sqlite

    yt-dlp # youtube/bilibili/soundcloud/... video/music downloader

    # need to run `conda-install` before using it
    # need to run `conda-shell` before using command `conda`
    # conda is not available for MacOS
    conda
  ];
}