From bbfe1fa53b1f03925fc8e94ac38914680e452933 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?ryan4yin=20=7C=20=E4=BA=8C=E8=8A=B1?= <ryan4yin@linux.com>
Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2026 21:04:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] feat(desktop): replace Clash Verge with native mihomo on all
 NixOS hosts (#379)

---
 .typos.toml                                   |   3 +
 WORKAROUNDS.md                                |  11 +-
 home/base/tui/ssh.nix                         |   2 +-
 home/linux/gui/base/xdg/autostart.nix         |   4 -
 hosts/idols-ai/default.nix                    |   4 +-
 hosts/idols-ai/preservation.nix               |   9 +-
 modules/nixos/desktop/computer-use.nix        |  15 +-
 .../nixos/desktop/networking/clash-verge.nix  |  23 -
 .../nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/README.md |  62 ++
 .../desktop/networking/mihomo/default.nix     |  35 ++
 .../desktop/networking/mihomo/generate.nu     | 572 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../desktop/networking/mihomo/policy.yaml     |  97 +++
 .../networking/mihomo/sources.example.yaml    |  44 ++
 .../aarch64-linux/src/12kingdoms-shoukei.nix  |   3 +
 outputs/default.nix                           |   4 +-
 outputs/x86_64-linux/src/idols-ai.nix         |   3 +
 .../tests/computer-use-headless/expected.nix  |   2 +-
 .../tests/computer-use-headless/expr.nix      |   2 +-
 18 files changed, 845 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 modules/nixos/desktop/networking/clash-verge.nix
 create mode 100644 modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/README.md
 create mode 100644 modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/default.nix
 create mode 100644 modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/generate.nu
 create mode 100644 modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/policy.yaml
 create mode 100644 modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/sources.example.yaml

diff --git a/.typos.toml b/.typos.toml
index 8abd3921..9493ba73 100644
--- a/.typos.toml
+++ b/.typos.toml
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ ignore-files = true
 extend-exclude = [
   "data/",
   "rime-data/",
+  # small-duck flypy user dictionary: entries are pinyin codes ("delt", "juli"),
+  # not English words, so the spell checker flags every one of them
+  "overlays/fcitx5/flypy_user.txt",
 ]
 
 [default]
diff --git a/WORKAROUNDS.md b/WORKAROUNDS.md
index 6834133e..db6a4439 100644
--- a/WORKAROUNDS.md
+++ b/WORKAROUNDS.md
@@ -46,11 +46,12 @@ recovery procedure, not its removal condition.
 
 A known limitation with no fix yet.
 
-| ID     | What & where                                                                                   | Why                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | Removal condition                                                                                                        | Added      | Revisit                                | Status |
-| ------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------- | -------------------------------------- | ------ |
-| WA-012 | `muvm` (x86_64 apps/games via microVM) disabled — `hosts/12kingdoms-shoukei/apple-silicon.nix` | Apple Silicon's 16k page size means x86_64 apps need `muvm`; it is off because it does not build/run on nixos-apple-silicon yet ([nixos-apple-silicon#237](https://github.com/nix-community/nixos-apple-silicon/issues/237)) | Re-enable once `muvm` builds and works                                                                                   | —          | on nixos-apple-silicon or muvm updates | active |
-| WA-015 | Darwin secret ownership — `secrets/darwin.nix`                                                 | Blanket `chown /etc/agenix/*` can override declared root ownership through symlinks; source concern, not a verified runtime leak                                                                                             | Verify consumers/runtime ownership, replace blanket ownership with explicit per-file ownership, and recheck target modes | 2026-10-03 | next Darwin activation review          | active |
-| WA-017 | NPU inference for X-ASR — `home/linux/gui/base/vinput/`                                        | OpenVINO and the NPU plugin load and the daemon opens `/dev/accel/accel0`, but no profiling evidence confirms model computation on the NPU; `npu_busy_time_us` did not increase in the sample test                           | Remove once per-layer NPU profiling confirms execution on `ai`                                                           | 2026-10-04 | when model/provider changes            | active |
+| ID     | What & where                                                                                   | Why                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | Removal condition                                                                                                             | Added      | Revisit                                | Status |
+| ------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | -------------------------------------- | ------ |
+| WA-012 | `muvm` (x86_64 apps/games via microVM) disabled — `hosts/12kingdoms-shoukei/apple-silicon.nix` | Apple Silicon's 16k page size means x86_64 apps need `muvm`; it is off because it does not build/run on nixos-apple-silicon yet ([nixos-apple-silicon#237](https://github.com/nix-community/nixos-apple-silicon/issues/237))                                             | Re-enable once `muvm` builds and works                                                                                        | —          | on nixos-apple-silicon or muvm updates | active |
+| WA-015 | Darwin secret ownership — `secrets/darwin.nix`                                                 | Blanket `chown /etc/agenix/*` can override declared root ownership through symlinks; source concern, not a verified runtime leak                                                                                                                                         | Verify consumers/runtime ownership, replace blanket ownership with explicit per-file ownership, and recheck target modes      | 2026-10-03 | next Darwin activation review          | active |
+| WA-016 | subscription rule snapshots — `modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/` (`rules_from:`)       | mihomo's `proxy-providers` imports proxies only, so the `rules` and `proxy-groups` a subscription ships with are dropped by the core; the generator re-imports them from a local YAML copy that has to be refreshed by hand when the provider changes its routing policy | Drop the snapshots once mihomo can import rules from a proxy-provider, or the providers publish their rules as rule-providers | 2026-10-04 | when mihomo gains rule import          | active |
+| WA-017 | NPU inference for X-ASR — `home/linux/gui/base/vinput/`                                        | OpenVINO and the NPU plugin load and the daemon opens `/dev/accel/accel0`, but no profiling evidence confirms model computation on the NPU; `npu_busy_time_us` did not increase in the sample test                                                                       | Remove once per-layer NPU profiling confirms execution on `ai`                                                                | 2026-10-04 | when model/provider changes            | active |
 
 ## WIP
 
diff --git a/home/base/tui/ssh.nix b/home/base/tui/ssh.nix
index 3e243fcf..8b325c20 100644
--- a/home/base/tui/ssh.nix
+++ b/home/base/tui/ssh.nix
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
     settings = {
       "github.com" = {
-        # avoid clash fake-IP6 hang, see modules/nixos/desktop/networking/clash-verge.nix
+        # avoid mihomo fake-IP6 hang, see modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/
         AddressFamily = "inet";
         HostName = "ssh.github.com";
         Port = 443;
diff --git a/home/linux/gui/base/xdg/autostart.nix b/home/linux/gui/base/xdg/autostart.nix
index a41c27f5..b633e6b5 100644
--- a/home/linux/gui/base/xdg/autostart.nix
+++ b/home/linux/gui/base/xdg/autostart.nix
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 {
   pkgs,
-  pkgs-master,
-  lib,
   ...
