diff --git a/modules/nixos/base/power-monitoring.nix b/modules/nixos/base/power-monitoring.nix
index 6fad1b35..6854a432 100644
--- a/modules/nixos/base/power-monitoring.nix
+++ b/modules/nixos/base/power-monitoring.nix
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 {
   config,
   lib,
-  mylib,
   pkgs,
   ...
 }:
@@ -30,29 +29,9 @@ in
           node-exporter.extraGroups = [ "rapl" ];
         };
 
-        systemd.services.rapl-permissions = lib.mkIf config.services.prometheus.exporters.node.enable {
-          description = "Allow node_exporter to read RAPL energy counters";
-          wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-          unitConfig.ConditionPathExists = "/sys/class/powercap";
-          serviceConfig = mylib.systemdHardening.privilegedOneshot // {
-            Type = "oneshot";
-            RemainAfterExit = true;
-            CapabilityBoundingSet = [ "CAP_CHOWN" ];
-          };
-          script = ''
-            shopt -s nullglob
-            for f in /sys/class/powercap/*/energy_uj; do
-              chgrp rapl "$f"
-              chmod 0440 "$f"
-            done
-          '';
-        };
-
-        systemd.services.prometheus-node-exporter =
-          lib.mkIf config.services.prometheus.exporters.node.enable
-            {
-              requires = [ "rapl-permissions.service" ];
-              after = [ "rapl-permissions.service" ];
-            };
+        # udev's GROUP/MODE only apply to device nodes, not sysfs attributes.
+        services.udev.extraRules = lib.mkIf config.services.prometheus.exporters.node.enable ''
+          ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="powercap", TEST=="energy_uj", RUN+="${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/chgrp rapl /sys%p/energy_uj", RUN+="${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/chmod 0440 /sys%p/energy_uj"
+        '';
       };
 }
diff --git a/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/cpu-power/expr.nix b/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/cpu-power/expr.nix
index ab424a73..9edd4359 100644
--- a/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/cpu-power/expr.nix
+++ b/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/cpu-power/expr.nix
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ in
     name:
     configs.${name}.config.modules.powerMonitoring.enable
     && builtins.elem "rapl" configs.${name}.config.services.prometheus.exporters.node.enabledCollectors
-    && configs.${name}.config.systemd.services ? rapl-permissions
+    && lib.hasInfix "chgrp rapl" configs.${name}.config.services.udev.extraRules
   );
   serverRaplReaderOnly = lib.all (
     name:
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ in
   desktopRaplDisabled =
     !configs.ai-niri.config.modules.powerMonitoring.enable
     && !(builtins.elem "rapl" configs.ai-niri.config.services.prometheus.exporters.node.enabledCollectors)
-    && !(configs.ai-niri.config.systemd.services ? rapl-permissions);
-  guestsHaveNoRapl = lib.all (name: !(configs.${name}.config.systemd.services ? rapl-permissions)) (
-    lib.subtractLists physicalHosts (builtins.attrNames configs)
-  );
+    && !(lib.hasInfix "chgrp rapl" configs.ai-niri.config.services.udev.extraRules);
+  guestsHaveNoRapl = lib.all (
+    name: !(lib.hasInfix "chgrp rapl" configs.${name}.config.services.udev.extraRules)
+  ) (lib.subtractLists physicalHosts (builtins.attrNames configs));
   desktopBatteryReporting = configs.ai-niri.config.services.upower.enable;
 }
diff --git a/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/idols-aquamarine/expr.nix b/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/idols-aquamarine/expr.nix
index b82949bd..26368fa3 100644
--- a/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/idols-aquamarine/expr.nix
+++ b/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/idols-aquamarine/expr.nix
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ in
   ) cfg.environment.systemPackages;
   gpuMetricsExported = builtins.elem "drm" cfg.services.prometheus.exporters.node.enabledCollectors;
   raplMetricsExported = builtins.elem "rapl" cfg.services.prometheus.exporters.node.enabledCollectors;
-  raplPermissionsExposed = cfg.systemd.services ? rapl-permissions;
+  raplPermissionsExposed = lib.hasInfix "chgrp rapl" cfg.services.udev.extraRules;
   # node_exporter rejects a repeated flag, and this list merges with the base
   # module's entries, so a duplicate restart-loops the unit.
   collectorFlagsUnique =
diff --git a/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/security-service-hardening/expected.nix b/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/security-service-hardening/expected.nix
index c55ec723..04fe4a54 100644
--- a/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/security-service-hardening/expected.nix
+++ b/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/security-service-hardening/expected.nix
@@ -34,9 +34,6 @@ in
   };
 
   privilegedOneshot = {
-    rapl-permissions = privilegedOneshot // {
-      CapabilityBoundingSet = [ "CAP_CHOWN" ];
-    };
     hdd-no-spindown = privilegedOneshot // {
       CapabilityBoundingSet = [ "CAP_SYS_RAWIO" ];
       DeviceAllow = [ "block-sd rw" ];
diff --git a/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/security-service-hardening/expr.nix b/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/security-service-hardening/expr.nix
index 2f1495ba..1577eff8 100644
--- a/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/security-service-hardening/expr.nix
+++ b/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/security-service-hardening/expr.nix
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ units "youko" [
 // units "aquamarine" [ "whisper-asr" ]
 // {
   privilegedOneshot = {
-    rapl-permissions = privilegedUnit "aquamarine" "rapl-permissions";
     hdd-no-spindown = privilegedUnit "youko" "hdd-no-spindown";
   };
 }