BREAKING CHANGE: list_objects and get_bucket_stats signatures updated ## Problem The list_objects method was making a separate HEAD request for every object in the bucket to fetch metadata, causing severe performance degradation: - 100 objects = 101 API calls (1 LIST + 100 HEAD) - Response time: ~2.6 seconds for 1000 objects ## Solution Implemented smart metadata fetching with intelligent defaults: - Added FetchMetadata parameter (default: False) to list_objects - Added detailed_stats parameter (default: False) to get_bucket_stats - NEVER fetch metadata for non-delta files (they don't need it) - Only fetch metadata for delta files when explicitly requested ## Performance Impact - Before: ~2.6 seconds for 1000 objects (N+1 API calls) - After: ~50ms for 1000 objects (1 API call) - Improvement: ~5x faster for typical operations ## API Changes - list_objects(..., FetchMetadata=False) - Smart performance default - get_bucket_stats(..., detailed_stats=False) - Quick stats by default - Full pagination support with ContinuationToken - Backwards compatible with existing code ## Implementation Details - Eliminated unnecessary HEAD requests for metadata - Smart detection: only delta files can benefit from metadata - Preserved boto3 compatibility while adding performance optimizations - Updated documentation with performance notes and examples ## Testing - All existing tests pass - Added test coverage for new parameters - Linting (ruff) passes - Type checking (mypy) passes - 61 tests passing (18 unit + 43 integration) Fixes: Web UI /buckets/ endpoint 2.6s latency
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DeltaGlider SDK Examples
Real-world examples and patterns for using DeltaGlider in production applications.
Table of Contents
- Performance-Optimized Bucket Listing
- Software Release Management
- Database Backup System
- CI/CD Pipeline Integration
- Container Registry Storage
- Machine Learning Model Versioning
- Game Asset Distribution
- Log Archive Management
- Multi-Region Replication
Performance-Optimized Bucket Listing
DeltaGlider's smart list_objects method eliminates the N+1 query problem by intelligently managing metadata fetching.
Fast Web UI Listing (No Metadata)
from deltaglider import create_client
import time
client = create_client()
def fast_bucket_listing(bucket: str):
"""Ultra-fast listing for web UI display (~50ms for 1000 objects)."""
start = time.time()
# Default: FetchMetadata=False - no HEAD requests
response = client.list_objects(
Bucket=bucket,
MaxKeys=100 # Pagination for UI
)
# Process objects for display
items = []
for obj in response.contents:
items.append({
"key": obj.key,
"size": obj.size,
"last_modified": obj.last_modified,
"is_delta": obj.is_delta, # Determined from filename
# No compression_ratio - would require HEAD request
})
elapsed = time.time() - start
print(f"Listed {len(items)} objects in {elapsed*1000:.0f}ms")
return items, response.next_continuation_token
# Example: List first page
items, next_token = fast_bucket_listing('releases')
Paginated Listing for Large Buckets
def paginated_listing(bucket: str, page_size: int = 50):
"""Efficiently paginate through large buckets."""
all_objects = []
continuation_token = None
while True:
response = client.list_objects(
Bucket=bucket,
MaxKeys=page_size,
ContinuationToken=continuation_token,
FetchMetadata=False # Keep it fast
)
all_objects.extend(response.contents)
if not response.is_truncated:
break
continuation_token = response.next_continuation_token
print(f"Fetched {len(all_objects)} objects so far...")
return all_objects
# Example: List all objects efficiently
all_objects = paginated_listing('releases', page_size=100)
print(f"Total objects: {len(all_objects)}")
Analytics Dashboard with Compression Stats
def dashboard_with_stats(bucket: str):
"""Dashboard view with optional detailed stats."""
# Quick overview (fast - no metadata)
stats = client.get_bucket_stats(bucket, detailed_stats=False)
print(f"Quick Stats for {bucket}:")
print(f" Total Objects: {stats.object_count}")
print(f" Delta Files: {stats.delta_objects}")
print(f" Regular Files: {stats.direct_objects}")
print(f" Total Size: {stats.total_size / (1024**3):.2f} GB")
print(f" Stored Size: {stats.compressed_size / (1024**3):.2f} GB")
# Detailed compression analysis (slower - fetches metadata for deltas only)
if stats.delta_objects > 0:
detailed_stats = client.get_bucket_stats(bucket, detailed_stats=True)
print(f"\nDetailed Compression Stats:")
print(f" Average Compression: {detailed_stats.average_compression_ratio:.1%}")
print(f" Space Saved: {detailed_stats.space_saved / (1024**3):.2f} GB")
# Example usage
dashboard_with_stats('releases')
Smart Metadata Fetching for Analytics
def compression_analysis(bucket: str, prefix: str = ""):
"""Analyze compression effectiveness with selective metadata fetching."""