 }:
 {
@@ -16,8 +14,6 @@
     "${pkgs.ghostty}/share/applications/com.mitchellh.ghostty.desktop"
     "${pkgs.kitty}/share/applications/kitty.desktop"
 
-    "${pkgs-master.clash-verge-rev}/share/applications/clash-verge.desktop"
-
     # nixpaks
     "${pkgs.nixpaks.firefox}/share/applications/org.mozilla.firefox.desktop"
     "${pkgs.nixpaks.telegram-desktop}/share/applications/org.telegram.desktop.desktop"
diff --git a/hosts/idols-ai/default.nix b/hosts/idols-ai/default.nix
index 8f6cb8b8..d2e6a068 100644
--- a/hosts/idols-ai/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/idols-ai/default.nix
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ in
       IPv6AcceptRA = true; # for Stateless IPv6 Autoconfiguraton (SLAAC)
       LinkLocalAddressing = "ipv6";
       # r8169 drops carrier on S3 resume; without this, networkd tears down the
-      # static address/route and clash's TUN auto-detect briefly loses its
-      # outbound interface, leaving routing broken until clash is restarted.
+      # static address/route and mihomo's TUN auto-detect briefly loses its
+      # outbound interface, leaving routing broken until mihomo is restarted.
       IgnoreCarrierLoss = "10s";
     };
     routes = [
diff --git a/hosts/idols-ai/preservation.nix b/hosts/idols-ai/preservation.nix
index 1d7ad79c..3d8f1345 100644
--- a/hosts/idols-ai/preservation.nix
+++ b/hosts/idols-ai/preservation.nix
@@ -321,9 +321,12 @@ in
         # Misc
         # ======================================
 
-        # Clash Verge Rev
-        ".local/share/io.github.clash-verge-rev.clash-verge-rev"
-        ".local/share/clash-verge"
+        # Mihomo (native core): sources spec, generator and config all live here
+        # (contains subscription secrets, hence 0700).
+        {
+          directory = ".config/mihomo";
+          mode = "0700";
+        }
 
         # Orca Slicer - 3D Printer Slicer
         ".local/share/orca-slicer"
diff --git a/modules/nixos/desktop/computer-use.nix b/modules/nixos/desktop/computer-use.nix
index 43d22024..30ee1e81 100644
--- a/modules/nixos/desktop/computer-use.nix
+++ b/modules/nixos/desktop/computer-use.nix
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
   config,
   lib,
   pkgs,
-  pkgs-master,
   myvars,
   ...
 }:
@@ -15,6 +14,8 @@ let
   timeZone = if cfg.proxyRegion == "jp" then "Asia/Tokyo" else "America/Los_Angeles";
 in
 {
+  imports = [ ./networking/mihomo ]; # also pulled in by the desktop scanPaths; explicit for clarity
+
   options.modules.desktop.computerUse = {
     enable = lib.mkEnableOption "headless computer-use environment (X11 + desktop automation)";
     proxyRegion = lib.mkOption {
@@ -46,13 +47,9 @@ in
     # Browsers keep their profile/preferences in dconf.
     programs.dconf.enable = true;
 
-    # Clash Verge provides the proxy. Its core is started by the GUI, which is
-    # launched inside the session; service mode + TUN mode come from the module.
-    programs.clash-verge = {
-      enable = true;
-      package = pkgs-master.clash-verge-rev;
-      serviceMode = true;
-      tunMode = true;
-    };
+    # Native mihomo runs the proxy as a system service (TUN), so the headless
+    # session does not depend on a GUI starting the core. Its config lives at
+    # ~/.config/mihomo/config.yaml (out of the Nix store).
+    modules.networking.mihomo.enable = true;
   };
 }
diff --git a/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/clash-verge.nix b/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/clash-verge.nix
deleted file mode 100644
index 546274f4..00000000
--- a/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/clash-verge.nix
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-{ pkgs-master, ... }:
-# NOTE: There is a known pitfall with mihomo's fake-IP for IPv6
-# (fake-ip-range6: fdfe:dcba:9876::/64): TCP connections to IPv6 fake-IPs are
-# not proxied correctly and simply hang until connect() times out.
-# Clients without a fast IPv4 fallback stall for ~2 minutes per attempt:
-# every git remote operation (fetch/pull/push alike, they all go through ssh)
-# hangs on "Connecting to ssh.github.com [fdfe:dcba:9876::x] port 443"
-# before falling back to IPv4.
-# Browsers recover silently thanks to Happy Eyeballs (RFC 8305: when a name
-# resolves to both IPv4 and IPv6, the client tries one stack first, then races
-# the other after a ~50ms delay and keeps whichever connects first).
-# Fix: disable IPv6 in Clash Verge's DNS/TUN settings (confirmed working);
-# or work around per-client, e.g. `AddressFamily inet` in ssh_config
-# (see home/base/tui/ssh.nix).
-{
-  programs.clash-verge = {
-    enable = true;
-    package = pkgs-master.clash-verge-rev;
-    autoStart = false;
-    serviceMode = true;
-    tunMode = true;
-  };
-}
diff --git a/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/README.md b/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..581073f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Mihomo
+
+Native mihomo core + metacubexd dashboard, replacing the Clash Verge GUI. Enable per host with
+`modules.networking.mihomo.enable = true` (`ai`, `shoukei`, `ruby`, `kana`).
+
+## Usage
+
+```sh
+cp sources.example.yaml ~/.config/mihomo/sources.yaml && chmod 600 ~/.config/mihomo/sources.yaml
+$EDITOR ~/.config/mihomo/sources.yaml           # fill in: secret, private_domains, providers
+nu generate.nu                                  # -> ~/.config/mihomo/config.yaml, mode 0600
+mihomo -t -f ~/.config/mihomo/config.yaml       # validate before restarting
+sudo systemctl restart mihomo.service           # dashboard: http://127.0.0.1:9090/ui
+```
+
+`sources.yaml` holds everything private (subscription URLs, secret, private domains) and stays out
+of the repo and the Nix store; the module loads `config.yaml` via `LoadCredential`. Generate the
+config before enabling the module, or the service will not start.
