use std::{
    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
    fmt::Write,
    fs,
    path::{Path, PathBuf},
};

use anyhow::{Context, Result, anyhow};
use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
use rand::{SeedableRng, rngs::StdRng, seq::SliceRandom};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
use tracing::{info, warn};

use crate::{
    args::Config,
    datasets::{ConvertedDataset, ConvertedParagraph, ConvertedQuestion, DatasetKind},
};

mod beir;
mod build;

use build::{BuildParams, mix_seed};

const SLICE_VERSION: u32 = 2;
pub const DEFAULT_NEGATIVE_MULTIPLIER: f32 = 4.0;

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct SliceConfig<'a> {
    pub cache_dir: &'a Path,
    pub force_convert: bool,
    pub explicit_slice: Option<&'a str>,
    pub limit: Option<usize>,
    pub corpus_limit: Option<usize>,
    pub slice_seed: u64,
    pub llm_mode: bool,
    pub negative_multiplier: f32,
    pub require_verified_chunks: bool,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct SliceManifest {
    pub version: u32,
    pub slice_id: String,
    pub dataset_id: String,
    pub dataset_label: String,
    pub dataset_source: String,
    pub includes_unanswerable: bool,
    #[serde(default = "default_require_verified_chunks")]
    pub require_verified_chunks: bool,
    pub seed: u64,
    pub requested_limit: Option<usize>,
    pub requested_corpus: usize,
    pub generated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
    pub case_count: usize,
    pub positive_paragraphs: usize,
    pub negative_paragraphs: usize,
    pub total_paragraphs: usize,
    pub negative_multiplier: f32,
    pub cases: Vec<SliceCaseEntry>,
    pub paragraphs: Vec<SliceParagraphEntry>,
}

fn default_require_verified_chunks() -> bool {
    false
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct SliceCaseEntry {
    pub question_id: String,
    pub paragraph_id: String,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct SliceParagraphEntry {
    pub id: String,
    pub kind: SliceParagraphKind,
    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub shard_path: Option<String>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
#[serde(tag = "kind", rename_all = "snake_case")]
pub enum SliceParagraphKind {
    Positive { question_ids: Vec<String> },
    Negative,
}

pub fn paragraph_storage_key(paragraph_id: &str) -> String {
    sanitize_identifier(paragraph_id)
}

pub(crate) fn default_shard_path(paragraph_id: &str) -> String {
    let sanitized = paragraph_storage_key(paragraph_id);
    format!("paragraphs/{sanitized}.json")
}

fn sanitize_identifier(input: &str) -> String {
    let mut sanitized = String::with_capacity(input.len());
    for ch in input.chars() {
        if ch.is_ascii_alphanumeric() {
            sanitized.push(ch);
        } else {
            sanitized.push('-');
        }
    }
    let trimmed = sanitized.trim_matches('-').to_string();
    if trimmed.is_empty() {
        let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
        hasher.update(input.as_bytes());
        let digest = hasher.finalize();
        digest
            .iter()
            .take(6)
            .fold(String::with_capacity(12), |mut s, b| {
                let _ = write!(s, "{b:02x}");
                s
            })
    } else {
        trimmed
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ResolvedSlice<'a> {
    pub manifest: SliceManifest,
    pub path: PathBuf,
    pub paragraphs: Vec<&'a ConvertedParagraph>,
    pub cases: Vec<CaseRef<'a>>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct SliceWindow<'a> {
    pub offset: usize,
    pub length: usize,
    pub total_cases: usize,
    pub cases: Vec<CaseRef<'a>>,
    positive_paragraph_ids: Vec<String>,
}

impl SliceWindow<'_> {
    pub fn positive_ids(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &str> {
        self.positive_paragraph_ids
            .iter()
            .map(std::string::String::as_str)
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CaseRef<'a> {
    pub paragraph: &'a ConvertedParagraph,
    pub question: &'a ConvertedQuestion,
}

struct DatasetIndex {
    paragraph_by_id: HashMap<String, usize>,
    question_by_id: HashMap<String, (usize, usize)>,
}

impl DatasetIndex {
    fn build(dataset: &ConvertedDataset) -> Self {
        let mut paragraph_by_id = HashMap::new();
        let mut question_by_id = HashMap::new();

        for (p_idx, paragraph) in dataset.paragraphs.iter().enumerate() {
            paragraph_by_id.insert(paragraph.id.clone(), p_idx);
            for (q_idx, question) in paragraph.questions.iter().enumerate() {
                question_by_id.insert(question.id.clone(), (p_idx, q_idx));
            }
        }