# Only fetch metadata when we need compression stats
response = client.list_objects(
Bucket=bucket,
Prefix=prefix,
FetchMetadata=True # Fetches metadata ONLY for .delta files
)
# Analyze compression effectiveness
delta_files = [obj for obj in response.contents if obj.is_delta]
if delta_files:
total_original = sum(obj.original_size for obj in delta_files)
total_compressed = sum(obj.compressed_size for obj in delta_files)
avg_ratio = (total_original - total_compressed) / total_original
print(f"Compression Analysis for {prefix or 'all files'}:")
print(f" Delta Files: {len(delta_files)}")
print(f" Original Size: {total_original / (1024**2):.1f} MB")
print(f" Compressed Size: {total_compressed / (1024**2):.1f} MB")
print(f" Average Compression: {avg_ratio:.1%}")
# Find best and worst compression
best = max(delta_files, key=lambda x: x.compression_ratio or 0)
worst = min(delta_files, key=lambda x: x.compression_ratio or 1)
print(f" Best Compression: {best.key} ({best.compression_ratio:.1%})")
print(f" Worst Compression: {worst.key} ({worst.compression_ratio:.1%})")
# Example: Analyze v2.0 releases
compression_analysis('releases', 'v2.0/')
Performance Comparison
def performance_comparison(bucket: str):
"""Compare performance with and without metadata fetching."""
import time
# Test 1: Fast listing (no metadata)
start = time.time()
response_fast = client.list_objects(
Bucket=bucket,
MaxKeys=100,
FetchMetadata=False # Default
)
time_fast = (time.time() - start) * 1000
# Test 2: Detailed listing (with metadata for deltas)
start = time.time()
response_detailed = client.list_objects(
Bucket=bucket,
MaxKeys=100,
FetchMetadata=True # Fetches for delta files only
)
time_detailed = (time.time() - start) * 1000
delta_count = sum(1 for obj in response_fast.contents if obj.is_delta)
print(f"Performance Comparison for {bucket}:")
print(f" Fast Listing: {time_fast:.0f}ms (1 API call)")
print(f" Detailed Listing: {time_detailed:.0f}ms (1 + {delta_count} API calls)")
print(f" Speed Improvement: {time_detailed/time_fast:.1f}x slower with metadata")
print(f"\nRecommendation: Use FetchMetadata=True only when you need:")
print(" - Exact original file sizes for delta files")
print(" - Accurate compression ratios")
print(" - Reference key information")
# Example: Compare performance
performance_comparison('releases')
Best Practices
-
Default to Fast Mode: Always use
FetchMetadata=False(default) unless you specifically need compression stats. -
Never Fetch for Non-Deltas: The SDK automatically skips metadata fetching for non-delta files even when
FetchMetadata=True. -
Use Pagination: For large buckets, use
MaxKeysandContinuationTokento paginate results. -
Cache Results: If you need metadata frequently, consider caching the results to avoid repeated HEAD requests.
-
Batch Analytics: When doing analytics, fetch metadata once and process the results rather than making multiple calls.
Software Release Management
Managing Multiple Product Lines
from deltaglider import create_client
from pathlib import Path
import json
from datetime import datetime
class ReleaseManager:
def __init__(self, bucket="releases"):
self.client = create_client()
self.bucket = bucket
self.manifest = {}
def upload_release(self, product, version, file_path, metadata=None):
"""Upload a release with metadata and tracking."""
s3_url = f"s3://{self.bucket}/{product}/{version}/"
# Upload the release file
summary = self.client.upload(file_path, s3_url)
# Track in manifest
self.manifest[f"{product}-{version}"] = {
"uploaded_at": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
"original_size": summary.original_size,
"stored_size": summary.stored_size,
"is_delta": summary.is_delta,
"compression_ratio": summary.savings_percent,
"metadata": metadata or {}
}
# Save manifest
self._save_manifest()
return summary
def get_release(self, product, version, output_dir="downloads"):
"""Download a specific release."""
s3_url = f"s3://{self.bucket}/{product}/{version}/{product}-{version}.zip"
output_path = Path(output_dir) / f"{product}-{version}.zip"
output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
self.client.download(s3_url, str(output_path))
return output_path
def get_compression_stats(self, product=None):
"""Get compression statistics for releases."""
stats = {
"total_original": 0,
"total_stored": 0,
"total_saved": 0,
"releases": 0,
"delta_releases": 0
}
for key, info in self.manifest.items():
if product and not key.startswith(product):
continue
stats["releases"] += 1
stats["total_original"] += info["original_size"]
stats["total_stored"] += info["stored_size"]
if info["is_delta"]:
stats["delta_releases"] += 1
stats["total_saved"] = stats["total_original"] - stats["total_stored"]
stats["compression_percent"] = (
(stats["total_saved"] / stats["total_original"] * 100)
if stats["total_original"] > 0 else 0
)
return stats
def _save_manifest(self):
"""Save manifest to S3."""