+
+## Files
+
+| File                   | Role                                                          |
+| ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `default.nix`          | the service: `services.mihomo` + TUN + `metacubexd`           |
+| `policy.yaml`          | portable routing policy: ads, CN services, local ranges, tail |
+| `generate.nu`          | renders `config.yaml` from `sources.yaml` + `policy.yaml`     |
+| `sources.example.yaml` | schema for `sources.yaml`                                     |
+
+Rule order: `private_domains`, your `rules`, imported rules, then `policy.yaml`, ending in `MATCH`.
+
+## Why generate
+
+`proxy-provider` imports proxies only — a subscription's rules and groups are dropped by the core.
+The portable policy is therefore written once in `policy.yaml` as GEOSITE categories. Provider-bound
+policy is opt-in: `rules_from:` (a decoded snapshot) or `file:` carry groups, rules and
+rule-providers over. The generator drops and reports malformed rules, misplaced `MATCH` and orphaned
+targets instead of writing a config the core rejects.
+
+## Gotchas
+
+- `ipv6: false`: nodes without IPv6 egress + AAAA = routing black hole (WeChat/JD/Taobao images);
+  mihomo's IPv6 fake-ip also hung ssh/git locally for ~2 minutes, so it stays off.
+- `private_domains`: each entry becomes a DIRECT rule + a `fake-ip-filter` entry.
+- WeChat/QQ media go over bare CDN IPs, hence `multimedia.nt.qq.com.cn` in `fake-ip-filter`. If
+  media still stalls: `tun_exclude_process: [wechat, WeChatAppEx, qq]` (Linux names; the fix that
+  won clash-verge-rev#1762).
+- `find-process-mode: off` unless `PROCESS-*` rules or `tun_exclude_process` need it.
+- Rule payloads are bare domains: `DOMAIN-SUFFIX,https://qlogo.cn` is invalid.
+
+## References
+
+- [clash-verge-rev#1762](https://github.com/clash-verge-rev/clash-verge-rev/issues/1762) — WeChat
+  media under TUN: fake-ip-filter, qlogo/qpic, the exclude-process fix.
+- [WeChat-under-TUN retrospective](https://x.com/realchendahuang/status/2104381806862795161) — the
+  IPv6 black hole logic; JD and Taobao break the same way.
+- [mihomo wiki](https://wiki.metacubex.one/),
+  [proxy providers](https://wiki.metacubex.one/config/proxy-providers/) — why subscription rules are
+  dropped.
+- [meta-rules-dat](https://github.com/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat) — the GEOSITE/GEOIP data.
+- [metacubexd](https://github.com/MetaCubeX/metacubexd) — the dashboard.
+- [nixpkgs mihomo module](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/nixos-unstable/nixos/modules/services/networking/mihomo.nix)
+  — `DynamicUser`, `LoadCredential`, only `CAP_NET_ADMIN` under `tunMode`.
diff --git a/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/default.nix b/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/default.nix
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3baabd49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/default.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+  config,
+  lib,
+  myvars,
+  pkgs,
+  ...
+}:
+# Native mihomo core + metacubexd dashboard, replacing the Clash Verge GUI: the
+# GUI crashed (SIGFPE) and reopened a fake-IP leak window on every core restart.
+#
+# The config stays OUT of the Nix store (it holds subscription URLs and the
+# controller secret) and reaches the service through systemd's LoadCredential.
+# This module only wires up the service; generate the file with ./generate.nu.
+# See README.md for usage and the routing notes, in particular why the config
+# must keep `ipv6: false`: mihomo does not proxy TCP to an IPv6 fake-IP
+# (fdfe:dcba:9876::/64), so ssh/git connections hang until they time out
+# (home/base/tui/ssh.nix keeps `AddressFamily inet` as a per-client fallback).
+let
+  cfg = config.modules.networking.mihomo;
+  configFile = "${config.users.users.${myvars.username}.home}/.config/mihomo/config.yaml";
+in
+{
+  options.modules.networking.mihomo.enable =
+    lib.mkEnableOption "the native Mihomo core with TUN and a local web UI";
+
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+    services.mihomo = {
+      enable = true;
+      package = pkgs.mihomo;
+      inherit configFile;
+      webui = pkgs.metacubexd;
+      tunMode = true;
+    };
+  };
+}
diff --git a/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/generate.nu b/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/generate.nu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a201d24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/generate.nu
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env nu
+# Generate ~/.config/mihomo/config.yaml from ~/.config/mihomo/sources.yaml:
+#
+#   nu generate.nu [-s sources.yaml] [-o config.yaml]
+#
+# sources.yaml is the only file you edit. It holds secrets, so keep it mode 0600
+# and never commit it. README.md explains why the config is generated and what
+# the keys mean; sources.example.yaml is the schema.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const HEALTH_URL = "https://www.gstatic.com/generate_204"
+
+# The portable tail -- dns fake-ip-filter entries, optional rule-providers and
+# the rules that close every config -- lives in policy.yaml next to this script.
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# small helpers
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def fail [msg: string] {
+  error make { msg: $msg }
+}
+
+# drop keys whose value is null or an empty list, to keep the output readable
+def clean [rec: record] {
+  let drop = (
+    $rec
+    | columns
+    | where { |c|
+      let v = ($rec | get $c)
+      if ($v == null) {
+        true
+      } else if (($v | describe) | str starts-with "list") {
+        ($v | length) == 0
+      } else {
+        false
+      }
+    }
+  )
+  if ($drop | is-empty) {
+    $rec
+  } else {
+    $rec | reject ...$drop
+  }
+}
+
+def dupes [names: list<string>] {
+  $names
+  | group-by
+  | items { |k, v| if (($v | length) > 1) { $k } else { null } }
+  | where { |x| $x != null }
+}
+
+def node-names [doc: record] {
+  $doc
+  | get -o proxies
+  | default []
+  | each { |p| ($p | get -o name) }
+  | where { |n| $n != null }
+}
+
+# mihomo has no wildcard rule type, so a private_domains entry is normalized to
+# a bare domain: `DOMAIN-SUFFIX` already matches the apex and every label below
+# it, which is what `*.lab.example.com` means anyway.
