feat(workflows): add sub-workflow backend support

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

sidecar/src/Aryx.AgentHost/Contracts/ProtocolModels.cs

@@ -311,6 +311,7 @@ public sealed class ValidatePatternCommandDto : SidecarCommandEnvelope
 public sealed class ValidateWorkflowCommandDto : SidecarCommandEnvelope
 {
     public WorkflowDefinitionDto Workflow { get; init; } = new();
+    public IReadOnlyList<WorkflowDefinitionDto> WorkflowLibrary { get; init; } = [];
 }
 
 public sealed class RunTurnCommandDto : SidecarCommandEnvelope
@@ -323,6 +324,7 @@ public sealed class RunTurnCommandDto : SidecarCommandEnvelope
     public string? ProjectInstructions { get; init; }
     public PatternDefinitionDto Pattern { get; init; } = new();
     public WorkflowDefinitionDto? Workflow { get; init; }
+    public IReadOnlyList<WorkflowDefinitionDto> WorkflowLibrary { get; init; } = [];
     public IReadOnlyList<ChatMessageDto> Messages { get; init; } = [];
     public RunTurnPromptInvocationDto? PromptInvocation { get; init; }
     public RunTurnToolingConfigDto? Tooling { get; init; }

sidecar/src/Aryx.AgentHost/Services/CopilotWorkflowRunner.cs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public sealed class CopilotWorkflowRunner : ITurnWorkflowRunner
     {
         string? validationError = command.Workflow is null
             ? _patternValidator.Validate(command.Pattern).FirstOrDefault()?.Message
-            : _workflowValidator.Validate(command.Workflow).FirstOrDefault()?.Message;
+            : _workflowValidator.Validate(command.Workflow, command.WorkflowLibrary).FirstOrDefault()?.Message;
         if (validationError is not null)
         {
             throw new InvalidOperationException(validationError);
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public sealed class CopilotWorkflowRunner : ITurnWorkflowRunner
             ConfigureHookLifecycleEventSuppression(state, bundle);
             Workflow workflow = command.Workflow is null
                 ? bundle.BuildWorkflow(command.Pattern)
-                : _workflowRunner.BuildWorkflow(command.Workflow, command.Pattern, bundle.Agents);
+                : _workflowRunner.BuildWorkflow(command.Workflow, command.Pattern, bundle.Agents, command.WorkflowLibrary);
             List<ChatMessage> inputMessages = command.Messages.Select(WorkflowTranscriptProjector.ToChatMessage).ToList();
             WorkflowTranscriptProjector.AttachMessageMode(inputMessages, command.MessageMode);
 

sidecar/src/Aryx.AgentHost/Services/SidecarProtocolHost.cs

@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ public sealed class SidecarProtocolHost
         {
             Type = "workflow-validation",
             RequestId = context.Envelope.RequestId,
-            Issues = _workflowValidator.Validate(command.Workflow),
+            Issues = _workflowValidator.Validate(command.Workflow, command.WorkflowLibrary),
         }, context.CancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
     }
 

sidecar/src/Aryx.AgentHost/Services/WorkflowRunner.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 using Aryx.AgentHost.Contracts;
 using Microsoft.Agents.AI;
 using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Workflows;
-using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Workflows.Specialized;
 
 namespace Aryx.AgentHost.Services;
 
@@ -10,12 +9,19 @@ internal sealed class WorkflowRunner
     public Workflow BuildWorkflow(
         WorkflowDefinitionDto workflowDefinition,
         PatternDefinitionDto patternDefinition,
-        IReadOnlyList<AIAgent> agents)
+        IReadOnlyList<AIAgent> agents,
+        IReadOnlyList<WorkflowDefinitionDto>? workflowLibrary = null)
     {
         ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(workflowDefinition);
         ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(patternDefinition);
         ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(agents);
 