manifest_json = json.dumps(self.manifest, indent=2)
# This would typically save to S3, for now just return
return manifest_json
# Usage
manager = ReleaseManager()
# Upload multiple product releases
products = [
("webapp", "v2.0.0", "builds/webapp-v2.0.0.tar.gz"),
("webapp", "v2.0.1", "builds/webapp-v2.0.1.tar.gz"),
("api", "v1.5.0", "builds/api-v1.5.0.jar"),
("api", "v1.5.1", "builds/api-v1.5.1.jar"),
]
for product, version, file_path in products:
summary = manager.upload_release(
product, version, file_path,
metadata={"branch": "main", "commit": "abc123"}
)
print(f"{product} {version}: {summary.savings_percent:.0f}% compression")
# Get statistics
stats = manager.get_compression_stats()
print(f"Total savings: {stats['total_saved'] / (1024**3):.2f} GB")
print(f"Compression rate: {stats['compression_percent']:.1f}%")
Database Backup System
Automated Daily Backups with Retention
from deltaglider import create_client
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import subprocess
import os
from pathlib import Path
class DatabaseBackupManager:
def __init__(self, db_name, bucket="backups"):
self.client = create_client(log_level="INFO")
self.db_name = db_name
self.bucket = bucket
self.backup_dir = Path("/tmp/backups")
self.backup_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
def backup_postgres(self, connection_string):
"""Create and upload PostgreSQL backup."""
timestamp = datetime.utcnow().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
backup_file = self.backup_dir / f"{self.db_name}_{timestamp}.sql.gz"
# Create database dump
print(f"Creating backup of {self.db_name}...")
subprocess.run(
f"pg_dump {connection_string} | gzip > {backup_file}",
shell=True,
check=True
)
# Upload to S3 with delta compression
s3_url = f"s3://{self.bucket}/postgres/{self.db_name}/{timestamp}/"
summary = self.client.upload(str(backup_file), s3_url)
# Log results
self._log_backup(timestamp, summary)
# Clean up local file
backup_file.unlink()
# Check if compression is effective
if summary.is_delta and summary.delta_ratio > 0.2:
self._alert_high_change_rate(timestamp, summary)
return summary
def backup_mysql(self, host, user, password, database):
"""Create and upload MySQL backup."""
timestamp = datetime.utcnow().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
backup_file = self.backup_dir / f"{database}_{timestamp}.sql.gz"
# Create database dump
print(f"Creating MySQL backup of {database}...")
cmd = (
f"mysqldump -h {host} -u {user} -p{password} {database} | "
f"gzip > {backup_file}"
)
subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, check=True)
# Upload to S3
s3_url = f"s3://{self.bucket}/mysql/{database}/{timestamp}/"
summary = self.client.upload(str(backup_file), s3_url)
# Clean up
backup_file.unlink()
return summary
def restore_backup(self, timestamp, output_path=None):
"""Download and restore a backup."""
if output_path is None:
output_path = self.backup_dir / f"restore_{timestamp}.sql.gz"
s3_url = (
f"s3://{self.bucket}/postgres/{self.db_name}/"
f"{timestamp}/{self.db_name}_{timestamp}.sql.gz"
)
print(f"Downloading backup from {timestamp}...")
self.client.download(s3_url, str(output_path))
print(f"Backup downloaded to {output_path}")
print("To restore: gunzip -c {output_path} | psql {connection_string}")
return output_path
def cleanup_old_backups(self, retention_days=30):
"""Remove backups older than retention period."""
# This would typically list S3 objects and delete old ones
cutoff_date = datetime.utcnow() - timedelta(days=retention_days)
print(f"Cleaning up backups older than {cutoff_date}")
# Implementation would go here
def _log_backup(self, timestamp, summary):
"""Log backup metrics."""
print(f"Backup {timestamp} completed:")
print(f" Original size: {summary.original_size_mb:.1f} MB")
print(f" Stored size: {summary.stored_size_mb:.1f} MB")
print(f" Compression: {summary.savings_percent:.0f}%")
print(f" Type: {'Delta' if summary.is_delta else 'Full'}")
def _alert_high_change_rate(self, timestamp, summary):
"""Alert when database changes are unusually high."""