+def private_bare [d: string] {
+  let bare = (($d | str trim) | str replace --all --regex '^\*\.' "")
+  if ($bare | str contains "*") {
+    fail $"private_domains entry '($d)': mihomo has no wildcard rules, use a plain domain or a leading '*.'"
+  }
+  $bare
+}
+
+def private-rule [d: string] {
+  let bare = (private_bare $d)
+  if ($bare | is-empty) {
+    return null
+  }
+  $"DOMAIN-SUFFIX,($bare),DIRECT"
+}
+
+# fake-ip-filter entry: `+.d` matches the apex and all labels
+def private-filter [d: string] {
+  let bare = (private_bare $d)
+  if ($bare | is-empty) {
+    return null
+  }
+  $"+.($bare)"
+}
+
+# rewrite whole comma-separated fields, so both `...,<group>` and composite
+# rules such as `AND,(...),<group>` get remapped
+def rewrite-rule [rule: string, map: record] {
+  $rule
+  | split row ","
+  | each { |part|
+    let t = ($part | str trim)
+    if ($t in $map) { $map | get $t } else { $part }
+  }
+  | str join ","
+}
+
+# the group or policy a rule sends traffic to: always the last field, except
+# that `no-resolve` trails it for IP rules. Composite rules keep the target
+# last as well, so splitting on commas is safe here.
+def rule-target [rule: string] {
+  mut parts = ($rule | split row "," | each { |p| $p | str trim })
+  if (($parts | last | default "" | str lowercase) == "no-resolve") {
+    $parts = ($parts | slice 0..(($parts | length) - 2))
+  }
+  $parts | last | default ""
+}
+
+# Rules copied out of a browser or a chat log often carry a scheme, e.g.
+# `DOMAIN-SUFFIX,https://qlogo.cn,DIRECT`; mihomo rejects that. A rule split
+# across two lines (`DOMAIN-SUFFIX,https://qlogo.cn` then `,DIRECT`) becomes two
+# invalid entries. Fix the scheme, drop what is still broken, and say so.
+#
+# A `MATCH` rule from a source or from `sources.yaml` is dropped: it is a
+# catch-all, so keeping one there would shadow every policy rule after it.
+# policy.yaml may keep one, but only as its last rule, which is where the
+# catch-all belongs.
+def sanitize-rules [rules: list<any>, who: string, keep_match: bool = false] {
+  mut ok = []
+  mut bad = []
+  let last = (($rules | length) - 1)
+  for e in ($rules | enumerate) {
+    let i = $e.index
+    let raw = ($e.item | into string | str trim)
+    if ($raw | is-empty) {
+      continue
+    }
+    let fixed = ($raw | str replace --all --regex '(?i)\bhttps?://' "")
+    let parts = ($fixed | split row ",")
+    let head = ($parts | first | default "" | str trim | str uppercase)
+    let tail = ($parts | last | default "" | str trim)
+    if ($head == "MATCH") and ($keep_match and ($i == $last)) {
+      $ok = ($ok ++ [$fixed])
+    } else if ($head == "MATCH") {
+      $bad = ($bad ++ [$"($who): catch-all dropped, it belongs last: ($raw)"])
+    } else if (($parts | length) < 3) or ($head | is-empty) or ($tail | is-empty) {
+      $bad = ($bad ++ [$"($who): malformed rule dropped: ($raw)"])
+    } else {
+      $ok = ($ok ++ [$fixed])
+    }
+  }
+  { ok: $ok, bad: $bad }
+}
+
+# PROCESS-* rules and tun.exclude-process both need the core to look up the
+# owning process, which `find-process-mode: off` disables.
+def process_mode [rules: list<string>, excluded: list<string>] {
+  let needs = (
+    ($rules | any { |r| ($r | str uppercase | str contains "PROCESS-") })
+    or (($excluded | length) > 0)
+  )
+  if $needs {
+    "always"
+  } else {
+    "off"
+  }
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# importing groups / rules / rule-providers from a local YAML copy
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Node names are replaced by a provider reference so that a subscription
+# refresh (nodes come and go) cannot break the imported groups. A group named
+# exactly like its provider is dropped and remapped onto the "<name> 节点"
+# group this generator already builds, because a proxy-provider and a
+# proxy-group cannot share a name.
+def import-doc [doc: record, provider: string] {
+  let names = (node-names $doc)
+  let own_group = $"($provider) 节点"
+  # `直连` is the conventional Chinese name for a built-in DIRECT node in these
+  # configs; inline proxy nodes are not imported, so point such references at
+  # the DIRECT policy instead -- unless the document defines its own 直连 group.
+  let declared_groups = ($doc | get -o proxy-groups | default [] | each { |g| ($g | get -o name | default "") | str trim })
+  let map = (
+    if ("直连" in $declared_groups) {
+      { ($provider): $own_group }
+    } else {
+      { ($provider): $own_group, "直连": "DIRECT" }
+    }
+  )
+
+  let groups = (
+    $doc
+    | get -o proxy-groups
+    | default []
+    | where { |g| (($g | get -o name | default "") | str trim) != $provider }
+    | each { |g|
+      let declared = ($g | get -o proxies | default [])
+      let kept = (
+        $declared
+        | each { |x|
+          let t = ($x | into string | str trim)
+          if ($t in $map) { $map | get $t } else { $x }
+        }
+        | where { |x| not (($x | into string) in $names) }
+      )
+      let refs = ($declared | where { |x| ($x | into string) in $names })
+      let use_list = (($g | get -o use | default []) ++ (if ($refs | is-empty) { [] } else { [$provider] }))
+      clean ($g | upsert 'proxies' $kept | upsert 'use' $use_list)
+    }
+    | where { |g|
+      let np = (($g | get -o proxies | default []) | length)
+      let n_use = (($g | get -o use | default []) | length)
+      ($np > 0) or ($n_use > 0) or (($g | get -o include-all | default false) == true)
+    }
+  )
+
+  let rules = (sanitize-rules ($doc | get -o rules | default []) $"($provider) snapshot")
+  # a rule pointing at a group this generator dropped would make the core refuse
+  # the whole config, so drop the rule and report it instead
+  let kept = ($groups | each { |g| $g.name })
+  let dropped = (
+    $doc
+    | get -o proxy-groups
+    | default []
+    | each { |g| ($g | get -o name | default "") | str trim }
+    # PROXY/AUTO always exist in the output, so rules targeting them are never orphans
+    | where { |n| (not ($n in $kept)) and ($n != $provider) and ($n not-in ["PROXY", "AUTO"]) }
+  )
+  mut final_rules = []
+  mut orphans = []
+  for r in ($rules.ok | each { |x| rewrite-rule $x $map }) {
+    let target = (rule-target $r)
+    if ($target in $dropped) {
+      $orphans = ($orphans ++ [$"($provider) snapshot: rule target has no group, dropped: ($r)"])
+    } else {
+      $final_rules = ($final_rules ++ [$r])
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    groups: $groups
+    rules: $final_rules
+    bad_rules: ($rules.bad ++ $orphans)
+    "rule-providers": ($doc | get -o rule-providers | default {})
+  }
+}
+
+def open-doc [path: string, who: string] {
+  let f = ($path | path expand)
+  if not ($f | path exists) {
+    fail $"($who): file not found: ($f)"
+  }
+  let doc = (
+    try {
+      open $f
+    } catch {
+      fail $"($who): ($f) is not readable as YAML/JSON. Save the decoded subscription, the provider's Clash YAML, not a base64 payload."