        Self {
            paragraph_by_id,
            question_by_id,
        }
    }

    fn paragraph<'a>(
        &self,
        dataset: &'a ConvertedDataset,
        id: &str,
    ) -> Result<&'a ConvertedParagraph> {
        let idx = self
            .paragraph_by_id
            .get(id)
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("slice references unknown paragraph '{id}'"))?;
        dataset
            .paragraphs
            .get(*idx)
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("paragraph index out of bounds"))
    }

    fn question<'a>(
        &self,
        dataset: &'a ConvertedDataset,
        question_id: &str,
    ) -> Result<(&'a ConvertedParagraph, &'a ConvertedQuestion)> {
        let (p_idx, q_idx) = self
            .question_by_id
            .get(question_id)
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("slice references unknown question '{question_id}'"))?;
        let paragraph = dataset
            .paragraphs
            .get(*p_idx)
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("paragraph index out of bounds for question '{question_id}'"))?;
        let question = paragraph
            .questions
            .get(*q_idx)
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("slice maps question '{question_id}' to missing index"))?;
        Ok((paragraph, question))
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
struct SliceKey<'a> {
    dataset_id: &'a str,
    includes_unanswerable: bool,
    require_verified_chunks: bool,
    requested_corpus: usize,
    seed: u64,
}

#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
pub fn resolve_slice<'a>(
    dataset: &'a ConvertedDataset,
    config: &SliceConfig<'_>,
) -> Result<ResolvedSlice<'a>> {
    let index = DatasetIndex::build(dataset);

    if let Some(slice_arg) = config.explicit_slice {
        let path = explicit_slice_path(dataset, config, slice_arg);
        if path.exists() {
            let (path, manifest) = load_explicit_slice(dataset, &index, config, slice_arg)?;
            let resolved = manifest_to_resolved(dataset, &index, manifest, path)?;
            info!(
                slice = %resolved.manifest.slice_id,
                path = %resolved.path.display(),
                cases = resolved.manifest.case_count,
                positives = resolved.manifest.positive_paragraphs,
                negatives = resolved.manifest.negative_paragraphs,
                "Using explicitly selected slice"
            );
            return Ok(resolved);
        }
        let resolved = materialize_slice_ledger(dataset, config, &index, slice_arg, path)?;
        info!(
            slice = %resolved.manifest.slice_id,
            path = %resolved.path.display(),
            cases = resolved.manifest.case_count,
            positives = resolved.manifest.positive_paragraphs,
            negatives = resolved.manifest.negative_paragraphs,
            "Built catalog slice ledger"
        );
        return Ok(resolved);
    }

    let requested_corpus = config
        .corpus_limit
        .unwrap_or(dataset.paragraphs.len())
        .min(dataset.paragraphs.len())
        .max(1);
    let key = SliceKey {
        dataset_id: dataset.metadata.id.as_str(),
        includes_unanswerable: config.llm_mode,
        require_verified_chunks: config.require_verified_chunks,
        requested_corpus,
        seed: config.slice_seed,
    };
    let slice_id = compute_slice_id(&key)?;
    let base = config
        .cache_dir
        .join("slices")
        .join(dataset.metadata.id.as_str());
    let path = base.join(format!("{slice_id}.json"));
    materialize_slice_ledger(dataset, config, &index, &slice_id, path)
}

#[allow(clippy::indexing_slicing, clippy::arithmetic_side_effects)]
pub fn select_window<'a>(
    resolved: &'a ResolvedSlice<'a>,
    offset: usize,
    limit: Option<usize>,
) -> Result<SliceWindow<'a>> {
    let total = resolved.manifest.case_count;
    if total == 0 {
        return Err(anyhow!(
            "slice '{}' contains no cases",
            resolved.manifest.slice_id
        ));
    }
    if offset >= total {
        return Err(anyhow!(
            "slice offset {offset} exceeds available cases ({total})",
        ));
    }
    let available = total - offset;
    let requested = limit.unwrap_or(available).max(1);
    let length = requested.min(available);
    let cases = resolved.cases[offset..offset + length].to_vec();
    let mut seen = HashSet::new();
    let mut positive_ids = Vec::new();
    for case in &cases {
        if seen.insert(case.paragraph.id.as_str()) {
            positive_ids.push(case.paragraph.id.clone());
        }
    }
    Ok(SliceWindow {
        offset,
        length,
        total_cases: total,
        cases,
        positive_paragraph_ids: positive_ids,
    })
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
pub fn full_window<'a>(resolved: &'a ResolvedSlice<'a>) -> Result<SliceWindow<'a>> {
    select_window(resolved, 0, None)
}

fn explicit_slice_path(
    dataset: &ConvertedDataset,
    config: &SliceConfig<'_>,
    slice_arg: &str,
) -> PathBuf {
    let explicit_path = Path::new(slice_arg);
    if explicit_path.exists() {
        explicit_path.to_path_buf()
    } else {
        config
            .cache_dir
            .join("slices")
            .join(dataset.metadata.id.as_str())
            .join(format!("{slice_arg}.json"))
    }
}