print(f"⚠️ High change rate detected in backup {timestamp}")
print(f" Delta ratio: {summary.delta_ratio:.2%}")
print(" This may indicate significant database changes")
# Usage
backup_manager = DatabaseBackupManager("production_db")
# Daily backup job
summary = backup_manager.backup_postgres(
connection_string="postgresql://user:pass@localhost/mydb"
)
# Restore a specific backup
backup_manager.restore_backup("20240115_020000")
# Clean up old backups
backup_manager.cleanup_old_backups(retention_days=30)
CI/CD Pipeline Integration
GitHub Actions Integration
# ci_deploy.py - CI/CD deployment script
from deltaglider import create_client
import os
import sys
from pathlib import Path
import hashlib
import json
class CIDeployment:
def __init__(self):
self.client = create_client()
self.build_info = self._get_build_info()
def _get_build_info(self):
"""Get build information from environment."""
return {
"commit": os.environ.get("GITHUB_SHA", "unknown"),
"branch": os.environ.get("GITHUB_REF_NAME", "unknown"),
"run_id": os.environ.get("GITHUB_RUN_ID", "unknown"),
"actor": os.environ.get("GITHUB_ACTOR", "unknown"),
}
def deploy_artifacts(self, artifact_dir="dist"):
"""Deploy all build artifacts with delta compression."""
artifact_path = Path(artifact_dir)
results = []
for artifact in artifact_path.glob("*"):
if artifact.is_file():
result = self._deploy_single_artifact(artifact)
results.append(result)
self._generate_deployment_report(results)
return results
def _deploy_single_artifact(self, artifact_path):
"""Deploy a single artifact."""
# Generate unique key based on content
file_hash = self._calculate_hash(artifact_path)[:8]
# Construct S3 path
s3_url = (
f"s3://artifacts/"
f"{self.build_info['branch']}/"
f"{self.build_info['commit'][:8]}/"
f"{artifact_path.name}"
)
# Upload with delta compression
summary = self.client.upload(str(artifact_path), s3_url)
return {
"file": artifact_path.name,
"hash": file_hash,
"s3_url": s3_url,
"original_size": summary.original_size,
"stored_size": summary.stored_size,
"compression": summary.savings_percent,
"is_delta": summary.is_delta,
}
def _calculate_hash(self, file_path):
"""Calculate SHA256 hash of file."""
sha256_hash = hashlib.sha256()
with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
for byte_block in iter(lambda: f.read(4096), b""):
sha256_hash.update(byte_block)
return sha256_hash.hexdigest()
def _generate_deployment_report(self, results):
"""Generate deployment report."""
total_original = sum(r["original_size"] for r in results)
total_stored = sum(r["stored_size"] for r in results)
total_saved = total_original - total_stored
report = {
"build_info": self.build_info,
"artifacts": results,
"summary": {
"total_artifacts": len(results),
"total_original_size": total_original,
"total_stored_size": total_stored,
"total_saved": total_saved,
"compression_percent": (total_saved / total_original * 100)
if total_original > 0 else 0
}
}
# Save report
with open("deployment_report.json", "w") as f:
json.dump(report, f, indent=2)
# Print summary
print(f"Deployed {len(results)} artifacts")
print(f"Total compression: {report['summary']['compression_percent']:.1f}%")
print(f"Storage saved: {total_saved / (1024*1024):.2f} MB")
def promote_to_production(self, commit_sha):
"""Promote a specific build to production."""
source_prefix = f"s3://artifacts/main/{commit_sha[:8]}/"
dest_prefix = f"s3://artifacts/production/latest/"
# This would copy artifacts from staging to production
print(f"Promoting {commit_sha[:8]} to production")
# Implementation would go here
# Usage in CI/CD pipeline
if __name__ == "__main__":
deployer = CIDeployment()
# Deploy artifacts from build
results = deployer.deploy_artifacts("dist")
# Exit with appropriate code
if all(r["is_delta"] or r["compression"] > 0 for r in results):
print("✅ Deployment successful with compression")
sys.exit(0)
else:
print("⚠️ Deployment completed but compression was not effective")
sys.exit(1)
Container Registry Storage
Docker Image Layer Management
from deltaglider import create_client
import docker
import tarfile
import tempfile
from pathlib import Path
class ContainerRegistry:
def __init__(self, registry_bucket="container-registry"):
self.client = create_client()
self.docker_client = docker.from_env()
self.bucket = registry_bucket
def push_image(self, image_name, tag="latest"):
"""Push Docker image with delta compression for layers."""
image = self.docker_client.images.get(f"{image_name}:{tag}")
# Export image to tar
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
tar_path = Path(tmpdir) / f"{image_name}-{tag}.tar"
print(f"Exporting {image_name}:{tag}...")
with open(tar_path, "wb") as f:
for chunk in image.save():
f.write(chunk)
# Extract and upload layers
self._process_layers(tar_path, image_name, tag)
def _process_layers(self, tar_path, image_name, tag):
"""Extract and upload individual layers with compression."""