+    }
+  )
+  if (($doc | describe) | str starts-with "record") {
+    $doc
+  } else {
+    fail $"($who): ($f) has no top-level mapping"
+  }
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# providers
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def health-check [] {
+  { enable: true, url: $HEALTH_URL, interval: 300 }
+}
+
+# -> { name, provider, groups, rules, bad_rules, rule-providers }
+def build-entry [p: record] {
+  let name = ($p | get -o name | default "" | str trim)
+  if ($name | is-empty) {
+    fail "every provider needs a `name`"
+  }
+  let url = ($p | get -o url)
+  let file = ($p | get -o file)
+  let rules_from = ($p | get -o rules_from)
+
+  if ($url != null) {
+    let provider = {
+      type: "http"
+      url: $url
+      interval: ($p | get -o interval | default 86400)
+      path: $"./providers/($name).yaml"
+      "health-check": (health-check)
+    }
+    let imported = (
+      if ($rules_from != null) {
+        import-doc (open-doc $rules_from $"provider ($name)") $name
+      } else {
+        { groups: [], rules: [], bad_rules: [], "rule-providers": {} }
+      }
+    )
+    {
+      name: $name
+      provider: $provider
+      groups: $imported.groups
+      rules: $imported.rules
+      bad_rules: $imported.bad_rules
+      "rule-providers": $imported."rule-providers"
+    }
+  } else if ($file != null) {
+    # a local YAML file: inline its proxies (the service user cannot read files
+    # under /home), and carry over its groups, rules and rule-providers too
+    let doc = (open-doc $file $"provider ($name)")
+    let payload = ($doc | get -o proxies)
+    if (($payload == null) or (($payload | describe) | str starts-with "list") and (($payload | length) == 0)) {
+      fail $"provider ($name): ($file) has no top-level `proxies:` list"
+    }
+    let provider = {
+      type: "inline"
+      "health-check": (health-check)
+      payload: $payload
+    }
+    let imported = (import-doc $doc $name)
+    {
+      name: $name
+      provider: $provider
+      groups: $imported.groups
+      rules: $imported.rules
+      bad_rules: $imported.bad_rules
+      "rule-providers": $imported."rule-providers"
+    }
+  } else {
+    fail $"provider ($name): set either `url` or `file`"
+  }
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# main
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def main [
+  --sources (-s): path = "~/.config/mihomo/sources.yaml"
+  --out (-o): path = "~/.config/mihomo/config.yaml"
+  --policy (-p): path
+] {
+  let src = ($sources | path expand)
+  let out = ($out | path expand)
+  let pol = (
+    if $policy == null {
+      ($env.FILE_PWD | path join "policy.yaml")
+    } else {
+      $policy | path expand
+    }
+  )
+  if not ($src | path exists) {
+    fail $"sources file not found: ($src) -- copy sources.example.yaml to sources.yaml first"
+  }
+  if not ($pol | path exists) {
+    fail $"policy file not found: ($pol)"
+  }
+
+  # the portable tail: fake-ip-filter entries, optional rule-providers, rules
+  let policy_doc = (open $pol)
+  let policy_filters = ($policy_doc | get -o dns_filters | default [])
+  let policy_rules = (sanitize-rules ($policy_doc | get -o rules | default []) "policy.yaml" true)
+  let policy_rp = ($policy_doc | get -o rule_providers | default {})
+  let node_groups = ($policy_doc | get -o node_groups | default [])
+
+  let spec = (open $src)
+  # an empty secret leaves the dashboard open to anything on the machine
+  if (($spec | get -o secret | default "") | is-empty) {
+    fail "sources.yaml: 'secret' is required -- it protects the dashboard at 127.0.0.1:9090"
+  }
+  let declared = ($spec | get -o providers | default [])
+  if ($declared | is-empty) {
+    print --stderr "warning: no providers defined; everything will go DIRECT"
+  }
+
+  let names = ($declared | each { |p| ($p | get -o name | default "") })
+  let name_dups = (dupes $names)
+  if ($name_dups | is-not-empty) {
+    fail $"duplicate provider names: ($name_dups | str join ', ')"
+  }
+
+  let entries = ($declared | each { |p| build-entry $p })
+
+  let providers_map = (
+    $entries
+    | reduce --fold {} { |it, acc| $acc | insert $it.name ($it.provider) }
+  )
+
+  # groups: entry point, per-region auto+manual, an "everything else" and an
+  # "all nodes" manual select, one select per provider, plus everything the
+  # sources declare. `filter`/`exclude-filter` are Go regexes on the node name;
+  # region auto groups are `lazy` so unselected regions cost no health checks.