#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
fn materialize_slice_ledger<'a>(
    dataset: &'a ConvertedDataset,
    config: &SliceConfig<'_>,
    index: &DatasetIndex,
    slice_id: &str,
    path: PathBuf,
) -> Result<ResolvedSlice<'a>> {
    let requested_corpus = config
        .corpus_limit
        .unwrap_or(dataset.paragraphs.len())
        .min(dataset.paragraphs.len())
        .max(1);

    let total_questions = dataset
        .paragraphs
        .iter()
        .map(|p| p.questions.len())
        .sum::<usize>()
        .max(1);
    let requested_limit = config
        .limit
        .unwrap_or(total_questions)
        .min(total_questions)
        .max(1);

    let mut manifest = if !config.force_convert && path.exists() {
        match read_manifest(&path) {
            Ok(manifest) if manifest.dataset_id == dataset.metadata.id => {
                if manifest.includes_unanswerable != config.llm_mode {
                    warn!(
                        slice = manifest.slice_id,
                        path = %path.display(),
                        expected = config.llm_mode,
                        found = manifest.includes_unanswerable,
                        "Slice manifest includes_unanswerable mismatch; regenerating"
                    );
                    None
                } else if manifest.require_verified_chunks != config.require_verified_chunks {
                    warn!(
                        slice = manifest.slice_id,
                        path = %path.display(),
                        expected = config.require_verified_chunks,
                        found = manifest.require_verified_chunks,
                        "Slice manifest verified-chunk requirement mismatch; regenerating"
                    );
                    None
                } else {
                    Some(manifest)
                }
            }
            Ok(manifest) => {
                warn!(
                    slice = manifest.slice_id,
                    path = %path.display(),
                    loaded_dataset = %manifest.dataset_id,
                    expected = %dataset.metadata.id,
                    "Slice manifest targets different dataset; regenerating"
                );
                None
            }
            Err(err) => {
                warn!(
                    path = %path.display(),
                    error = %err,
                    "Failed to read cached slice; regenerating"
                );
                None
            }
        }
    } else {
        None
    };

    let params = BuildParams {
        include_impossible: config.llm_mode,
        base_seed: config.slice_seed,
        rng_seed: mix_seed(dataset.metadata.id.as_str(), config.slice_seed),
    };

    if manifest
        .as_ref()
        .is_some_and(|manifest| manifest.version != SLICE_VERSION)
    {
        warn!(
            slice = manifest.as_ref().map_or("unknown", |m| m.slice_id.as_str()),
            found = manifest.as_ref().map_or(0, |m| m.version),
            expected = SLICE_VERSION,
            "Slice manifest version mismatch; regenerating"
        );
        manifest = None;
    }

    let mut manifest = manifest.unwrap_or_else(|| {
        empty_manifest(
            dataset,
            slice_id.to_string(),
            &params,
            requested_corpus,
            config.negative_multiplier,
            config.require_verified_chunks,
            config.limit,
        )
    });

    manifest.requested_limit = config.limit;
    manifest.requested_corpus = requested_corpus;
    manifest.negative_multiplier = config.negative_multiplier;
    manifest.includes_unanswerable = config.llm_mode;
    manifest.require_verified_chunks = config.require_verified_chunks;

    let mut changed = ensure_shard_paths(&mut manifest);

    changed |= ensure_case_capacity(dataset, &mut manifest, &params, requested_limit)?;
    refresh_manifest_stats(&mut manifest);

    let desired_negatives = desired_negative_target(
        manifest.positive_paragraphs,
        requested_corpus,
        dataset.paragraphs.len(),
        config.negative_multiplier,
    );
    changed |= ensure_negative_pool(
        dataset,
        &mut manifest,
        &params,
        desired_negatives,
        requested_corpus,
    );
    refresh_manifest_stats(&mut manifest);

    if changed {
        manifest.generated_at = Utc::now();
        write_manifest(&path, &manifest)?;
        info!(
            slice = %manifest.slice_id,
            path = %path.display(),
            cases = manifest.case_count,
            positives = manifest.positive_paragraphs,
            negatives = manifest.negative_paragraphs,
            "Updated dataset slice ledger"
        );
    } else {
        info!(
            slice = %manifest.slice_id,
            path = %path.display(),
            cases = manifest.case_count,
            positives = manifest.positive_paragraphs,
            negatives = manifest.negative_paragraphs,
            "Reusing cached slice ledger"
        );
    }