+        Dictionary<string, WorkflowDefinitionDto> workflowLibraryMap = workflowLibrary?
+            .Where(candidate => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(candidate.Id))
+            .GroupBy(candidate => candidate.Id, StringComparer.Ordinal)
+            .ToDictionary(group => group.Key, group => group.Last(), StringComparer.Ordinal)
+            ?? new Dictionary<string, WorkflowDefinitionDto>(StringComparer.Ordinal);
+
         WorkflowNodeDto startNode = workflowDefinition.Graph.Nodes.Single(node =>
             string.Equals(node.Kind, "start", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
         WorkflowNodeDto endNode = workflowDefinition.Graph.Nodes.Single(node =>
@@ -25,10 +31,23 @@ internal sealed class WorkflowRunner
             .Zip(agents, (definition, agent) => (definition.Id, agent))
             .ToDictionary(pair => pair.Id, pair => pair.agent, StringComparer.Ordinal);
 
+        return BuildWorkflow(workflowDefinition, agentMap, workflowLibraryMap);
+    }
+
+    private Workflow BuildWorkflow(
+        WorkflowDefinitionDto workflowDefinition,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, AIAgent> agentMap,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, WorkflowDefinitionDto> workflowLibrary)
+    {
+        WorkflowNodeDto startNode = workflowDefinition.Graph.Nodes.Single(node =>
+            string.Equals(node.Kind, "start", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+        WorkflowNodeDto endNode = workflowDefinition.Graph.Nodes.Single(node =>
+            string.Equals(node.Kind, "end", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+
         Dictionary<string, ExecutorBinding> bindings = new(StringComparer.Ordinal);
         foreach (WorkflowNodeDto node in workflowDefinition.Graph.Nodes)
         {
-            bindings[node.Id] = CreateExecutorBinding(node, agentMap);
+            bindings[node.Id] = CreateExecutorBinding(node, agentMap, workflowLibrary);
         }
 
         WorkflowBuilder builder = new(bindings[startNode.Id]);
@@ -92,7 +111,8 @@ internal sealed class WorkflowRunner
 
     private static ExecutorBinding CreateExecutorBinding(
         WorkflowNodeDto node,
-        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, AIAgent> agentMap)
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, AIAgent> agentMap,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, WorkflowDefinitionDto> workflowLibrary)
     {
         if (string.Equals(node.Kind, "start", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
         {
@@ -115,6 +135,32 @@ internal sealed class WorkflowRunner
             return agent.BindAsExecutor(CopilotAgentBundle.CreateAgentHostOptions());
         }
 
+        if (string.Equals(node.Kind, "sub-workflow", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            WorkflowDefinitionDto subWorkflowDefinition = ResolveSubWorkflowDefinition(node, workflowLibrary);
+            Workflow subWorkflow = new WorkflowRunner().BuildWorkflow(subWorkflowDefinition, agentMap, workflowLibrary);
+            return subWorkflow.BindAsExecutor(node.Id);
+        }
+
         throw new NotSupportedException($"Workflow node kind \"{node.Kind}\" is not executable yet.");
     }
+
+    private static WorkflowDefinitionDto ResolveSubWorkflowDefinition(
+        WorkflowNodeDto node,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, WorkflowDefinitionDto> workflowLibrary)
+    {
+        if (node.Config.InlineWorkflow is not null)
+        {
+            return node.Config.InlineWorkflow;
+        }
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(node.Config.WorkflowId)
+            && workflowLibrary.TryGetValue(node.Config.WorkflowId, out WorkflowDefinitionDto? workflow))
+        {
+            return workflow;
+        }
+
+        throw new InvalidOperationException(
+            $"Sub-workflow node \"{node.Id}\" references unknown workflow \"{node.Config.WorkflowId}\".");
+    }
 }

sidecar/src/Aryx.AgentHost/Services/WorkflowValidator.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System.Linq;
 using Aryx.AgentHost.Contracts;
 
 namespace Aryx.AgentHost.Services;
@@ -9,11 +10,18 @@ public sealed class WorkflowValidator
         "start",
         "end",
         "agent",
+        "sub-workflow",
     };
 