+  let per_provider = ($names | each { |n| { name: $"($n) 节点", type: "select", use: [$n] } })
+  let region_groups = (
+    $node_groups
+    | each { |g|
+      let base = ($g | get name)
+      [
+        { name: $"($base) 自动", type: "url-test", use: $names, filter: ($g | get filter), lazy: true, url: $HEALTH_URL, interval: 300 }
+        { name: $"($base) 手动", type: "select", use: $names, filter: ($g | get filter) }
+      ]
+    }
+    | flatten
+  )
+  let other_groups = (
+    if ($node_groups | is-empty) {
+      []
+    } else {
+      let joined = ($node_groups | each { |g| ($g | get filter) | str replace --all "(?i)" "" } | str join "|")
+      let excl = "(?i)(" + $joined + ")"
+      [{ name: "🌍 其他地区", type: "select", use: $names, "exclude-filter": $excl }]
+    }
+  )
+  let all_group = [{ name: "🌐 全部地区", type: "select", use: $names }]
+  let generated_groups = ($region_groups ++ $other_groups ++ $all_group)
+  let imported_groups = ($entries | each { |e| $e.groups } | flatten)
+  # an imported group with the same name wins; dropping ours still leaves a
+  # usable config, failing would not
+  let taken = (
+    ["PROXY", "AUTO"] ++ ($per_provider | get name) ++ ($imported_groups | each { |g| $g.name })
+  )
+  let region_kept = ($generated_groups | where { |g| $g.name not-in $taken })
+  let region_skipped = ($generated_groups | where { |g| $g.name in $taken } | each { |g| $g.name })
+  let groups = (
+    [
+      {
+        name: "PROXY"
+        type: "select"
+        proxies: (["AUTO"] ++ ($region_kept | get name) ++ ($per_provider | get name) ++ ["DIRECT"])
+      }
+      { name: "AUTO", type: "url-test", use: $names, url: $HEALTH_URL, interval: 300 }
+    ]
+    ++ $region_kept
+    ++ $per_provider
+    ++ $imported_groups
+  )
+  let group_dups = (dupes ($groups | each { |g| $g.name }))
+  if ($group_dups | is-not-empty) {
+    fail $"duplicate proxy-group names: ($group_dups | str join ', ')"
+  }
+
+  # rule-providers: the policy file first, then every source document.
+  # `insert` would abort with an internal nushell trace on a collision, so
+  # detect duplicates across documents first and report the names.
+  let rp_docs = ([$policy_rp] ++ ($entries | each { |e| $e."rule-providers" }))
+  let rp_dups = (dupes ($rp_docs | each { |d| $d | columns } | flatten))
+  if ($rp_dups | is-not-empty) {
+    fail $"duplicate rule-provider names: ($rp_dups | str join ', ')"
+  }
+  let rule_providers = (
+    $rp_docs
+    | reduce --fold {} { |it, acc|
+      $it | columns | reduce --fold $acc { |k, a| $a | insert $k ($it | get $k) }
+    }
+  )
+
+  let priv = ($spec | get -o private_domains | default [])
+  let priv_rules = ($priv | each { |d| private-rule $d } | where { |x| $x != null })
+  let priv_filters = ($priv | each { |d| private-filter $d } | where { |x| $x != null })
+  let user_rules = (sanitize-rules ($spec | get -o rules | default []) "sources.rules")
+  let imported_rules = ($entries | each { |e| $e.rules } | flatten)
+
+  let excluded = ($spec | get -o tun_exclude_process | default [])
+  # evaluation order: private hosts, hand-written rules, provider rules, policy tail
+  let body_rules = ($priv_rules ++ $user_rules.ok ++ $imported_rules ++ $policy_rules.ok)
+  # a RULE-SET pointing at a rule-provider nobody declared, or a target that
+  # is not one of the final groups, makes the core refuse the whole config;
+  # drop the rule and report it. This pass sees every source at once, so it
+  # also catches targets dangling across documents.
+  let rp_names = ($rule_providers | columns)
+  let valid_targets = (($groups | each { |g| $g.name }) ++ ["DIRECT", "PROXY", "REJECT", "PASS"])
+  mut kept_rules = []
+  mut rp_missing = []
+  for r in $body_rules {
+    let parts = ($r | split row ",")
+    let ref = ($parts | get -o 1 | default "")
+    let target = (rule-target $r)
+    if (($parts | first | str uppercase) == "RULE-SET") and ($ref not-in $rp_names) {
+      $rp_missing = ($rp_missing ++ [$"rule set '($ref)' is not declared, dropped: ($r)"])
+    } else if ($target not-in $valid_targets) {
+      $rp_missing = ($rp_missing ++ [$"rule target '($target)' has no group, dropped: ($r)"])
+    } else {
+      $kept_rules = ($kept_rules ++ [$r])
+    }
+  }
+  let bad_rules = (($entries | each { |e| $e.bad_rules } | flatten) ++ $user_rules.bad ++ $policy_rules.bad ++ $rp_missing)
+  # the core needs a catch-all; policy.yaml normally supplies it as its last rule
+  let has_catch_all = ($kept_rules | last | default "" | str uppercase | str starts-with "MATCH")
+  let all_rules = ($kept_rules ++ (if $has_catch_all { [] } else { ["MATCH,PROXY"] }))
+  let fpm = (process_mode $all_rules $excluded)
+
+  let config = {
+    # IPv6 stays off on purpose: most proxy nodes have no IPv6 egress, so an
+    # AAAA record becomes a routing black hole that apps such as WeChat, JD,
+    # Taobao and Feishu sit on until they fall back to IPv4.
+    ipv6: false
+    mode: "rule"
+    "mixed-port": 7897
+    "allow-lan": false
+    "log-level": "warning"
+    "unified-delay": true
+    tcp-concurrent: true
+    "find-process-mode": $fpm
+    "external-controller": "127.0.0.1:9090"
+    secret: ($spec | get -o secret | default "")
+    "external-controller-cors": {
+      "allow-private-network": true
+      "allow-origins": ["http://127.0.0.1:9090", "http://localhost:9090"]
+    }
+    profile: { "store-selected": true, "store-fake-ip": true }
+    tun: (
+      clean ({
+        enable: true
+        stack: "gvisor"
+        "auto-route": true
+        "strict-route": ($spec | get -o tun_strict_route | default true)
+        "auto-detect-interface": true
+        "dns-hijack": ["any:53"]
+      } | upsert 'exclude-process' $excluded)
+    )
+    dns: {
+      enable: true
+      # port 53 is unreachable here: the unit runs DynamicUser with only
+      # CAP_NET_ADMIN, so a privileged bind fails. TUN's dns-hijack covers
+      # resolution; this listener is a loopback convenience only.