    manifest_to_resolved(dataset, index, manifest, path)
}

fn load_explicit_slice(
    dataset: &ConvertedDataset,
    index: &DatasetIndex,
    config: &SliceConfig<'_>,
    slice_arg: &str,
) -> Result<(PathBuf, SliceManifest)> {
    let candidate_path = explicit_slice_path(dataset, config, slice_arg);

    let manifest = read_manifest(&candidate_path)
        .with_context(|| format!("reading slice manifest at {}", candidate_path.display()))?;

    if manifest.dataset_id != dataset.metadata.id {
        return Err(anyhow!(
            "slice '{}' targets dataset '{}', but '{}' is loaded",
            manifest.slice_id,
            manifest.dataset_id,
            dataset.metadata.id
        ));
    }
    if manifest.includes_unanswerable != config.llm_mode {
        return Err(anyhow!(
            "slice '{}' includes_unanswerable mismatch (expected {}, found {})",
            manifest.slice_id,
            config.llm_mode,
            manifest.includes_unanswerable
        ));
    }
    if manifest.require_verified_chunks != config.require_verified_chunks {
        return Err(anyhow!(
            "slice '{}' verified-chunk requirement mismatch (expected {}, found {})",
            manifest.slice_id,
            config.require_verified_chunks,
            manifest.require_verified_chunks
        ));
    }

    // Validate the manifest before returning.
    manifest_to_resolved(dataset, index, manifest.clone(), candidate_path.clone())?;

    Ok((candidate_path, manifest))
}

fn empty_manifest(
    dataset: &ConvertedDataset,
    slice_id: String,
    params: &BuildParams,
    requested_corpus: usize,
    negative_multiplier: f32,
    require_verified_chunks: bool,
    requested_limit: Option<usize>,
) -> SliceManifest {
    SliceManifest {
        version: SLICE_VERSION,
        slice_id,
        dataset_id: dataset.metadata.id.clone(),
        dataset_label: dataset.metadata.label.clone(),
        dataset_source: dataset.source.clone(),
        includes_unanswerable: params.include_impossible,
        require_verified_chunks,
        seed: params.base_seed,
        requested_limit,
        requested_corpus,
        negative_multiplier,
        generated_at: Utc::now(),
        case_count: 0,
        positive_paragraphs: 0,
        negative_paragraphs: 0,
        total_paragraphs: 0,
        cases: Vec::new(),
        paragraphs: Vec::new(),
    }
}

#[allow(clippy::indexing_slicing, clippy::arithmetic_side_effects)]
fn ensure_case_capacity(
    dataset: &ConvertedDataset,
    manifest: &mut SliceManifest,
    params: &BuildParams,
    target_cases: usize,
) -> Result<bool> {
    if manifest.case_count >= target_cases {
        return Ok(false);
    }

    let question_refs = ordered_question_refs(dataset, params, target_cases)?;
    let mut existing_questions: HashSet<String> = manifest
        .cases
        .iter()
        .map(|case| case.question_id.clone())
        .collect();
    let mut paragraph_positions: HashMap<String, usize> = manifest
        .paragraphs
        .iter()
        .enumerate()
        .map(|(idx, entry)| (entry.id.clone(), idx))
        .collect();

    let mut changed = false;

    for (p_idx, q_idx) in question_refs {
        if manifest.case_count >= target_cases {
            break;
        }
        let paragraph = &dataset.paragraphs[p_idx];
        let question = &paragraph.questions[q_idx];
        if !existing_questions.insert(question.id.clone()) {
            continue;
        }

        if let Some(idx) = paragraph_positions.get(paragraph.id.as_str()).copied() {
            match &mut manifest.paragraphs[idx].kind {
                SliceParagraphKind::Positive { question_ids } => {
                    if !question_ids.contains(&question.id) {
                        question_ids.push(question.id.clone());
                    }
                }
                SliceParagraphKind::Negative => {
                    manifest.paragraphs[idx].kind = SliceParagraphKind::Positive {
                        question_ids: vec![question.id.clone()],
                    };
                }
            }
        } else {
            manifest.paragraphs.push(SliceParagraphEntry {
                id: paragraph.id.clone(),
                kind: SliceParagraphKind::Positive {
                    question_ids: vec![question.id.clone()],
                },
                shard_path: Some(default_shard_path(&paragraph.id)),
            });
            let idx = manifest.paragraphs.len() - 1;
            paragraph_positions.insert(paragraph.id.clone(), idx);
        }

        manifest.cases.push(SliceCaseEntry {
            question_id: question.id.clone(),
            paragraph_id: paragraph.id.clone(),
        });
        manifest.case_count += 1;
        changed = true;
    }

    if manifest.case_count < target_cases {
        return Err(anyhow!(
            "only {}/{} eligible questions available for dataset {}",
            manifest.case_count,
            target_cases,
            dataset.metadata.id
        ));
    }