-    public IReadOnlyList<WorkflowValidationIssueDto> Validate(WorkflowDefinitionDto workflow)
+    public IReadOnlyList<WorkflowValidationIssueDto> Validate(
+        WorkflowDefinitionDto workflow,
+        IReadOnlyList<WorkflowDefinitionDto>? workflowLibrary = null)
     {
         List<WorkflowValidationIssueDto> issues = [];
+        Dictionary<string, WorkflowDefinitionDto>? workflowLibraryById = workflowLibrary?
+            .Where(candidate => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(candidate.Id))
+            .GroupBy(candidate => candidate.Id, StringComparer.Ordinal)
+            .ToDictionary(group => group.Key, group => group.Last(), StringComparer.Ordinal);
 
         if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(workflow.Name))
         {
@@ -94,6 +102,8 @@ public sealed class WorkflowValidator
                     });
                 }
             }
+
+            ValidateSubWorkflowNode(node, workflowLibraryById, issues);
         }
 
         foreach (WorkflowEdgeDto edge in workflow.Graph.Edges)
@@ -145,8 +155,10 @@ public sealed class WorkflowValidator
         List<WorkflowNodeDto> endNodes = workflow.Graph.Nodes
             .Where(node => string.Equals(node.Kind, "end", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
             .ToList();
-        List<WorkflowNodeDto> agentNodes = workflow.Graph.Nodes
-            .Where(node => string.Equals(node.Kind, "agent", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        List<WorkflowNodeDto> executableWorkNodes = workflow.Graph.Nodes
+            .Where(node =>
+                string.Equals(node.Kind, "agent", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                || string.Equals(node.Kind, "sub-workflow", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
             .ToList();
 
         if (startNodes.Count != 1)
@@ -167,12 +179,12 @@ public sealed class WorkflowValidator
             });
         }
 
-        if (agentNodes.Count == 0)
+        if (executableWorkNodes.Count == 0)
         {
             issues.Add(new WorkflowValidationIssueDto
             {
                 Field = "graph.nodes",
-                Message = "Workflow graphs must contain at least one agent node.",
+                Message = "Workflow graphs must contain at least one agent or sub-workflow node.",
             });
         }
 
@@ -338,6 +350,61 @@ public sealed class WorkflowValidator
         return issues;
     }
 
+    private void ValidateSubWorkflowNode(
+        WorkflowNodeDto node,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, WorkflowDefinitionDto>? workflowLibraryById,
+        List<WorkflowValidationIssueDto> issues)
+    {
+        if (!string.Equals(node.Kind, "sub-workflow", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        bool hasWorkflowId = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(node.Config.WorkflowId);
+        bool hasInlineWorkflow = node.Config.InlineWorkflow is not null;
+        if (hasWorkflowId == hasInlineWorkflow)
+        {
+            issues.Add(new WorkflowValidationIssueDto
+            {
+                Field = "graph.nodes.config",
+                NodeId = node.Id,
+                Message = "Sub-workflow nodes must specify exactly one of workflowId or inlineWorkflow.",
+            });
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (hasWorkflowId
+            && workflowLibraryById is not null
+            && !workflowLibraryById.ContainsKey(node.Config.WorkflowId!))
+        {
+            issues.Add(new WorkflowValidationIssueDto
+            {
+                Field = "graph.nodes.config.workflowId",
+                NodeId = node.Id,
+                Message = $"Sub-workflow node \"{node.Label}\" references unknown workflow \"{node.Config.WorkflowId}\".",
+            });
+        }
+
+        if (node.Config.InlineWorkflow is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        foreach (WorkflowValidationIssueDto inlineIssue in Validate(node.Config.InlineWorkflow, workflowLibraryById?.Values.ToList()))
+        {
+            issues.Add(new WorkflowValidationIssueDto
+            {
+                Level = inlineIssue.Level,
+                Field = inlineIssue.Field is null
+                    ? "graph.nodes.config.inlineWorkflow"
+                    : $"graph.nodes.config.inlineWorkflow.{inlineIssue.Field}",
+                NodeId = node.Id,
+                EdgeId = inlineIssue.EdgeId,
+                Message = $"Inline workflow for node \"{node.Label}\": {inlineIssue.Message}",
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
     private static void ValidateEdgeCondition(WorkflowEdgeDto edge, List<WorkflowValidationIssueDto> issues)
     {
         if (edge.Condition is null)