+      listen: "127.0.0.1:1053"
+      ipv6: false
+      "enhanced-mode": "fake-ip"
+      "fake-ip-range": "198.18.0.1/16"
+      "fake-ip-filter-mode": "blacklist"
+      "prefer-h3": false
+      "respect-rules": false
+      "use-hosts": false
+      "use-system-hosts": false
+      "default-nameserver": ["223.5.5.5" "119.29.29.29" "223.6.6.6"]
+      nameserver: ["223.5.5.5" "119.29.29.29" "https://dns.alidns.com/dns-query"]
+      "proxy-server-nameserver": ["223.5.5.5" "https://dns.alidns.com/dns-query" "tls://223.5.5.5"]
+      "fake-ip-filter": (($priv_filters | append $policy_filters) | uniq)
+    }
+    "geodata-mode": false
+    "geo-auto-update": true
+    "geo-update-interval": 24
+    "geox-url": {
+      geoip: "https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat@release/geoip.dat"
+      geosite: "https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat@release/geosite.dat"
+      mmdb: "https://testingcf.jsdelivr.net/gh/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat@release/country.mmdb"
+    }
+    "proxy-providers": $providers_map
+    "proxy-groups": $groups
+    "rule-providers": $rule_providers
+    rules: ($all_rules | uniq)
+  }
+
+  if not ($out | path dirname | path exists) {
+    mkdir ($out | path dirname)
+  }
+  $config | to yaml | save --force $out
+  ^chmod 600 $out
+
+  let breakdown = $"private ($priv_rules | length), user ($user_rules.ok | length), imported ($imported_rules | length), policy ($policy_rules.ok | length)"
+  print $"wrote ($out)"
+  print $"  providers:         ($names | str join ', ')"
+  print $"  proxy-groups:      ($groups | length)"
+  print $"  rule-providers:    ($rule_providers | columns | length)"
+  print $"  rules:             (($config | get rules) | length)  -- ($breakdown)"
+  print $"  find-process-mode: ($fpm)"
+  if ($region_skipped | is-not-empty) {
+    print --stderr $"warning: region groups skipped, an imported group already uses: ($region_skipped | str join ', ')"
+  }
+  if ($bad_rules | is-not-empty) {
+    print --stderr $"warning: dropped ($bad_rules | length) rules:"
+    for b in $bad_rules {
+      print --stderr $"  ($b)"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/policy.yaml b/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/policy.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..61802632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/policy.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# Portable routing policy: nothing provider-specific lives here.
+#
+# Order matters. The generator appends these last, after the `private_domains`
+# rules, the rules from `sources.yaml` and the rules imported from your
+# subscriptions, so this file is the tail that closes every config.
+#
+# GEOSITE categories come from meta-rules-dat, which the module keeps current
+# (`geo-auto-update`). `mihomo -t` validates the names: `taobao`, `alipay` and
+# `wechat` do not exist in it, hence the hand-written domains below.
+
+# Region node groups. Each entry becomes two groups offered inside PROXY:
+# "<name> 自动" (url-test, lazy: only health-checked once selected) and
+# "<name> 手动" (select), both over the provider nodes whose name matches
+# `filter` (Go regex, case-insensitive). The generator also adds "🌍 其他地区"
+# (manual, everything not matched below) and "🌐 全部地区" (manual, all nodes);
+# AUTO is the all-node auto pick. Edit the regions freely; the single-char
+# keywords (港/台/日/新/美/韩) deliberately catch naming variants like
+# 美西, 日服 and 狮城.
+node_groups:
+  - name: "🇭🇰 香港"
+    filter: "(?i)(港|hk|hong ?kong|🇭🇰)"
+  - name: "🇹🇼 台湾"
+    filter: "(?i)(台|tw|taiwan|🇹🇼)"
+  - name: "🇯🇵 日本"
+    filter: "(?i)(日|jp|japan|东京|🇯🇵)"
+  - name: "🇸🇬 新加坡"
+    filter: "(?i)(新|狮城|sg|singapore|🇸🇬)"
+  - name: "🇰🇷 韩国"
+    filter: "(?i)(韩|kr|korea|🇰🇷)"
+  - name: "🇺🇸 美国"
+    filter: "(?i)(美|usa|us[ -]|united states|america|🇺🇸)"
+
+# fake-ip-filter: these must resolve to real IPs, never a fake one. Tencent's
+# multimedia hosts matter because WeChat/QQ fetch images over bare CDN IPs.
+dns_filters:
+  - "*.lan"
+  - "*.local"
+  - "*.arpa"
+  - localhost.ptlogin2.qq.com
+  - localhost.sec.qq.com
+  - localhost.work.weixin.qq.com
+  - multimedia.nt.qq.com.cn
+  - time.*.com
+  - ntp.*.com
+  - "*.msftncsi.com"
+  - www.msftconnecttest.com
+  - +.market.xiaomi.com
+  - "*.tailscale.com"
+
+# Optional extra rule-sets, usable by the rules below:
+#   rule_providers:
+#     my_list:
+#       type: http
+#       behavior: domain
+#       format: text
+#       url: "https://example.invalid/list.txt"
+#       path: ./rulesets/my_list.txt
+#       interval: 86400
+rule_providers: {}
+
+rules:
+  - GEOSITE,private,DIRECT
+  - GEOSITE,category-ads-all,REJECT
+
+  # CN consumer services: proxied they fail in ways that look like app bugs --
+  # WeChat pictures spin, JD and Taobao product images go blank. Much of it is
+  # served over bare CDN IPs and IPv6, so pin the whole category DIRECT.