    Ok(changed)
}

fn ordered_question_refs(
    dataset: &ConvertedDataset,
    params: &BuildParams,
    target_cases: usize,
) -> Result<Vec<(usize, usize)>> {
    if dataset.metadata.id == DatasetKind::Beir.id() {
        return beir::ordered_question_refs_beir(dataset, params, target_cases);
    }

    let mut question_refs = Vec::new();
    for (p_idx, paragraph) in dataset.paragraphs.iter().enumerate() {
        for (q_idx, question) in paragraph.questions.iter().enumerate() {
            let include = if params.include_impossible {
                true
            } else {
                !question.is_impossible && !question.answers.is_empty()
            };
            if include {
                question_refs.push((p_idx, q_idx));
            }
        }
    }

    if question_refs.is_empty() {
        return Err(anyhow!(
            "no eligible questions found for dataset {}; cannot build slice",
            dataset.metadata.id
        ));
    }

    let mut rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(params.rng_seed);
    question_refs.shuffle(&mut rng);
    Ok(question_refs)
}

#[allow(clippy::indexing_slicing)]
fn ensure_negative_pool(
    dataset: &ConvertedDataset,
    manifest: &mut SliceManifest,
    params: &BuildParams,
    target_negatives: usize,
    requested_corpus: usize,
) -> bool {
    let current_negatives = manifest
        .paragraphs
        .iter()
        .filter(|entry| matches!(entry.kind, SliceParagraphKind::Negative))
        .count();
    if current_negatives >= target_negatives {
        return false;
    }

    let positive_ids: HashSet<String> = manifest
        .paragraphs
        .iter()
        .filter_map(|entry| match entry.kind {
            SliceParagraphKind::Positive { .. } => Some(entry.id.clone()),
            SliceParagraphKind::Negative => None,
        })
        .collect();
    let mut negative_ids: HashSet<String> = manifest
        .paragraphs
        .iter()
        .filter_map(|entry| match entry.kind {
            SliceParagraphKind::Negative => Some(entry.id.clone()),
            SliceParagraphKind::Positive { .. } => None,
        })
        .collect();

    let negative_seed = mix_seed(
        &format!("{}::negatives", dataset.metadata.id),
        params.base_seed,
    );
    let candidates = ordered_negative_indices(dataset, &positive_ids, negative_seed);
    let mut added = false;
    for idx in candidates {
        if negative_ids.len() >= target_negatives {
            break;
        }
        let paragraph = &dataset.paragraphs[idx];
        if negative_ids.contains(paragraph.id.as_str())
            || positive_ids.contains(paragraph.id.as_str())
        {
            continue;
        }
        manifest.paragraphs.push(SliceParagraphEntry {
            id: paragraph.id.clone(),
            kind: SliceParagraphKind::Negative,
            shard_path: Some(default_shard_path(&paragraph.id)),
        });
        negative_ids.insert(paragraph.id.clone());
        added = true;
    }

    if negative_ids.len() < target_negatives {
        warn!(
            dataset = %dataset.metadata.id,
            desired = target_negatives,
            available = negative_ids.len(),
            requested_corpus,
            "Insufficient negative paragraphs to satisfy multiplier"
        );
    }

    added
}

fn ordered_negative_indices(
    dataset: &ConvertedDataset,
    positive_ids: &HashSet<String>,
    rng_seed: u64,
) -> Vec<usize> {
    let mut candidates: Vec<usize> = dataset
        .paragraphs
        .iter()
        .enumerate()
        .filter_map(|(idx, paragraph)| {
            if positive_ids.contains(paragraph.id.as_str()) {
                None
            } else {
                Some(idx)
            }
        })
        .collect();
    let mut rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(rng_seed);
    candidates.shuffle(&mut rng);
    candidates
}

fn refresh_manifest_stats(manifest: &mut SliceManifest) {
    manifest.case_count = manifest.cases.len();
    manifest.positive_paragraphs = manifest
        .paragraphs
        .iter()
        .filter(|entry| matches!(entry.kind, SliceParagraphKind::Positive { .. }))
        .count();
    manifest.negative_paragraphs = manifest
        .paragraphs
        .iter()
        .filter(|entry| matches!(entry.kind, SliceParagraphKind::Negative))
        .count();
    manifest.total_paragraphs = manifest.paragraphs.len();
}

fn ensure_shard_paths(manifest: &mut SliceManifest) -> bool {
    let mut changed = false;
    for entry in &mut manifest.paragraphs {
        if entry.shard_path.is_none() {
            entry.shard_path = Some(default_shard_path(&entry.id));
            changed = true;
        }
    }
    changed
}