sidecar/tests/Aryx.AgentHost.Tests/SidecarProtocolHostTests.cs

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ public sealed class SidecarProtocolHostTests
                     && issue.GetProperty("message").GetString() == "Workflow name is required.");
                 Assert.Contains(issues, issue =>
                     issue.GetProperty("field").GetString() == "graph.nodes"
-                    && issue.GetProperty("message").GetString() == "Workflow graphs must contain at least one agent node.");
+                    && issue.GetProperty("message").GetString() == "Workflow graphs must contain at least one agent or sub-workflow node.");
             },
             completionEvent =>
             {

sidecar/tests/Aryx.AgentHost.Tests/WorkflowRunnerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+using Aryx.AgentHost.Contracts;
+using Aryx.AgentHost.Services;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI;
+using Microsoft.Agents.AI.Workflows;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.AI;
+
+namespace Aryx.AgentHost.Tests;
+
+public sealed class WorkflowRunnerTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task BuildWorkflow_AcceptsInlineSubworkflows()
+    {
+        WorkflowRunner runner = new();
+        Workflow workflow = runner.BuildWorkflow(
+            CreateSubworkflowParent(inlineWorkflow: CreateAgentWorkflow("child-inline", "agent-child")),
+            CreatePattern("agent-child"),
+            [CreateChatClientAgent("agent-child", "Child Agent")]);
+
+        ProtocolDescriptor descriptor = await workflow.DescribeProtocolAsync();
+
+        Assert.Contains(descriptor.Yields, candidate => candidate == typeof(List<ChatMessage>));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task BuildWorkflow_AcceptsReferencedSubworkflowsFromWorkflowLibrary()
+    {
+        WorkflowRunner runner = new();
+        WorkflowDefinitionDto childWorkflow = CreateAgentWorkflow("child-ref", "agent-child");
+        Workflow workflow = runner.BuildWorkflow(
+            CreateSubworkflowParent(workflowId: childWorkflow.Id),
+            CreatePattern("agent-child"),
+            [CreateChatClientAgent("agent-child", "Child Agent")],
+            [childWorkflow]);
+
+        ProtocolDescriptor descriptor = await workflow.DescribeProtocolAsync();
+
+        Assert.Contains(descriptor.Yields, candidate => candidate == typeof(List<ChatMessage>));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void BuildWorkflow_RejectsUnknownReferencedSubworkflows()
+    {
+        WorkflowRunner runner = new();
+
+        InvalidOperationException error = Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => runner.BuildWorkflow(
+            CreateSubworkflowParent(workflowId: "missing-child"),
+            CreatePattern("agent-child"),
+            [CreateChatClientAgent("agent-child", "Child Agent")],
+            []));
+
+        Assert.Contains("unknown workflow", error.Message, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    }
+
+    private static PatternDefinitionDto CreatePattern(string agentId)
+    {
+        return new PatternDefinitionDto
+        {
+            Id = "pattern-1",
+            Name = "Workflow Pattern",
+            Mode = "single",
+            Availability = "available",
+            Agents =
+            [
+                new PatternAgentDefinitionDto
+                {
+                    Id = agentId,
+                    Name = "Child Agent",
+                    Instructions = "Help with the request.",
+                    Model = "gpt-5.4",
+                },
+            ],
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static WorkflowDefinitionDto CreateAgentWorkflow(string id, string agentId)
+    {
+        return new WorkflowDefinitionDto
+        {
+            Id = id,
+            Name = "Child Workflow",
+            Graph = new WorkflowGraphDto
+            {
+                Nodes =
+                [
+                    new WorkflowNodeDto
+                    {
+                        Id = "start",
+                        Kind = "start",
+                        Label = "Start",
+                        Config = new WorkflowNodeConfigDto { Kind = "start" },
+                    },
+                    new WorkflowNodeDto
+                    {
+                        Id = agentId,
+                        Kind = "agent",
+                        Label = "Child Agent",
+                        Config = new WorkflowNodeConfigDto
+                        {
+                            Kind = "agent",
+                            Id = agentId,
+                            Name = "Child Agent",
+                            Model = "gpt-5.4",
+                        },
+                    },