+  - GEOSITE,tencent,DIRECT
+  - GEOSITE,bilibili,DIRECT
+  - GEOSITE,jd,DIRECT
+  - DOMAIN-SUFFIX,taobao.com,DIRECT
+  - DOMAIN-SUFFIX,tmall.com,DIRECT
+  - DOMAIN-SUFFIX,alicdn.com,DIRECT
+  - DOMAIN-SUFFIX,360buyimg.com,DIRECT
+  - DOMAIN-SUFFIX,feishu.cn,DIRECT
+  # WeChat/QQ image CDNs spelled out too, since they are fetched by IP
+  - DOMAIN-SUFFIX,qlogo.cn,DIRECT
+  - DOMAIN-SUFFIX,qpic.cn,DIRECT
+  - DOMAIN-SUFFIX,gtimg.com,DIRECT
+  - DOMAIN-SUFFIX,gtimg.cn,DIRECT
+  - DOMAIN-SUFFIX,gtimg.com.cn,DIRECT
+
+  # local ranges, by address as well as by name
+  - DOMAIN-SUFFIX,lan,DIRECT
+  - IP-CIDR,0.0.0.0/8,DIRECT,no-resolve
+  - IP-CIDR,10.0.0.0/8,DIRECT,no-resolve
+  - IP-CIDR,100.64.0.0/10,DIRECT,no-resolve
+  - IP-CIDR,127.0.0.0/8,DIRECT,no-resolve
+  - IP-CIDR,172.16.0.0/12,DIRECT,no-resolve
+  - IP-CIDR,192.168.0.0/16,DIRECT,no-resolve
+  - IP-CIDR,224.0.0.0/4,DIRECT,no-resolve
+  - IP-CIDR6,fe80::/10,DIRECT,no-resolve
+
+  # everything else that is CN by geolocation, then the catch-all
+  - GEOSITE,cn,DIRECT
+  - GEOIP,CN,DIRECT
+  - MATCH,PROXY
diff --git a/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/sources.example.yaml b/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/sources.example.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c76f5b44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/nixos/desktop/networking/mihomo/sources.example.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Copy to ~/.config/mihomo/sources.yaml, fill it in, then run `nu generate.nu`.
+# Keep it mode 0600 and never commit it: subscription URLs, the dashboard
+# password and private domain names all live here.
+#
+# The portable routing policy (ads, CN consumer services, local ranges) is not
+# here -- it lives in policy.yaml, which is safe to keep in the repository.
+
+# Password for the dashboard at http://127.0.0.1:9090/ui
+secret: "replace-me"
+
+# Domains that must never be proxied or fake-IPed: each becomes a DIRECT rule
+# plus a fake-ip-filter entry, so it resolves to a real IP. `*.lab.example.com`
+# is an alias for the plain form; any other `*` placement is rejected.
+private_domains:
+  # - private.example.com
+  # - "*.lab.example.com"
+
+# Extra rules, before the ones the sources bring in. Payloads are bare domains,
+# never `https://…`. A `MATCH` here is dropped: policy.yaml closes the list.
+rules:
+  # - DOMAIN-SUFFIX,download.example.com,PROXY
+  # - PROCESS-NAME,some-app,DIRECT
+
+# Keep on unless an app misbehaves under TUN (WeChat and office suites usually).
+tun_strict_route: true
+
+# Processes kept off TUN entirely; also re-enables find-process-mode, which
+# PROCESS-* rules need.
+tun_exclude_process:
+  # - some-app
+
+providers:
+  # The core imports a subscription's proxies only; `rules_from` carries its
+  # rules and groups over from a local snapshot copy. Only worth it when the
+  # provider ships policy you actually need -- see README.md.
+  - name: provider-a
+    url: "https://example.invalid/subscribe/replace-me"
+    # interval: 86400
+    # rules_from: "~/.config/mihomo/snapshots/provider-a.yaml"
+
+  # A local Clash YAML file: proxies are inlined (the service user cannot read
+  # /home), and its groups, rules and rule-providers are carried over too.
+  - name: provider-b
+    file: "~/work/example/client-proxy.yaml"
diff --git a/outputs/aarch64-linux/src/12kingdoms-shoukei.nix b/outputs/aarch64-linux/src/12kingdoms-shoukei.nix
index 74c80f2a..37b863a9 100644
--- a/outputs/aarch64-linux/src/12kingdoms-shoukei.nix
+++ b/outputs/aarch64-linux/src/12kingdoms-shoukei.nix
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ let
           # not supported yet
           modules.desktop.gaming.enable = false;
           modules.desktop.canokey.enable = true;
+          # Native mihomo core + local web dashboard (config is
+          # ~/.config/mihomo/config.yaml, out of the store).
+          modules.networking.mihomo.enable = true;
         }
       ];
     home-modules = map mylib.relativeToRoot [
diff --git a/outputs/default.nix b/outputs/default.nix
index 0cd143c9..59231dae 100644
--- a/outputs/default.nix
+++ b/outputs/default.nix
@@ -190,7 +190,9 @@ in
             settings = {
               write = true; # Automatically fix typos
               configPath = ".typos.toml"; # relative to the flake root
-              exclude = "rime-data/";
+              # git-hooks passes paths on the command line, which makes typos
+              # ignore .typos.toml's extend-exclude, so repeat it here
+              exclude = "rime-data/|overlays/fcitx5/flypy_user.txt";
             };
           };
           prettier = {
diff --git a/outputs/x86_64-linux/src/idols-ai.nix b/outputs/x86_64-linux/src/idols-ai.nix
index 614944a5..8764d595 100644
--- a/outputs/x86_64-linux/src/idols-ai.nix
+++ b/outputs/x86_64-linux/src/idols-ai.nix
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ let
           modules.secrets.preservation.enable = true;
           modules.desktop.gaming.enable = true;
           modules.desktop.canokey.enable = true;
+          # Native mihomo core + local web dashboard instead of the Clash Verge
+          # GUI; its config is ~/.config/mihomo/config.yaml (out of the store).
+          modules.networking.mihomo.enable = true;
         }
       ];
     home-modules = map mylib.relativeToRoot [
diff --git a/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/computer-use-headless/expected.nix b/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/computer-use-headless/expected.nix
index c4bb8f7f..145a9e34 100644
--- a/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/computer-use-headless/expected.nix
+++ b/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/computer-use-headless/expected.nix
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ in
 lib.genAttrs hosts (name: {
   computerUse = true;
   atspi = true;
-  clashVerge = true;
+  mihomo = true;
   timeZone = "America/Los_Angeles";
   xvfbRestart = "always";
   i3Restart = "always";
diff --git a/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/computer-use-headless/expr.nix b/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/computer-use-headless/expr.nix
index 22cc34e5..8195c094 100644
--- a/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/computer-use-headless/expr.nix
+++ b/outputs/x86_64-linux/tests/computer-use-headless/expr.nix
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ lib.genAttrs hosts (
   {
     computerUse = system.modules.desktop.computerUse.enable;
     atspi = system.services.gnome.at-spi2-core.enable;
-    clashVerge = system.programs.clash-verge.enable;
+    mihomo = system.services.mihomo.enable;
     timeZone = system.time.timeZone;
     xvfbRestart = home.systemd.user.services.xvfb.Service.Restart;
     i3Restart = home.systemd.user.services.i3.Service.Restart;