#[allow(
    clippy::cast_precision_loss,
    clippy::cast_possible_truncation,
    clippy::cast_sign_loss
)]
fn desired_negative_target(
    positive_count: usize,
    requested_corpus: usize,
    dataset_paragraphs: usize,
    multiplier: f32,
) -> usize {
    if positive_count == 0 {
        return 0;
    }
    let ratio = multiplier.max(0.0);
    let mut desired = ((positive_count as f32) * ratio).ceil() as usize;
    let max_total = requested_corpus.min(dataset_paragraphs).max(positive_count);
    let max_negatives = max_total.saturating_sub(positive_count);
    desired = desired.min(max_negatives);
    desired
}

fn manifest_to_resolved<'a>(
    dataset: &'a ConvertedDataset,
    index: &DatasetIndex,
    manifest: SliceManifest,
    path: PathBuf,
) -> Result<ResolvedSlice<'a>> {
    if manifest.version != SLICE_VERSION {
        return Err(anyhow!(
            "slice version {} does not match expected {}",
            manifest.version,
            SLICE_VERSION
        ));
    }

    let mut paragraphs = Vec::with_capacity(manifest.paragraphs.len());
    for entry in &manifest.paragraphs {
        let paragraph = index.paragraph(dataset, &entry.id)?;
        if let SliceParagraphKind::Positive { question_ids } = &entry.kind {
            for question_id in question_ids {
                let (linked_paragraph, _) = index.question(dataset, question_id)?;
                if linked_paragraph.id != entry.id {
                    return Err(anyhow!(
                        "slice question '{}' expected paragraph '{}', found '{}'",
                        question_id,
                        entry.id,
                        linked_paragraph.id
                    ));
                }
            }
        }
        paragraphs.push(paragraph);
    }

    let mut cases = Vec::with_capacity(manifest.cases.len());
    for entry in &manifest.cases {
        let (paragraph, question) = index.question(dataset, &entry.question_id)?;
        if paragraph.id != entry.paragraph_id {
            return Err(anyhow!(
                "slice case '{}' expected paragraph '{}', found '{}'",
                entry.question_id,
                entry.paragraph_id,
                paragraph.id
            ));
        }
        cases.push(CaseRef {
            paragraph,
            question,
        });
    }

    if cases.is_empty() {
        return Err(anyhow!(
            "slice '{}' contains no cases after validation",
            manifest.slice_id
        ));
    }

    Ok(ResolvedSlice {
        manifest,
        path,
        paragraphs,
        cases,
    })
}

fn compute_slice_id(key: &SliceKey<'_>) -> Result<String> {
    let payload = serde_json::to_vec(key).context("SliceKey serialisation failed")?;
    let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
    hasher.update(payload);
    let digest = hasher.finalize();
    Ok(digest
        .iter()
        .take(16)
        .fold(String::with_capacity(32), |mut s, b| {
            let _ = write!(s, "{b:02x}");
            s
        }))
}

pub fn read_manifest_if_exists(path: &Path) -> Result<Option<SliceManifest>> {
    if !path.exists() {
        return Ok(None);
    }
    read_manifest(path).map(Some)
}

pub fn cached_manifest_path(config: &crate::args::Config) -> Option<PathBuf> {
    let slice_arg = config.slice.as_deref()?;
    let explicit_path = Path::new(slice_arg);
    if explicit_path.exists() {
        return Some(explicit_path.to_path_buf());
    }
    Some(
        config
            .cache_dir
            .join("slices")
            .join(config.dataset.id())
            .join(format!("{slice_arg}.json")),
    )
}

pub fn manifest_is_complete(manifest: &SliceManifest, config: &SliceConfig<'_>) -> bool {
    let requested_limit = config.limit.unwrap_or(manifest.case_count.max(1)).max(1);
    if manifest.case_count < requested_limit {
        return false;
    }

