diff --git a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/caddy.nix b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/caddy.nix
index cab95e33..1f404ebd 100644
--- a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/caddy.nix
+++ b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/caddy.nix
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ in
     # Reload Caddy instead of restarting it when configuration file changes.
     enableReload = true;
     user = "caddy"; # User account under which caddy runs.
-    dataDir = "/data/apps/caddy";
+    dataDir = "/persistent/apps/caddy";
     logDir = "/var/log/caddy";
 
     # Additional lines of configuration appended to the global config section of the Caddyfile.
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ in
 
     # https://caddyserver.com/docs/caddyfile/directives/file_server
     virtualHosts."file.writefor.fun".extraConfig = ''
-      root * /data/apps/caddy/fileserver/
+      root * /persistent/apps/caddy/fileserver/
       ${hostCommonConfig}
       file_server browse {
         hide .git
@@ -110,15 +110,15 @@ in
   # Create Directories
   # https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/tmpfiles.d.html#Type
   systemd.tmpfiles.rules = [
-    "d /data/apps/caddy/fileserver/ 0755 caddy caddy"
+    "d /persistent/apps/caddy/fileserver/ 0755 caddy caddy"
     # directory for virtual machine's images
-    "d /data/apps/caddy/fileserver/vms 0755 caddy caddy"
+    "d /persistent/apps/caddy/fileserver/vms 0755 caddy caddy"
   ];
 
-  # Add all my wallpapers into /data/apps/caddy/fileserver/wallpapers
+  # Add all my wallpapers into /persistent/apps/caddy/fileserver/wallpapers
   # Install the homepage-dashboard configuration files
   system.activationScripts.installCaddyWallpapers = ''
-    mkdir -p /data/apps/caddy/fileserver/wallpapers
-    ${pkgs.rsync}/bin/rsync -avz --chmod=D2755,F644 ${wallpapers}/ /data/apps/caddy/fileserver/wallpapers/
+    mkdir -p /persistent/apps/caddy/fileserver/wallpapers
+    ${pkgs.rsync}/bin/rsync -avz --chmod=D2755,F644 ${wallpapers}/ /persistent/apps/caddy/fileserver/wallpapers/
   '';
 }
diff --git a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/gitea.nix b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/gitea.nix
index d3167847..a03b1ed2 100644
--- a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/gitea.nix
+++ b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/gitea.nix
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     enable = true;
     user = "gitea";
     group = "gitea";
-    stateDir = "/data/apps/gitea";
+    stateDir = "/persistent/apps/gitea";
     appName = "Ryan Yin's Gitea Service";
     lfs.enable = true;
     # Enable a timer that runs gitea dump to generate backup-files of the current gitea database and repositories.
diff --git a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/grafana/default.nix b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/grafana/default.nix
index 4492eeb9..b6bbda51 100644
--- a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/grafana/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/grafana/default.nix
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
   services.grafana = {
     enable = true;
-    dataDir = "/data/apps/grafana";
+    dataDir = "/persistent/apps/grafana";
     provision.enable = true;
     settings = {
       server = {
diff --git a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/monitoring/victoriametrics.nix b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/monitoring/victoriametrics.nix
index 9aa828bc..a13cb1a7 100644
--- a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/monitoring/victoriametrics.nix
+++ b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/monitoring/victoriametrics.nix
@@ -19,20 +19,20 @@ let
 in
 {
   # Since victoriametrics use DynamicUser, the user & group do not exists before the service starts.
-  # this group is used as a supplementary Unix group for the service to access our data dir(/data/apps/xxx)
+  # this group is used as a supplementary Unix group for the service to access our data dir(/persistent/apps/xxx)
   users.groups.victoriametrics-data = { };
 
   # Workaround for victoriametrics to store data in another place
   # https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/tmpfiles.d.html#Type
   systemd.tmpfiles.rules = [
-    "d /data/apps/victoriametrics 0770 root victoriametrics-data - -"
+    "d /persistent/apps/victoriametrics 0770 root victoriametrics-data - -"
   ];
 
   # Symlinks do not work with DynamicUser, so we should use bind mount here.
   # https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/25097#issuecomment-1929074961
   systemd.services.victoriametrics.serviceConfig = {
     SupplementaryGroups = [ "victoriametrics-data" ];
-    BindPaths = [ "/data/apps/victoriametrics:/var/lib/victoriametrics:rbind" ];
+    BindPaths = [ "/persistent/apps/victoriametrics:/var/lib/victoriametrics:rbind" ];
   };
 
   # https://victoriametrics.io/docs/victoriametrics/latest/configuration/configuration/
diff --git a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/oci-containers/homepage/default.nix b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/oci-containers/homepage/default.nix
index 64fc5e05..38050973 100644
--- a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/oci-containers/homepage/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/oci-containers/homepage/default.nix
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 }:
 let
   user = "homepage";
-  configDir = "/data/apps/homepage-dashboard";
+  configDir = "/persistent/apps/homepage-dashboard";
 in
 {
   users.groups.${user} = { };
diff --git a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/oci-containers/uptime-kuma/default.nix b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/oci-containers/uptime-kuma/default.nix
index 095c12f5..33c8cfa5 100644
--- a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/oci-containers/uptime-kuma/default.nix
+++ b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/oci-containers/uptime-kuma/default.nix
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 { config, ... }:
 let
   user = "kuma";
-  dataDir = "/data/apps/uptime-kuma";
+  dataDir = "/persistent/apps/uptime-kuma";
 in
 {
   users.groups.${user} = { };
diff --git a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/postgresql.nix b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/postgresql.nix
index ac35aa28..ef3a1ffb 100644
--- a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/postgresql.nix
+++ b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/postgresql.nix
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ let
 
   user = "postgres"; # postgresql's default system user
   package = pkgs.postgresql_16;
-  dataDir = "/data/apps/postgresql/${package.psqlSchema}";
+  dataDir = "/persistent/apps/postgresql/${package.psqlSchema}";
 in
 {
   # Create Directories
   # https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/tmpfiles.d.html#Type
   systemd.tmpfiles.rules = [
-    "d /data/apps/postgresql 0700 ${user} ${user}"
+    "d /persistent/apps/postgresql 0700 ${user} ${user}"
     "d ${dataDir} 0700 ${user} ${user}"
   ];
 
diff --git a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/sftpgo.nix b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/sftpgo.nix
index da3841b1..abe24760 100644
--- a/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/sftpgo.nix
+++ b/hosts/12kingdoms-youko/homelab-services/sftpgo.nix
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 { config, lib, ... }:
 let
   user = "sftpgo";
-  dataDir = "/data/apps/sftpgo";
+  dataDir = "/persistent/apps/sftpgo";
 in
 {
   # Read SFTPGO_DEFAULT_ADMIN_USERNAME and SFTPGO_DEFAULT_ADMIN_PASSWORD from a file