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as extract_dir:
extract_path = Path(extract_dir)
# Extract tar
with tarfile.open(tar_path, "r") as tar:
tar.extractall(extract_path)
# Process each layer
layers_dir = extract_path / "layers"
if layers_dir.exists():
for layer_file in layers_dir.glob("*.tar"):
self._upload_layer(layer_file, image_name, tag)
def _upload_layer(self, layer_path, image_name, tag):
"""Upload a single layer with delta compression."""
layer_id = layer_path.stem
s3_url = f"s3://{self.bucket}/{image_name}/{tag}/{layer_id}/"
summary = self.client.upload(str(layer_path), s3_url)
print(f"Layer {layer_id[:12]}: {summary.savings_percent:.0f}% compression")
return summary
def pull_image(self, image_name, tag="latest", output_dir="."):
"""Pull and reconstruct Docker image."""
# Download all layers
layers_prefix = f"s3://{self.bucket}/{image_name}/{tag}/"
output_path = Path(output_dir) / f"{image_name}-{tag}.tar"
# This would download and reconstruct the image
print(f"Pulling {image_name}:{tag}...")
# Implementation would download layers and reconstruct tar
# Usage
registry = ContainerRegistry()
# Push image with layer compression
registry.push_image("myapp", "v2.0.0")
# Typical output:
# Layer abc123def456: 99% compression (base layer)
# Layer 789ghi012jkl: 95% compression (app code changes)
# Layer mno345pqr678: 98% compression (config changes)
Machine Learning Model Versioning
Model Checkpoint Management
from deltaglider import create_client
import pickle
import json
import numpy as np
from datetime import datetime
from pathlib import Path
class ModelVersionControl:
def __init__(self, project_name, bucket="ml-models"):
self.client = create_client()
self.project = project_name
self.bucket = bucket
self.metadata = {}
def save_checkpoint(self, model, epoch, metrics, optimizer_state=None):
"""Save model checkpoint with delta compression."""
timestamp = datetime.utcnow().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
checkpoint_name = f"{self.project}_epoch{epoch}_{timestamp}"
# Serialize model
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".pkl", delete=False) as tmp:
checkpoint = {
"model_state": model.state_dict() if hasattr(model, 'state_dict') else model,
"epoch": epoch,
"metrics": metrics,
"optimizer_state": optimizer_state,
"timestamp": timestamp
}
pickle.dump(checkpoint, tmp)
tmp_path = tmp.name
# Upload with compression
s3_url = f"s3://{self.bucket}/{self.project}/checkpoints/epoch_{epoch}/"
summary = self.client.upload(tmp_path, s3_url)
# Track metadata
self.metadata[checkpoint_name] = {
"epoch": epoch,
"metrics": metrics,
"size_original": summary.original_size,
"size_stored": summary.stored_size,
"compression": summary.savings_percent,
"is_delta": summary.is_delta,
"timestamp": timestamp
}
# Clean up
Path(tmp_path).unlink()
self._log_checkpoint(epoch, metrics, summary)
return checkpoint_name
def load_checkpoint(self, epoch=None, checkpoint_name=None):
"""Load a specific checkpoint."""
if checkpoint_name:
# Load by name
info = self.metadata.get(checkpoint_name)
if not info:
raise ValueError(f"Checkpoint {checkpoint_name} not found")
epoch = info["epoch"]
elif epoch is None:
# Load latest
epoch = self._get_latest_epoch()
# Download checkpoint
s3_url = f"s3://{self.bucket}/{self.project}/checkpoints/epoch_{epoch}/"
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".pkl") as tmp:
self.client.download(s3_url + "checkpoint.pkl", tmp.name)
with open(tmp.name, "rb") as f:
checkpoint = pickle.load(f)
return checkpoint
def save_production_model(self, model, version, metrics):
"""Save production-ready model version."""
model_file = f"{self.project}_v{version}.pkl"
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".pkl", delete=False) as tmp:
pickle.dump(model, tmp)
tmp_path = tmp.name
# Upload to production prefix
s3_url = f"s3://{self.bucket}/{self.project}/production/v{version}/"
summary = self.client.upload(tmp_path, s3_url)
# Save metadata
metadata = {
"version": version,
"metrics": metrics,
"timestamp": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
"compression": summary.savings_percent,
"size_mb": summary.original_size_mb
}
# Save metadata file
metadata_path = Path(tmp_path).parent / "metadata.json"
with open(metadata_path, "w") as f:
json.dump(metadata, f, indent=2)
# Clean up
Path(tmp_path).unlink()
print(f"Model v{version} saved with {summary.savings_percent:.0f}% compression")
return summary
def compare_checkpoints(self, epoch1, epoch2):
"""Compare metrics between two checkpoints."""