    let requested_corpus = config
        .corpus_limit
        .unwrap_or(manifest.total_paragraphs.max(1))
        .max(1);
    let desired_negatives = desired_negative_target(
        manifest.positive_paragraphs,
        requested_corpus,
        manifest
            .total_paragraphs
            .max(manifest.positive_paragraphs.max(1)),
        config.negative_multiplier,
    );
    manifest.negative_paragraphs >= desired_negatives
}

fn read_manifest(path: &Path) -> Result<SliceManifest> {
    let raw = fs::read_to_string(path)
        .with_context(|| format!("reading slice manifest {}", path.display()))?;
    let manifest: SliceManifest = serde_json::from_str(&raw)
        .with_context(|| format!("parsing slice manifest {}", path.display()))?;
    Ok(manifest)
}

fn write_manifest(path: &Path, manifest: &SliceManifest) -> Result<()> {
    if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
        fs::create_dir_all(parent)
            .with_context(|| format!("creating slice directory {}", parent.display()))?;
    }
    let json = serde_json::to_vec_pretty(manifest).context("serialising slice manifest to JSON")?;
    fs::write(path, json).with_context(|| format!("writing slice manifest {}", path.display()))?;
    Ok(())
}

pub fn ledger_target(config: &Config) -> Option<usize> {
    match (config.slice_grow, config.limit) {
        (Some(grow), Some(limit)) => Some(limit.max(grow)),
        (Some(grow), None) => Some(grow),
        (None, limit) => limit,
    }
}

/// Grow the slice ledger to contain the target number of cases.
pub fn grow_slice(dataset: &ConvertedDataset, config: &Config) -> Result<()> {
    let ledger_limit = ledger_target(config);
    let slice_settings = slice_config_with_limit(config, ledger_limit);
    let slice = resolve_slice(dataset, &slice_settings).context("resolving dataset slice")?;
    info!(
        slice = slice.manifest.slice_id.as_str(),
        cases = slice.manifest.case_count,
        positives = slice.manifest.positive_paragraphs,
        negatives = slice.manifest.negative_paragraphs,
        total_paragraphs = slice.manifest.total_paragraphs,
        "Slice ledger ready"
    );
    println!(
        "Slice `{}` now contains {} questions ({} positives, {} negatives)",
        slice.manifest.slice_id,
        slice.manifest.case_count,
        slice.manifest.positive_paragraphs,
        slice.manifest.negative_paragraphs
    );
    Ok(())
}

pub fn slice_config_with_limit(config: &Config, limit_override: Option<usize>) -> SliceConfig<'_> {
    SliceConfig {
        cache_dir: config.cache_dir.as_path(),
        force_convert: config.force_convert,
        explicit_slice: config.slice.as_deref(),
        limit: limit_override.or(config.limit),
        corpus_limit: config.corpus_limit,
        slice_seed: config.slice_seed,
        llm_mode: config.llm_mode,
        negative_multiplier: config.negative_multiplier,
        require_verified_chunks: config.retrieval.require_verified_chunks,
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::datasets::{
        ConvertedDataset, ConvertedParagraph, ConvertedQuestion, DatasetKind, DatasetMetadata,
    };
    use tempfile::tempdir;

    fn sample_dataset() -> ConvertedDataset {
        let metadata = DatasetMetadata::for_kind(DatasetKind::SquadV2, false);
        ConvertedDataset {
            generated_at: Utc::now(),
            metadata,
            source: "test-source".to_string(),
            paragraphs: vec![
                ConvertedParagraph {
                    id: "p1".to_string(),
                    title: "Alpha".to_string(),
                    context: "Alpha context".to_string(),
                    questions: vec![ConvertedQuestion {
                        id: "q1".to_string(),
                        question: "What is alpha?".to_string(),
                        answers: vec!["Alpha".to_string()],
                        is_impossible: false,
                    }],
                },
                ConvertedParagraph {
                    id: "p2".to_string(),
                    title: "Beta".to_string(),
                    context: "Beta context".to_string(),
                    questions: vec![ConvertedQuestion {
                        id: "q2".to_string(),
                        question: "What is beta?".to_string(),
                        answers: vec!["Beta".to_string()],
                        is_impossible: false,
                    }],
                },
                ConvertedParagraph {
                    id: "p3".to_string(),
                    title: "Gamma".to_string(),
                    context: "Gamma context".to_string(),
                    questions: vec![ConvertedQuestion {
                        id: "q3".to_string(),
                        question: "What is gamma?".to_string(),
                        answers: vec!["Gamma".to_string()],
                        is_impossible: false,
                    }],
                },
            ],
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn resolve_slice_reuses_cached_manifest() -> Result<()> {
        let dataset = sample_dataset();
        let temp = tempdir().context("creating temp directory")?;