+                    new WorkflowNodeDto
+                    {
+                        Id = "end",
+                        Kind = "end",
+                        Label = "End",
+                        Config = new WorkflowNodeConfigDto { Kind = "end" },
+                    },
+                ],
+                Edges =
+                [
+                    new WorkflowEdgeDto
+                    {
+                        Id = "edge-start-agent",
+                        Source = "start",
+                        Target = agentId,
+                        Kind = "direct",
+                    },
+                    new WorkflowEdgeDto
+                    {
+                        Id = "edge-agent-end",
+                        Source = agentId,
+                        Target = "end",
+                        Kind = "direct",
+                    },
+                ],
+            },
+            Settings = new WorkflowSettingsDto
+            {
+                Checkpointing = new WorkflowCheckpointSettingsDto(),
+            },
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static WorkflowDefinitionDto CreateSubworkflowParent(
+        string? workflowId = null,
+        WorkflowDefinitionDto? inlineWorkflow = null)
+    {
+        return new WorkflowDefinitionDto
+        {
+            Id = "parent-workflow",
+            Name = "Parent Workflow",
+            Graph = new WorkflowGraphDto
+            {
+                Nodes =
+                [
+                    new WorkflowNodeDto
+                    {
+                        Id = "start",
+                        Kind = "start",
+                        Label = "Start",
+                        Config = new WorkflowNodeConfigDto { Kind = "start" },
+                    },
+                    new WorkflowNodeDto
+                    {
+                        Id = "sub-workflow",
+                        Kind = "sub-workflow",
+                        Label = "Nested Workflow",
+                        Config = new WorkflowNodeConfigDto
+                        {
+                            Kind = "sub-workflow",
+                            WorkflowId = workflowId,
+                            InlineWorkflow = inlineWorkflow,
+                        },
+                    },
+                    new WorkflowNodeDto
+                    {
+                        Id = "end",
+                        Kind = "end",
+                        Label = "End",
+                        Config = new WorkflowNodeConfigDto { Kind = "end" },
+                    },
+                ],
+                Edges =
+                [
+                    new WorkflowEdgeDto
+                    {
+                        Id = "edge-start-sub",
+                        Source = "start",
+                        Target = "sub-workflow",
+                        Kind = "direct",
+                    },
+                    new WorkflowEdgeDto
+                    {
+                        Id = "edge-sub-end",
+                        Source = "sub-workflow",
+                        Target = "end",
+                        Kind = "direct",
+                    },
+                ],
+            },
+            Settings = new WorkflowSettingsDto
+            {
+                Checkpointing = new WorkflowCheckpointSettingsDto(),
+            },
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static ChatClientAgent CreateChatClientAgent(string id, string name)
+    {
+        return new ChatClientAgent(
+            new StubChatClient(),
+            id,
+            name,
+            "Stub agent for workflow runner tests.",
+            [],
+            null!,
+            null!);
+    }
+
+    private sealed class StubChatClient : IChatClient
+    {
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+        }
+
+        public Task<ChatResponse> GetResponseAsync(
+            IEnumerable<ChatMessage> messages,
+            ChatOptions? options,
+            CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            throw new NotSupportedException();
+        }
+
+        public object? GetService(Type serviceType, object? serviceKey = null)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public IAsyncEnumerable<ChatResponseUpdate> GetStreamingResponseAsync(
+            IEnumerable<ChatMessage> messages,
+            ChatOptions? options,
+            CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            throw new NotSupportedException();
+        }
+    }
+}

sidecar/tests/Aryx.AgentHost.Tests/WorkflowValidatorTests.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,36 @@ public sealed class WorkflowValidatorTests
 {
     private readonly WorkflowValidator _validator = new();
 