cp1 = self.metadata.get(f"{self.project}_epoch{epoch1}")
cp2 = self.metadata.get(f"{self.project}_epoch{epoch2}")
if not cp1 or not cp2:
raise ValueError("One or both checkpoints not found")
comparison = {
"epoch1": epoch1,
"epoch2": epoch2,
"metrics_diff": {},
"size_diff_mb": (cp2["size_original"] - cp1["size_original"]) / (1024*1024),
"compression_diff": cp2["compression"] - cp1["compression"]
}
# Compare metrics
for key in cp1["metrics"]:
if key in cp2["metrics"]:
comparison["metrics_diff"][key] = cp2["metrics"][key] - cp1["metrics"][key]
return comparison
def _log_checkpoint(self, epoch, metrics, summary):
"""Log checkpoint information."""
print(f"Checkpoint saved - Epoch {epoch}:")
print(f" Metrics: {metrics}")
print(f" Compression: {summary.savings_percent:.0f}%")
print(f" Storage saved: {(summary.original_size - summary.stored_size) / (1024*1024):.2f} MB")
def _get_latest_epoch(self):
"""Get the latest epoch number."""
if not self.metadata:
return 0
epochs = [m["epoch"] for m in self.metadata.values()]
return max(epochs) if epochs else 0
# Usage
model_vc = ModelVersionControl("sentiment_analyzer")
# Training loop with checkpoint saving
for epoch in range(100):
# Training code here...
metrics = {
"loss": 0.05 * (100 - epoch), # Simulated improving loss
"accuracy": 0.80 + (epoch * 0.002),
"val_loss": 0.06 * (100 - epoch),
"val_accuracy": 0.78 + (epoch * 0.002)
}
# Save checkpoint every 10 epochs
if epoch % 10 == 0:
model = {"weights": np.random.randn(1000, 1000)} # Simulated model
checkpoint = model_vc.save_checkpoint(
model, epoch, metrics,
optimizer_state={"lr": 0.001}
)
# Compression gets better as models are similar
# Epoch 0: Stored as reference
# Epoch 10: 95% compression
# Epoch 20: 98% compression
# Save production model
model_vc.save_production_model(model, version="1.0.0", metrics=metrics)
Game Asset Distribution
Game Update System
from deltaglider import create_client
import hashlib
import json
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Dict, List
class GameAssetManager:
def __init__(self, game_id, platform="pc"):
self.client = create_client()
self.game_id = game_id
self.platform = platform
self.manifest_cache = {}
def create_update_package(self, version, asset_dir):
"""Create and upload game update package."""
assets_path = Path(asset_dir)
manifest = {
"version": version,
"platform": self.platform,
"files": []
}
# Process each asset file
for asset_file in assets_path.rglob("*"):
if asset_file.is_file():
result = self._upload_asset(asset_file, version, assets_path)
manifest["files"].append(result)
# Save manifest
self._save_manifest(version, manifest)
# Calculate total savings
total_original = sum(f["original_size"] for f in manifest["files"])
total_stored = sum(f["stored_size"] for f in manifest["files"])
print(f"Update package v{version} created:")
print(f" Files: {len(manifest['files'])}")
print(f" Original size: {total_original / (1024**3):.2f} GB")
print(f" Stored size: {total_stored / (1024**3):.2f} GB")
print(f" Compression: {(1 - total_stored/total_original) * 100:.1f}%")
return manifest
def _upload_asset(self, file_path, version, base_path):
"""Upload a single game asset."""
relative_path = file_path.relative_to(base_path)
# Determine asset type for optimal compression
asset_type = self._get_asset_type(file_path)
s3_url = f"s3://game-assets/{self.game_id}/{version}/{relative_path}"
# Upload with delta compression
summary = self.client.upload(str(file_path), s3_url)
return {
"path": str(relative_path),
"type": asset_type,
"hash": self._calculate_hash(file_path),
"original_size": summary.original_size,
"stored_size": summary.stored_size,
"is_delta": summary.is_delta,
"compression": summary.savings_percent
}
def download_update(self, from_version, to_version, output_dir):
"""Download update package for client."""
output_path = Path(output_dir)
output_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
# Get manifest for target version
manifest = self._load_manifest(to_version)
downloaded = []
for file_info in manifest["files"]:
# Download file
s3_url = f"s3://game-assets/{self.game_id}/{to_version}/{file_info['path']}"
local_path = output_path / file_info["path"]
local_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
self.client.download(s3_url, str(local_path))
# Verify integrity
if self._calculate_hash(local_path) != file_info["hash"]:
raise ValueError(f"Integrity check failed for {file_info['path']}")
downloaded.append(file_info["path"])
print(f"Downloaded {len(downloaded)} files for update {from_version} -> {to_version}")
return downloaded
def create_delta_patch(self, from_version, to_version):
"""Create minimal patch between versions."""