        let mut config = SliceConfig {
            cache_dir: temp.path(),
            force_convert: false,
            explicit_slice: None,
            limit: Some(2),
            corpus_limit: Some(3),
            slice_seed: 0x5eed_2025,
            llm_mode: false,
            negative_multiplier: DEFAULT_NEGATIVE_MULTIPLIER,
            require_verified_chunks: true,
        };

        let first = resolve_slice(&dataset, &config)?;
        assert!(first.path.exists());
        let initial_generated = first.manifest.generated_at;

        let second = resolve_slice(&dataset, &config)?;
        assert_eq!(first.manifest.slice_id, second.manifest.slice_id);
        assert_eq!(initial_generated, second.manifest.generated_at);

        config.force_convert = true;
        let third = resolve_slice(&dataset, &config)?;
        assert_eq!(first.manifest.slice_id, third.manifest.slice_id);
        assert_ne!(third.manifest.generated_at, initial_generated);

        Ok(())
    }

    #[test]
    #[allow(clippy::indexing_slicing)]
    fn select_window_yields_expected_cases() -> Result<()> {
        let dataset = sample_dataset();
        let temp = tempdir().context("creating temp directory")?;
        let config = SliceConfig {
            cache_dir: temp.path(),
            force_convert: false,
            explicit_slice: None,
            limit: Some(3),
            corpus_limit: Some(3),
            slice_seed: 0x5eed_2025,
            llm_mode: false,
            negative_multiplier: DEFAULT_NEGATIVE_MULTIPLIER,
            require_verified_chunks: true,
        };
        let resolved = resolve_slice(&dataset, &config)?;
        let window = select_window(&resolved, 1, Some(1))?;
        assert_eq!(window.offset, 1);
        assert_eq!(window.length, 1);
        assert_eq!(window.total_cases, resolved.manifest.case_count);
        assert_eq!(window.cases.len(), 1);
        let positive_ids: Vec<&str> = window.positive_ids().collect();
        assert_eq!(positive_ids.len(), 1);
        assert!(
            resolved
                .manifest
                .paragraphs
                .iter()
                .any(|entry| entry.id == positive_ids[0])
        );
        Ok(())
    }

    #[test]
    #[allow(clippy::indexing_slicing)]
    fn beir_mix_balances_and_rebalances() -> Result<()> {
        let mut paragraphs = Vec::new();
        let counts = [
            ("fever", 1usize),
            ("fiqa", 2usize),
            ("hotpotqa", 1usize),
            ("nfcorpus", 0usize),
            ("quora", 3usize),
            ("trec-covid", 2usize),
        ];

        for (prefix, count) in counts {
            for idx in 0..count {
                let q_id = format!("{prefix}-q{idx}");
                paragraphs.push(ConvertedParagraph {
                    id: format!("{prefix}-p{idx}"),
                    title: format!("{prefix} title"),
                    context: format!("{prefix} context {idx}"),
                    questions: vec![ConvertedQuestion {
                        id: q_id,
                        question: format!("{prefix} question {idx}"),
                        answers: vec!["answer".to_string()],
                        is_impossible: false,
                    }],
                });
            }
        }

        let metadata = DatasetMetadata::for_kind(DatasetKind::Beir, false);
        let dataset = ConvertedDataset {
            generated_at: Utc::now(),
            metadata,
            source: "beir-mix".to_string(),
            paragraphs,
        };

        let params = BuildParams {
            include_impossible: false,
            base_seed: 0xAA,
            rng_seed: 0xBB,
        };

        let refs = beir::ordered_question_refs_beir(&dataset, &params, 8)?;
        let mut per_prefix: HashMap<String, usize> = HashMap::new();
        for (p_idx, q_idx) in refs {
            let question = &dataset.paragraphs[p_idx].questions[q_idx];
            let prefix = beir::question_prefix(&question.id).unwrap_or("unknown");
            *per_prefix.entry(prefix.to_string()).or_default() += 1;
        }

        assert_eq!(per_prefix.get("fever").copied().unwrap_or(0), 1);
        assert_eq!(per_prefix.get("fiqa").copied().unwrap_or(0), 2);
        assert_eq!(per_prefix.get("hotpotqa").copied().unwrap_or(0), 1);
        assert_eq!(per_prefix.get("nfcorpus").copied().unwrap_or(0), 0);
        assert_eq!(per_prefix.get("quora").copied().unwrap_or(0), 2);
        assert_eq!(per_prefix.get("trec-covid").copied().unwrap_or(0), 2);

        Ok(())
    }
}