+    [Fact]
+    public void Validate_AcceptsInlineSubworkflowNodes()
+    {
+        WorkflowDefinitionDto workflow = CreateSubworkflowParent(inlineWorkflow: CreateWorkflow(id: "child"));
+
+        IReadOnlyList<WorkflowValidationIssueDto> issues = _validator.Validate(workflow);
+
+        Assert.DoesNotContain(issues, issue => issue.Level == "error");
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Validate_RejectsSubworkflowNodesWithoutSingleSource()
+    {
+        WorkflowDefinitionDto workflow = CreateSubworkflowParent();
+
+        IReadOnlyList<WorkflowValidationIssueDto> issues = _validator.Validate(workflow);
+
+        Assert.Contains(issues, issue => issue.Field == "graph.nodes.config");
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Validate_RejectsUnknownReferencedWorkflowIdsWhenLibraryProvided()
+    {
+        WorkflowDefinitionDto workflow = CreateSubworkflowParent(workflowId: "missing-child");
+
+        IReadOnlyList<WorkflowValidationIssueDto> issues = _validator.Validate(workflow, []);
+
+        Assert.Contains(issues, issue => issue.Field == "graph.nodes.config.workflowId");
+    }
+
     [Fact]
     public void Validate_RejectsInvalidConditionOperator()
     {
@@ -122,11 +152,11 @@ public sealed class WorkflowValidatorTests
         Assert.DoesNotContain(issues, issue => issue.Level == "error");
     }
 
-    private static WorkflowDefinitionDto CreateWorkflow()
+    private static WorkflowDefinitionDto CreateWorkflow(string id = "workflow-1")
     {
         return new WorkflowDefinitionDto
         {
-            Id = "workflow-1",
+            Id = id,
             Name = "Loop Workflow",
             Graph = new WorkflowGraphDto
             {
@@ -184,4 +214,68 @@ public sealed class WorkflowValidatorTests
             },
         };
     }
+
+    private static WorkflowDefinitionDto CreateSubworkflowParent(
+        string? workflowId = null,
+        WorkflowDefinitionDto? inlineWorkflow = null)
+    {
+        return new WorkflowDefinitionDto
+        {
+            Id = "workflow-parent",
+            Name = "Parent Workflow",
+            Graph = new WorkflowGraphDto
+            {
+                Nodes =
+                [
+                    new WorkflowNodeDto
+                    {
+                        Id = "start",
+                        Kind = "start",
+                        Label = "Start",
+                        Config = new WorkflowNodeConfigDto { Kind = "start" },
+                    },
+                    new WorkflowNodeDto
+                    {
+                        Id = "sub-workflow",
+                        Kind = "sub-workflow",
+                        Label = "Nested Workflow",
+                        Config = new WorkflowNodeConfigDto
+                        {
+                            Kind = "sub-workflow",
+                            WorkflowId = workflowId,
+                            InlineWorkflow = inlineWorkflow,
+                        },
+                    },
+                    new WorkflowNodeDto
+                    {
+                        Id = "end",
+                        Kind = "end",
+                        Label = "End",
+                        Config = new WorkflowNodeConfigDto { Kind = "end" },
+                    },
+                ],
+                Edges =
+                [
+                    new WorkflowEdgeDto
+                    {
+                        Id = "edge-start-sub",
+                        Source = "start",
+                        Target = "sub-workflow",
+                        Kind = "direct",
+                    },
+                    new WorkflowEdgeDto
+                    {
+                        Id = "edge-sub-end",
+                        Source = "sub-workflow",
+                        Target = "end",
+                        Kind = "direct",
+                    },
+                ],
+            },
+            Settings = new WorkflowSettingsDto
+            {
+                Checkpointing = new WorkflowCheckpointSettingsDto(),
+            },
+        };
+    }
 }