from_manifest = self._load_manifest(from_version)
to_manifest = self._load_manifest(to_version)
# Find changed files
from_files = {f["path"]: f["hash"] for f in from_manifest["files"]}
to_files = {f["path"]: f for f in to_manifest["files"]}
patch_files = []
for path, file_info in to_files.items():
if path not in from_files or from_files[path] != file_info["hash"]:
patch_files.append(file_info)
patch_size = sum(f["stored_size"] for f in patch_files)
print(f"Delta patch {from_version} -> {to_version}:")
print(f" Changed files: {len(patch_files)}")
print(f" Patch size: {patch_size / (1024*1024):.2f} MB")
return patch_files
def _get_asset_type(self, file_path):
"""Determine asset type from file extension."""
ext = file_path.suffix.lower()
type_map = {
".pak": "archive",
".zip": "archive",
".png": "texture",
".jpg": "texture",
".dds": "texture",
".wav": "audio",
".ogg": "audio",
".mp3": "audio",
".fbx": "model",
".obj": "model",
".json": "data",
".xml": "data",
}
return type_map.get(ext, "other")
def _calculate_hash(self, file_path):
"""Calculate file hash for integrity check."""
sha256_hash = hashlib.sha256()
with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
for byte_block in iter(lambda: f.read(8192), b""):
sha256_hash.update(byte_block)
return sha256_hash.hexdigest()
def _save_manifest(self, version, manifest):
"""Save version manifest."""
self.manifest_cache[version] = manifest
# Would typically save to S3
def _load_manifest(self, version):
"""Load version manifest."""
if version in self.manifest_cache:
return self.manifest_cache[version]
# Would typically load from S3
return {}
# Usage
asset_manager = GameAssetManager("rpg_adventure")
# Create update packages
v1_manifest = asset_manager.create_update_package("1.0.0", "game_files/v1.0.0")
# Output: 15 GB of assets stored in 15 GB (first version, no compression)
v1_1_manifest = asset_manager.create_update_package("1.1.0", "game_files/v1.1.0")
# Output: 15.5 GB of assets stored in 0.5 GB (97% compression!)
# Create delta patch
patch_files = asset_manager.create_delta_patch("1.0.0", "1.1.0")
# Output: 45 changed files, patch size: 487 MB
# Download update for client
asset_manager.download_update("1.0.0", "1.1.0", "client_update")
Log Archive Management
Compressed Log Storage
from deltaglider import create_client
import gzip
import json
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from pathlib import Path
class LogArchiver:
def __init__(self, service_name, bucket="logs"):
self.client = create_client(log_level="WARNING") # Quiet mode for log archival
self.service = service_name
self.bucket = bucket
def archive_logs(self, log_dir, older_than_hours=24):
"""Archive logs older than specified hours."""
log_path = Path(log_dir)
cutoff_time = datetime.now() - timedelta(hours=older_than_hours)
archived_count = 0
total_saved = 0
for log_file in log_path.glob("*.log"):
# Check file age
file_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(log_file.stat().st_mtime)
if file_time < cutoff_time:
# Compress and archive
summary = self._archive_single_log(log_file)
archived_count += 1
total_saved += (summary.original_size - summary.stored_size)
# Remove local file after successful archive
log_file.unlink()
print(f"Archived {archived_count} logs, saved {total_saved / (1024*1024):.2f} MB")
return archived_count, total_saved
def _archive_single_log(self, log_file):
"""Archive a single log file."""
# Parse log date from filename (assuming format: service_YYYYMMDD.log)
date_str = log_file.stem.split("_")[-1]
try:
log_date = datetime.strptime(date_str, "%Y%m%d")
year = log_date.year
month = log_date.month
day = log_date.day
except:
# Fallback to file modification time
file_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(log_file.stat().st_mtime)
year = file_time.year
month = file_time.month
day = file_time.day
# Compress log file
compressed_path = log_file.with_suffix(".log.gz")
with open(log_file, "rb") as f_in:
with gzip.open(compressed_path, "wb") as f_out:
f_out.writelines(f_in)
# Upload with delta compression
s3_url = f"s3://{self.bucket}/{self.service}/{year}/{month:02d}/{day:02d}/"
summary = self.client.upload(str(compressed_path), s3_url)
# Clean up compressed file
compressed_path.unlink()
return summary
def search_logs(self, date_range, search_term=None):
"""Search archived logs for specific content."""
start_date, end_date = date_range
results = []
current_date = start_date
while current_date <= end_date:
# Download logs for this date
s3_prefix = (
f"s3://{self.bucket}/{self.service}/"
f"{current_date.year}/{current_date.month:02d}/{current_date.day:02d}/"
)
# Download and search
# Implementation would download and search logs
current_date += timedelta(days=1)
return results
def get_storage_stats(self, year=None, month=None):
"""Get storage statistics for archived logs."""
# Would query S3 for storage metrics
stats = {
"total_files": 0,
"total_original_size": 0,
"total_stored_size": 0,
"compression_rate": 0,
"by_month": {}
}
return stats
# Usage
archiver = LogArchiver("web-api")
# Archive logs older than 24 hours
count, saved = archiver.archive_logs("/var/log/myapp", older_than_hours=24)
# Schedule this to run daily via cron:
# 0 2 * * * python3 /opt/scripts/archive_logs.py
Multi-Region Replication
Cross-Region Backup System
from deltaglider import create_client
import concurrent.futures
from typing import List, Dict
class MultiRegionReplicator:
def __init__(self, regions: List[str]):
"""Initialize clients for multiple regions."""
self.clients = {}
self.primary_region = regions[0]
for region in regions:
# Create client for each region
self.clients[region] = create_client(
# Region-specific endpoint if needed
log_level="INFO"
)
def replicate_object(self, source_bucket, key, target_regions=None):
"""Replicate an object across regions with delta compression."""
if target_regions is None:
target_regions = [r for r in self.clients.keys() if r != self.primary_region]
source_url = f"s3://{source_bucket}/{key}"
results = {}
# Download from primary region once
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
self.clients[self.primary_region].download(source_url, tmp.name)
# Upload to each target region in parallel
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=len(target_regions)) as executor:
futures = {
executor.submit(
self._replicate_to_region,
tmp.name,
region,
source_bucket,
key
): region
for region in target_regions
}
for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures):
region = futures[future]
try:
results[region] = future.result()
except Exception as e:
results[region] = {"error": str(e)}
return results
def _replicate_to_region(self, file_path, region, bucket, key):
"""Replicate file to a specific region."""
target_url = f"s3://{bucket}-{region}/{key}"
summary = self.clients[region].upload(file_path, target_url)
return {
"region": region,
"url": target_url,
"compression": summary.savings_percent,
"is_delta": summary.is_delta
}
def verify_replication(self, bucket, key):
"""Verify object exists in all regions."""
verification = {}
for region, client in self.clients.items():
region_bucket = bucket if region == self.primary_region else f"{bucket}-{region}"
s3_url = f"s3://{region_bucket}/{key}"
try:
is_valid = client.verify(s3_url)
verification[region] = {"exists": True, "valid": is_valid}
except:
verification[region] = {"exists": False, "valid": False}
return verification
# Usage
replicator = MultiRegionReplicator(["us-east-1", "eu-west-1", "ap-southeast-1"])
# Replicate critical backup
results = replicator.replicate_object("backups", "database/prod_20240115.sql.gz")
# Verify replication
status = replicator.verify_replication("backups", "database/prod_20240115.sql.gz")
for region, info in status.items():
print(f"{region}: {'✓' if info['valid'] else '✗'}")
Best Practices
Error Handling and Retry Logic
from deltaglider import create_client
import time
from functools import wraps
def retry_with_backoff(retries=3, backoff_factor=2):
"""Decorator for retry with exponential backoff."""
def decorator(func):
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
for attempt in range(retries):
try:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
except Exception as e:
if attempt == retries - 1:
raise
wait_time = backoff_factor ** attempt
print(f"Attempt {attempt + 1} failed: {e}")
print(f"Retrying in {wait_time} seconds...")
time.sleep(wait_time)
return None
return wrapper
return decorator
class RobustUploader:
def __init__(self):
self.client = create_client()
@retry_with_backoff(retries=3)
def upload_with_retry(self, file_path, s3_url):
"""Upload with automatic retry on failure."""
return self.client.upload(file_path, s3_url)
def upload_batch(self, files_and_urls):
"""Upload multiple files with error tracking."""
results = {
"successful": [],
"failed": []
}
for file_path, s3_url in files_and_urls:
try:
summary = self.upload_with_retry(file_path, s3_url)
results["successful"].append({
"file": file_path,
"url": s3_url,
"compression": summary.savings_percent
})
except Exception as e:
results["failed"].append({
"file": file_path,
"url": s3_url,
"error": str(e)
})
# Report results
print(f"Uploaded: {len(results['successful'])}/{len(files_and_urls)}")
if results["failed"]:
print("Failed uploads:")
for failure in results["failed"]:
print(f" {failure['file']}: {failure['error']}")
return results
# Usage
uploader = RobustUploader()
files_to_upload = [
("build1.zip", "s3://artifacts/build1/"),
("build2.zip", "s3://artifacts/build2/"),
("build3.zip", "s3://artifacts/build3/"),
]
results = uploader.upload_batch(files_to_upload)
These examples demonstrate real-world usage patterns for DeltaGlider across various domains. Each example includes error handling, monitoring, and best practices for production deployments.